Problems in Defining the Institutional Status of the Press

This comment will deal with the concept of freedom of the press within the context of recent Supreme Court rulings which have directly or indirectly involved definitions of the role of the organized press in the governmental framework established by the Constitution. Specifically, the focus will be in the areas of the law dealing with defamation, testimonial privilege and the fair trial-free press controversy. The purpose will be to discern whether the Supreme Court is developing a concept of freedom of the press which is distinguishable from the general guarantee of freedom of speech and which derives its rationale from the recognition of the special institutional function of the press in a democratic society. The conclusion will summarize the results of this analysis, point out tendencies to limit the recognition of institutional press rights and discuss a theory upon which to base the recognition of a differentiated guarantee of freedom of the press

Organisational learning, training and small medium and micro enterprise (SMME) performance in Port Elizabeth

The growth and performance of an enterprise requires gaining a competitive edge through learning and evolving. Organisational learning is considered as a primary means for attaining the strategic renewal of an enterprise. In order to achieve this, organisations are required to explore and learn new ways while simultaneously using what is already learned. This research aims to assist SMEs in performing better and becoming sustainable by improving their agility within changing economic circumstance through the practical implementation of organisational learning strategies. The study aims to investigate how organisational learning contributes to the business performance success of SMEs in the Nelson Mandela Bay area. More specifically, the study investigates what roles individual/group/institutional learning and organisational memory play in the achievement of business performance success of SMEs in the Nelson Mandela Bay area. The empirical results were obtained from 71 SME owners with the aim of determining the extent of organisational learning in Nelson Mandela Bay SMEs. In other words, the study aimed to discover whether individual/group/institutional learning and organisational memory were the strongest determinants of business performance success. The findings of the study indicated that organisational learning in the form of group learning and organisational memory is an important determinant of business performance success. The study revealed that only group learning and organisational learning are significant determinants of business performance success, even though individual and institutional learning are also important. Furthermore, recommendations were made to SME owners to ensure that they practise organisational learning principles and foster mainly group learning and organisational memory in order to improve the business performance success of SMEs significantly in the Nelson Mandela Bay area

Organisational learning, training and small medium and micro enterprise (SMME) performance in Port Elizabeth

The growth and performance of an enterprise requires gaining a competitive edge through learning and evolving. Organisational learning is considered as a primary means for attaining the strategic renewal of an enterprise. In order to achieve this, organisations are required to explore and learn new ways while simultaneously using what is already learned. This research aims to assist SMEs in performing better and becoming sustainable by improving their agility within changing economic circumstance through the practical implementation of organisational learning strategies. The study aims to investigate how organisational learning contributes to the business performance success of SMEs in the Nelson Mandela Bay area. More specifically, the study investigates what roles individual/group/institutional learning and organisational memory play in the achievement of business performance success of SMEs in the Nelson Mandela Bay area. The empirical results were obtained from 71 SME owners with the aim of determining the extent of organisational learning in Nelson Mandela Bay SMEs. In other words, the study aimed to discover whether individual/group/institutional learning and organisational memory were the strongest determinants of business performance success. The findings of the study indicated that organisational learning in the form of group learning and organisational memory is an important determinant of business performance success. The study revealed that only group learning and organisational learning are significant determinants of business performance success, even though individual and institutional learning are also important. Furthermore, recommendations were made to SME owners to ensure that they practise organisational learning principles and foster mainly group learning and organisational memory in order to improve the business performance success of SMEs significantly in the Nelson Mandela Bay area

A stylistic reflection on two isiXhosa novels : (Ukhozi olunamaphiko and Lwadilik' udonga)

Kule ngxoxo kuqwalaselwa indlela ulwimi njengesakhono olusetyenziswe ngayo kwincwadi kaSaule, ethi, Ukhozi Olumaphiko kunye nobuchule bukaBongela ekubhaleni kwincwadi yakhe ethi, Lwadilik’ Udonga, yona eluguqulelo lwencwadi kaChinua Achebe, ethi, Things Fall Apart. Kule ngxoxo akuthelekiswa aba babhali babini koko kujongwe nje kunconywa ubuchule babo ekusebenziseni ulwimi ngendlela ephakamisa umgangatho weencwadi zabo. Oko, kudandalazisa ukubaluleka kokuqatshelwa kolwimi njengesakhono, ngababhali. Injongo yolu phando kukuba, ababhali bakuthathele ingqalelo ukubaluleka kokukhulisa nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kolwimi ngokukubonisa oko kwiincwadi abazibhalileyo, ukuze, nakubafundi nootitshala ezikolweni, kube lula ukufunda nokufundisa ulwimi, kuphumezeke iinjongo zeNkcazelo yePolisi yeKharityhulam noHlolo (2011), yona ebethelela ukufundiswa kolwimi ngendlela ephucula nekhulisa umfundi kulwimi. Le ngxoxo ke ixhaswa ngezithako ngezithako zeengcali kwisakhono noguqulelo. Ingxoxo le yahlulwe yazizahluko ezihlanu. Isahluko sokuqala sivula ngentshayelelo, ze sidandalazise intsusamabandla yolu phando, kushukuxwe ingxubakaxaka elundululeyo, ze kwenziwe uphengululo lweencwadi zeengcali kwizithako zesakhono nezokuguqulela. Isahluko sesibini, siqwalasela indlela uSaule asebenzise ngayo iindidi zezivakalisi, kanti neendidi zezivakalisi ezidiza isakhono ngobuchule, ukuze kuphuhle amandla akhe ekubaliseni kuhlobo loncwadi alubhalileyo, nokuvakalisa iingcinga neengcamango zakhe, edlulisa nolwazi kwabo bafunda incwadi. Isahluko sesithathu, siyaqhuba nokusetyenziswa kolwimi njengesakhono sokubhala kwakwincwadi kaSaule, kodwa kujongwe ukusetyenziswa kwezifanekisozwi, izifaniso, uchongo-magama nentsingiselo kunye noburharha bombhali. Isahluko sesine sona sihlalutya isimbo sikaBongela ekubhaleni nasekuguquleleni kwincwadi yakhe ethi, Lwadilik’ udonga. Isahluko sesihlanu sesokuphetha, siyintyilazwi yeengxoxo ezikolu hlalutyo, kuxilongwa ubuzaza besithako sobunzululwazi-sakhono nokubaluleka kwaso ekuphuhliseni uncwadi jikelele. Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi kuko okungundoqo wokuphila koncwadi

Podmiot feministyczny w koncepcjach Luce Irigaray, Julii Kristevy oraz Donny Haraway

Post-modernist debate focuses around the concept of the world and man presented by the philosophy described as the Enlightenment, Modernist or modern philosophy. At its culmination is the paradigm of knowledge developed by Kant and Descartes. The feminist theory of emancipation could not ignore the transformation reflected in every realm of cultural reality. The belief in a monolithic subject free from limitations has collapsed, as a result of events over the past few centuries and has left only the melancholy of uprooting. Feminism, particularly its second wave, has also joined the dispute on the shape of a new subjectivity. This discourse offers more than just a different outlook upon man, but also the reflection that points out to all the difficulties related to the discussion of the subject.Post-modernist debate focuses around the concept of the world and man presented by the philosophy described as the Enlightenment, Modernist or modern philosophy. At its culmination is the paradigm of knowledge developed by Kant and Descartes. The feminist theory of emancipation could not ignore the transformation reflected in every realm of cultural reality. The belief in a monolithic subject free from limitations has collapsed, as a result of events over the past few centuries and has left only the melancholy of uprooting. Feminism, particularly its second wave, has also joined the dispute on the shape of a new subjectivity. This discourse offers more than just a different outlook upon man, but also the reflection that points out to all the difficulties related to the discussion of the subject

Revealing effective regional decarbonisation measures to limit global temperature increase in uncertain transition scenarios with machine learning techniques

Climate change mitigation scenarios generated by integrated assessment models have been extensively used to support climate change negotiations on the global stage. To date, most studies exploring ensembles of these scenarios focus on the global picture, with more limited attention to regional metrics. A systematic approach is still lacking to improve the understanding of regional heterogeneity, highlighting key regional decarbonisation measures and their relative importance for meeting global climate goals under deep uncertainty. This study proposes a novel approach to gaining robust insights into regional decarbonisation strategies using machine learning techniques based on the IPCC SR1.5 scenario database. Random forest analysis first reveals crucial metrics to limit global temperature increases. Logistic regression modelling and the patient rule induction method are then used to identify which of these metrics and their combinations are most influential in meeting climate goals below 2 °C or below 1.5 °C. Solar power and sectoral electrification across all regions have been found to be the most effective measures to limit temperature increases. To further limit increase below 1.5 °C and not only 2 °C, decommissioning of unabated gas plants should be prioritised along with energy efficiency improvements. Bioenergy and wind power show higher regional heterogeneity in limiting temperature increases, with lower influences than aforementioned measures, and are especially relevant in Latin America (bioenergy) and countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the Former Soviet Union (bioenergy and wind). In the future, a larger scenario ensemble can be applied to reveal more robust and comprehensive insights

I thymiateria di El Cabecico del Tesoro (Verdolay, Murcia): caratterizzazione morfometrica

The present work is a first attempt to apply some statistical methods to the study of the so-called Iberian thymiateria, coming from the archaeological site of El Cabecico del Tesoro (Verdolay, Murcia). These terracotta objects have been analyzed using four different methods of calculation, for the purpose of verifying the possible similarities and differences among them, considering the results of both statistical and traditional (iconographical) methods

Structural modification of the antidepressant mianserin suggests that its anti-inflammatory activity may be independent of 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors

Antidepressants are increasingly recognized to have anti-inflammatory properties in addition to their ability to treat major depressive disorders. To explore if engagement of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors was required for the anti-inflammatory effect of the tetracyclic antidepressant mianserin, a series of structural derivatives were generated with the aim of reducing 5-HT receptor binding. Primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to screen for anti-inflammatory activity. The lead compound demonstrated a significant loss in 5-HT receptor binding, as assessed by non-selective 5-HT binding of radiolabelled serotonin in rat cerebral cortex. However, it retained the ability to inhibit endosomal toll-like receptor 8 signaling in primary human macrophages and spontaneous cytokine production from human rheumatoid synovial tissue equivalent to that previously observed for mianserin. These data demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of mianserin may be independent of 5-HT receptor activity. This research offers new insights into the mechanism and structural requirements for the anti-inflammatory action of mianserin