幂律型流体撞击射流破碎特性直接数值模拟

凝胶推进剂的双股射流撞击雾化广泛应用于液体火箭发动机的燃烧室中,其破碎特征及雾化效果直接影响燃烧效率。为探究雾化特性的发展规律,采用直接数值模拟DNS方法,对射流速度为100m/s的剪切稀化非牛顿液体正交撞击产生的雾化特征、液体表面积、表面波、涡特性以及非牛顿特性开展研究。结果表明,射流下形成的雾化流场迅速扩张形成液膜,液膜两侧边缘破碎成大量的液丝与液滴,核心部分产生撞击波后在气体力的作用下逐步发展为带有凸起和褶皱的不稳定表面波,其撞击波波长最大可达2.46倍射流直径。液体表面积不断增长,但无量纲表面积总体呈现先下降再上升的趋势。气体中的涡量分布则分为有序附着区和无序爆炸区两类,并且涡量主要集中分布于气相区域。此外,射流撞击时产生强剪切使该液体内部的粘性系数下降,最低仅为初始粘性系数的0.3倍。国家自然科学基金(51606161;91441128;11602209)中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(20720170055

Comparison of uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis and traditional Roux-en-Y anastomosis in the totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: An analysis of multiple centers' data

目的对比非离断式(Uncut)Roux-en-Y吻合和传统Roux-en-Y吻合应用于全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术后消化道重建的安全性和短期疗效。方法回顾性分析国内10家单位共60例远端胃癌根治术后全腹腔镜消化道重建的胃癌病人临床资料,根据消化道重建方式不同分为Uncut Roux-en-Y组(Uncut组)34例,传统Roux-enY组(传统组)26例。结果 Uncut Roux-en-Y吻合在消化道重建时间方面用时更短[(51.5±13.3)min vs.(80.4±16.2)min,P=0.000],出血量更少[(60.0±35.6)m L vs.(132.9±65.1)m L,P=0.000],且在进食半流饮食时间方面具有优势[(4.6±1.5)d vs.(7.2±2.3)d,P=0.000]。两组病人在留置胃管时间、术后排气时间、进食流质时间和术后住院时间方面差异无统计学意义。两组病人均无围手术期死亡病例,并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(8.8%vs.7.7%,P=0.875)结论 Uncut Roux-en-Y吻合和传统Roux-en-Y吻合应用于全腹腔镜下消化道重建安全可行,Uncut Roux-en-Y吻合在重建时间和控制出血量方面具有优势。Objective To compare the security and short-term effect of the digestive tract reconstruction during the totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer between the Uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis and the traditional Roux- en- Y anastomosis. Methods The clinical data of 60 gastric cancer patients with digestive reconstruction underwent totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy between December 2012 and June 2015 in 10 domestic hospital were analyzed retrospectively. According to the difference of digestive reconstruction,it can be divided into the Uncut Rouxen-Y anastomosis group with 34 patients and the traditional Roux-en-Y anastomosis group with 26 patients. Results In uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis group,the operative time in digestive reconstruction was shorter[(51.5±13.3)min vs.(80.4±16.2)min,P=0.000]; the intraoperative blood loss was less[(60.0±35.6)m L vs.(132.9±65.1)m L,P=0.000];semi-liquid diet time was earlier[(4.6±1.5)d vs.(7.2±2.3)d,P=0.000]. However,there was no difference between the two groups on nasogastric tubegastrointestinaltwo groups on nasogastric tube,gastrointestinal transit,fluid diet and the duration of postoperative hospital stay. Both groups had no death case during the perioperative period and there was no significant statistical difference in the postoperative complication rates(8.8% vs. 7.7%,P=0.875).Conclusion The Uncut Roux- en- Y anastomosis and the traditional Roux-en-Y anastomosis are both safe and feasible for the digestive reconstruction under the totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Besides,the Uncut Roux- en- Yanastomosis has other advantages such as less reconstruction time and less bleeding.广东省科技计划项目(No.2014A020212591

柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法测定2-去氧葡萄糖的含量

目的建立柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法测定2-去氧葡萄糖(2-DG)含量的方法。方法采用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑酮(PMP)为柱前衍生化试剂,将2-DG在碱性条件下衍生化后直接进样测定。分离柱为HypersilODS2色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为100 mmol·L-1醋酸铵缓冲液(pH 5.5)-乙腈(78∶22),流速1.0 mL·min-1,波长249 nm。结果 2-DG在19.68~393.6μg·mL-1浓度范围内与峰面积具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9997);其定量限(S/N=10)和最低检出限(S/N=3)分别为7.8和3.1 ng;平均回收率为101.21%,RSD 0.63%。结论该方法简便实用、检测灵敏度高、测定结果准确,适用于2-DG的质量控制

亚临界条件下水相液化烟草工艺及产物的研究

以云南烟叶为原料,以水为溶剂,采用水热法制备液化物。以液化提取率为目标,对影响烟叶提取率的液料比、液化温度、液化时间三个影响因素进行了单因素实验,并在此基础上用正交实验来确定了烟叶最佳液化工艺。分别使用石油醚和二氯甲烷对液化物进行萃取,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对萃取成分进行分析。结果表明:烟叶的最优液化工艺是液料比为15∶1,液化温度为180℃,液化时间为2 h。影响烟草提取率的顺序为:液化温度>液化时间>液料比,液化温度对提取率有显著影响。石油醚萃取液中以烷烃类化合物为主,二氯甲烷萃取提取液得到的化合物成分较全。云南省烟草化学重点实验室开放项目(2017539200340395)云南省科技计划项目(2017FD236

烟草剩余物制备致香物质的研究

以云南烟叶、烟秆为原料,以无水乙醇为溶剂,采用水热法制备生物基致香物质。对影响烟叶提取率的液料比、液化温度、液化时间、原料种类4个影响因素进行了研究。分别使用石油醚和二氯甲烷对液化物进行萃取,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对萃取成分进行分析。结果表明,反应时间的越长,热解产物中致香总物质含量越低。相同制备工艺条件下,烟叶为原料制备的致香物质总含量要高于烟秆。随着溶剂量的增加,体系中致香物质总含量随之降低。反应制备温度越高致香物质含量随之下降。云南省烟草化学重点实验室开放项目（2017539200340395）云南省科技计划项目（2017FD236

Y型聚乙二醇干扰素琢-2b注射液治疗HCV基因2/3型慢性丙型肝炎患者疗效和安全性的多中心随机对照试验研究

目的以标准剂量的聚乙二醇干扰素(Peg IFN)α-2a联合利巴韦林作为阳性对照,评价新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b注射液联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)患者的疗效和安全性。方法采用多中心、随机开放、阳性药对照的Ⅲ期临床试验,筛选符合要求的2型/3型CHC患者,按照2:1的比例随机分配到Y型Peg IFNα-2b组和Peg IFNα-2a组,同时口服利巴韦林,疗程24 w,停药随访24 w。采用Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II检测HCV基因型,采用Cobas Taq Man实时定量PCR法检测血清HCV RNA水平。详细记录不良事件。主要疗效指标为持续病毒学应答(SVR),并进行非劣效检验。结果本试验实际入组2型/3型CHC患者255例,实际治疗241例。全分析集(FAS)数据显示,158例试验组和83例对照组患者SVR分别为85.4%(95%CI 79.94%~90.94%)和79.5%(95%CI 70.84%~88.20%,P=0.2402);对符合方案分析集(PPS)人群分析显示,试验组和对照组患者SVR分别为87.9%(95%CI 82.45%~93.27%)和85.9%(95%CI 77.82%~94.01%,P=0.7060),率差的95%可置信区间均符合非劣效标准;对PPS人群分析显示,85.8%受试者获得了早期病毒学应答(RVR),RVR的阳性预测值为90.1%;试验组和对照组不良事件发生率相似,分别为95.6%和95.2%,严重不良事件发生率分别为3.8%和3.6%。结论应用Peg IFNα联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型CHC患者,新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b具有与对照药物Peg IFNα-2a相似的疗效和安全性。国家科技部“十二五”重大专项(编号:2012ZX10002-003)；“重大新药创制”十二五科技重大专项(编号:2012ZX09303019)

三相电机变频调速系统

学位：理学硕士院系专业：计算机与信息工程学院电子工程系_无线电物理学号：1990350

A study of Russian unemployment problems, and the development and effects of employment security system (from 1991 to 2009)

蘇聯解體後，俄羅斯從計畫經濟走向市場導向經濟體，傳統上保障俄國公民完全就業的情況不在，經濟轉型造成大量失業人口。為防止失業帶來經濟社會的負面效應，政府通過俄羅斯聯邦居民就業法，並建立俄羅斯聯邦國家就業基金，逐步建立起就業安全制度。本文為深入了解俄國失業情況與就業安全制度，將探討俄國主要失業類型與因素，以及就業安全之發展與其對緩和失業的效用。其次，俄國一九九○年代的經濟轉型衰退與千禧年後穩定成長形成強烈對比，這直接影響失業、社會狀態、政府勞動市場政策、就業安全活動資金來源與執行效率。因此，內文對於此兩階段亦進行比較。研究發現，俄羅斯失業率與投資、消費有高度反向關係，也就是說轉型時期投資與消費皆明顯不足，連帶失業率上升。勞動市場政策則以維持與創造工作機會為目標，但實際上，國家就業基金作為就業安全活動的後盾，其資金較為缺乏，且多集中在失業給付，在創造與維持工作機會等就業積極政策方面並未能有良好成果。然2001年起撤銷國家就業基金，就業安全活動改由預算撥款後，資金來源較為穩定，至2008-2009年金融危機時期俄政府尚能投入額外預算以緩和失業。此外，千禧年後，投資與消費穩定增長，失業率下降，勞動市場政策除了延續就業促進的概念外，尚注重地區平衡發展、招募外國勞動力、培養專業幹部等多元議題。故整體而言，成功被勞動安置、參與職業訓練(職業教育)，以及接受失業救助的人數比例皆比轉型初期來得高，此表示俄羅斯經濟恢復成長後失業率下降外，就業安全活動成效也逐漸提高。Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia had changed economic system from a planned economy to a market-oriented economy. Russia didn’t guarantee full-employment anymore like the period of Soviet Union. Economic transformation caused the massive unemployed population. In order to prevent unemployment to bring negative economic and social effects, Russian government made the Employment Act of the Russian Federation and built the National Employment Fund of Russian Federation. To understand deeply the Russian unemployment and employment security, this article will explore the types, the main factors of unemployment, development and effects of employment security. Second, it forms the striking contrast between economic decline in the 1990’s and stable growth after 2000. It directly impacts on unemployment, social status, labor market policies, source of funding and execution efficiency. Therefore, this report has two stages for this comparison. The research found that the Russian unemployment rate and the investment, the consumption have the negative relations. That is, investment and consumption during the transformation period were obviously insufficient, which resulted in high unemployment rate. The labor market policy’s goals were to maintain and create job opportunities, but in fact the National Employment Fund which supported employment security activities was the lack of funds, and most of the funds focused on unemployment benefits, therefore activities in creating and maintaining jobs couldn’t get good results. However, the National Employment Fund in 2001 was withdrawn, employment security activities were financed from the budget. The source of fund has become quite stable. In the recent financial crisis, the Russian government even could put into the extra budget to alleviate the unemployment pressure. In addition, after 2000, the unemployment rate has dropped because of steady growth in investment and consumption. Not only did the government continue to the concept of employment promotion, but it paid attention to balanced regional development, the recruitment of foreign labor and training of professional managers. In conclusion, after the economic recovery in Russia, the unemployment problems have gradually improved

Geneto Studies on Cadmium Tolerance at Seedling Stage in Rice Plant

為了瞭解水稻幼苗期鎘耐性之遺傳行為，使用三個鎘 耐性品種Kang Lung Do、台北108及農林37與三個敏 感性品種Kae Bye、台農28及台北103，進行6×6之 全互交，以F1及F2用種子為材料，調查根長、根數、苗高、 苗全長、莖乾重、根乾重及苗乾重等7個性狀，來進行 水稻耐鎘性之遺傳分析，結果分述如下： （一）水稻耐鎘性之全互交遺傳分析﹕ l．利用Hayman全互交方法研究，各性狀在品種間有顯 著之差異。 2．各性狀經迴歸分析，其結果大致可分為兩類﹕第一 類包括莖乾重、根長、根數、苗高及苗全長，結果 顯示控制以上耐鎘性之基因為部份顯性﹔第二類包 括根乾重及苗乾重，結果顯示控制這兩個性狀耐鎘 性之基因為超顯性。 3．遺傳成份之估計及遺傳分析結果﹕基因之顯性與加 性作用在莖乾重、根乾重、苗高及苗乾重等性狀均 扮演重要角色，而在根長及苗全長僅顯性作用顯 著。各性狀耐鎘性基因之平均顯性程度均為超顯 性﹔顯隱性對立因子的頻度，在親本的基因座上分 佈不均勻﹔且親本所帶顯性基因較多，並均受微效 基因作用較大。 （二）凡族群之性狀間表現型相關﹕ 1．性狀間之表現型相關結果顯示，處理下大部分族群 根長與莖乾重及苗高呈正相關，而未處理族群則無 顯著相關。 2．各性狀之廣義遺傳率結果顯示，遺傳率之大小因性 狀及不同族群而有差異，大致上來說，以台農28× 農林37之廣義遺傳率最高，其次為台農28×Kang Lung DO。Three cadmium tolerant rice varieties ie., Kang Lung Do, Tpipei No.108, and Nohrin No.37, and three sensitive varieties, ie, Kae Bye,Tainung No.28, and Taipei No.103, were used for diallel crosses analysis. The seeds of F1 and F2 were used to do the genetic analysis of cadmium tolerance on the root length root、number、seedling height、total seedling height、shoot dry weight、root dry weight and total seedling dry weight. The results of the experiments are summarized in the followings: 1.Diallel analysis of cadmium tolerance in rice: (1)The results of diallel analysis indicated that the 7 characters of 6 varieties differed from varieties to varieties and also from different cross combination. (2)The result of regression analysis were invided into two sections: One was observed that the shoot dry weight、root length、root number、seedling height and total seedling height were controlled by partial dominance. The other was observed that root dry weight and total seedling dry weight were controlled by over dominance (3)The results of estimates of genetic components and genetic analysis: It was observed that shoot dry weight, root dry weight, seedling height and total seedling dry weight were controlled by the dominance gene and the addition effect of polygene. Root length, and total seedling height were controlled by dominance gene. Mean degrees of dominance on all characters were over dominance. Ratio of total number of dominance to recessive genes in parent were unequal. 2.Phenotypic correlations of F2 populations: (1)Phenotypic correlations among all pairs of 7 characters were observed. Root length with shoot dry weight and seedling height were significant positive correlation when the population were treated, but untreated population were no significant difference. (2)Heritabilities are different when the characters and populations were different. For the most results, the heritability of cross combination of Tainung No.28 X Nohrin No.37 were maximal, and of Tainung No.28 X Kang Lung Do were next

香蜂草乾燥之基礎研究

In this research, an appropriate thickness of drying layers for lemon balm was first investigated, and the best thickness obtained was 6 cm. Based on the best thickness of drying layers, the fundamental drying tests of lemon balm using the hot-air drying本研究首先探應香蜂草最合適乾燥層厚度，並獲致其最佳值為6cm，當以此厚度使用烤箱熱風與吸附除濕進行香蜂草乾燥基礎試驗，兩種乾燥方式溫度設定，分別為烤箱熱風40、50與60℃三溫階與吸附除濕20、30、35與40℃四溫階，試驗結果顯示40℃為烤箱熱風乾燥乾品在品質判定下之最佳乾燥溫度，而35℃則為吸附除濕乾燥乾品在考量品質與單位時間產量下之最佳乾燥溫度。兩溫度所獲致乾品物理品質之乾品磨粉色澤、茶湯水色與重量復水率量測結果，各有優勢之表現。當進一步以ANOVA變異數分析其品質指標，結果顯示僅乾品磨粉色澤無顯