Fabrication of Transition-Metal Nanostructures and Ultraviolet Laser Excited Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (UV-SERS)

表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)效应可以使某些纳米结构表面吸附物种的拉曼信号强度得到极大的增强。由此发展而来的表面增强拉曼光谱成为一种具有超高灵敏度的表面检测谱学技术，成功地应用于电化学和分析科学等领域。然而,SERS研究的激发线几乎都集中在可见光至近红外光的波长范围，若能将激发线拓宽至紫外光区，将对SERS的应用体系拓展和复杂机理揭示做出实质性的贡献。 SERS效应高低与基底的纳米结构密切相关，迄今传统的SERS基底制备方法难以在多种金属体系获得UV-SERS活性。并且，由于目前拉曼谱仪在紫外光区的性能远低于可见光区（如光通量、CCD量子收集效率、透镜收集效率等），造成紫外拉曼信号强度低，大大...Surface-enhanced Raman scattering can extremely enhance the Raman signal of species adsorbed on the surface of nanostructures, which makes surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) be a very sensitive tool for the detection of surface species, and thus widely used in many fields like electrochemistry and analytical chemistry. However, the excitation lines used in SERS studies almost always focus ...学位：理学博士院系专业：化学化工学院化学系_物理化学(含化学物理)学号：B20042504

投资者对经济基本面的认知偏差会影响证券价格吗?——中美证券市场对比分析

本文通过放松Lucas(1978)资本资产定价模型的完全理性假设,构建了投资者的经济基本面认知偏差对证券价格影响的计量模型。当投资者主观认知和市场实际运行机制存在偏差时,该模型能较好地解释诸如消费增长率同股权溢价的相关性、累积超额收益等传统资产定价模型无法量化的诸多中国股市难题。本文还推导出了适用于非理性期望的广义矩估计方法(GMM),克服了现有GMM方法只能在完全理性期望下使用的局限性。基于该方法,本文以中国和美国为例,模拟检验了投资主体的不同认知偏差对股价和债券价格的差异性影响程度。结果显示,中美投资者的主观预期形式并不完全相同。美国投资者对经济基本面信息均值的变化反应较敏感;而中国投资者却对经济基本面波动的变化反应较敏感。该结果从认知偏差角度解释了中国股价长期背离经济基本面的现象,为政府规范股票市场的发展,促进股市服务实体经济提供了政策启示。洪永淼教授主持的国家社会科学基金特别委托项目《“中国梦”的系统结构、操作层面及国际比较研究》(批准号:13@ZH020)的阶段性成果

Anaphora in English: a Genre analysis

回指作为语言学研究中的一个中心话题已经被语言学家们从不同的角度进行了研究，比如：句法角度，语用角度，功能角度和认知角度。然而，总的来说这些只在句法关系中对回指进行解释的研究却不那么令人满意。它们没有涉及语篇关系中的回指，因此没有解释真实语言中出现的大量回指现象。本文运用语篇语言学对回指进行研究，并以语类和语类分析为理论基础，分析了回指与语类的关系。为了实现本文的目的，本文建立了语料库，选择了三种截然不同的语类：小说，童话和科技英语。为了获得数据，我们挑选了50篇童话，50篇科技英语和50篇小说。童话故事选自于格林童话和世界童话。科技英语语篇涉及化学，物理，医学和信息科学等等。小说选自于英语小说...Anaphora, as a central topic of research in linguistics, has been studied within different approaches, namely, the syntactic approach, the pragmatic approach, the functional approach and the cognitive approach. However, attempts made in these approaches to provide an account of syntactic relations have in general been unsatisfactory. These approaches fail to deal with any anaphoric reference invol...学位：文学硕士院系专业：外文学院外文系_英语语言文学学号：20020400

暗示法与少儿英语教学

文章论述了暗示法的特征,并结合实践从情感因素、艺术手段和教学过程三个方面来论述暗示法在少儿英语教学中的运用

Practical Research on Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Group Counseling on Undergraduates ' Resilience

目的考察团体心理辅导对提高大学生心理弹性的效果。方法依据认知行为治疗理论,设计团体辅导方案,对招募的7名大学生进行为期4周的辅导。用定量和定性相结合的方法,对辅导效果进行评估。结果团体辅导后的心理弹性显著高于辅导之前(19.91±3.07/18.67±3.33,P<0.001),3个月后追踪结果显著高于辅导之前(19.63±2.44/18.67±3.33,P<0.05),追踪结果与辅导后没有显著差异;团体心理辅导对于心理弹性下的掌控感以及情绪反应维度均有良好的干预效果,但是对于关系感的干预效果不明显。结论采用团体辅导的方式来提高大学生的心理弹性是一个可行且有效的方式

The functional analysis of interpersonal metaphor in projection

首先从系统功能语言学的人际隐喻角度探讨了"投射"句的功能语义特征,然后又从功能文体学的角度,统计分析"投射"人际隐喻在英语新闻访谈中的分布特征,揭示其文体价值。This paper first presents semantic characters of "projection"from interpersonal metaphor perspective in systemic-functional linguistics.Based on the semantice character of "projection",this paper also analyzes"projection"interpersonal metaphor in interview discourse.It concludes that"projection"interpersonal metaphor in interview realizes double interpersonal meaning.In other words,the interviewees in interview,by adopting"projection"interpersonal metaphor,express their impersonal ideas as well as reveal respeet to different opinions

炎症因子在糖尿病性干眼患者中的表达变化及其意义

目的研究炎症因子在糖尿病性干眼患者中的表达变化及意义。方法选择符合干眼病诊断标准的糖尿病患者(糖尿病干眼组102例102眼)及正常对照者(正常对照组84例84眼)。所有受检者均接受干眼症状询问及相关检查如:泪膜破裂时间(tear break-up time,BUT),泪液分泌试验(schirmerⅠtest,SⅠT)及角膜荧光素染色(fluoresce in staining,FLS)评分。将两组结膜上皮细胞进行印迹细胞学检查和免疫组织化学染色。采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测所收集的泪液中炎症因子的浓度。结果免疫组织化学染色结果显示:糖尿病组患者的结膜上皮细胞中转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factorβ1,TGF-β1)与转录因子-κB(nuclear factorκB,NF-κB)的阳性表达率均明显高于正常对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P=0.008、0.016),Spearman相关性分析结果显示,两者之间显著正相关(r=0.654,P=0.005)。ELISA法检测结果显示,糖尿病组患者的泪液中白细胞介素-1β(interleukin 1β,IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)、趋化因子3(chemokine C-C ligand 3,CCL3)、CCL4、CCL5及血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的浓度均明显高于正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论 IL-1β、CCL3、TNF-α、TGF-β1等都在糖尿病性干眼患者的结膜上皮细胞及泪液中高表达,并有临床指导意义。国家自然科学基金(编号:81460091、81560167)~

Charge Transfer Enhancement of Adenine Adsorbed on Palladium Nanostructured Surfaces by UV and Visible Laser Excited SERS

通讯作者: 任斌. E-mail: [email protected][中文文摘]腺嘌呤/金属体系中电荷转移(CT)增强机理的深入认识对理解单分子SERS和TERS中的巨大增强效应意义重大。受激发光波长的限制,关于CT是否存在的实验证据目前还未见报道。本文在获得钯上UV-SERS的基础上,借助紫外光激发的优势,研究了腺嘌呤吸附在钯包金体系中的电荷转移增强机理。通过分析三个激发光波长下(325 nm、514.5 nm和632.8 nm)的电位SERS谱,获得了峰值电位与激发光能量hv之间斜率为正的线性关系,从实验上首次证实了腺嘌呤吸附在钯上的电荷转移增强机理,电荷转移方向是从金属到分子。这对深入认识SM-SERS或TERS中腺嘌呤在金和银上的巨大增强效应起到了一定的指导作用。[英文文摘]Studies on the charge transfer enhancement mechanism of adenine/metal system are very important for the understanding of the huge enhancements observed in the single molecule SERS(SM-SERS) or tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(TERS).However,direct experimental proof has not been achieved mainly due to the limit in the excitation lines used which usually focus on visible or NIR region.Owing to the successive acquirement of UV-SERS on palladium surface,the excitation with higher energy of ultraviolet(UV) laser will bring some new insights into the understanding of SERS mechanism. In this paper,charge transfer enhancement of adenine molecules adsorbed on Pd was verified for the first time on the basis of the potential dependent SERS spectra with a UV laser (325 nm)and two visible lasers (514.5 nm and 632.8 nm) excitations. Linear relat ionship with a positive slope between excitation energy and Emax (potential at which intensity reaches maximum) was observed, indicating a metal to molecule charge transfer. The UV excitation displays an obvious advantage in its ability to bring a larg e differ ence of Emax from those with visible laser excitat ions.国家自然科学基金(20825313); 中国科技部(973项目,Nos:2007CB935603

Solving Euler equations via two-stage nonparametric penalized splines

动态随机一般均衡（DSGE）和资本资产定价模型是近年来在宏观经济学和宏观金融市场研究中广泛采用的模型方法。DSGE模型要求对未知政策函数（比如价格红利比率等）进行计算求解，从而得到模型结论和政策建言。然而，现有的经济、金融文献大多在金融数据服从某些特定概率分布的假设下，依赖数值方法来对DSGE模型做近似求解，而这会带来模型误设和近似误差问题。这种模型误设和近似误差可能会严重影响到求解动态均衡结果的有效性和可信度。该文首次提出运用非参数估计方法对DSGE模型中的政策函数进行求解，从而替代传统的近似求解法，这克服了过去文献存在的模型误设和近似误差的问题。该文是洪永淼教授牵头，以厦门大学为依托单位，联合中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院共同立项的“计量建模与经济政策研究”国家自然科学基础科学中心项目的阶段性成果。【Abstract】This study proposes a novel estimation-based approach to solving asset pricing models for both stationary and time-varying observations. Our method is robust to misspecification errors while inheriting a closed-form solution. By representing the Euler equation into a well-posed integral equation of the second kind, we propose a penalized twostage nonparametric estimation method and establish its optimal convergence under mild conditions. With the merit of penalized splines, our estimate is less sensitive to the spline setting and we also design a fast data-driven algorithm to effectively tune the key smoother, i.e. the penalty amount. Our approach exhibits excellent finite sample performance. Using the US data from 1947 to 2017, we reinvestigate the return predictability and find that the estimated implied dividend yield significantly predicts lower future cash flows and higher interest rates at short horizons.Hong's research is supported by National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 71988101), which is the Basic Scientific Center Project entitled as Econometric Modelling and Economic Policy Studies. Cui’s research is supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, China (No. 11500119 and 21504818) and NSFC (No. 71803166). Li’s research is supported by NSFC (No. 71571154 and No. 71631004)