Sediment Nutrients Fluxes and Warming Effects across the Cascade Reservoirs of the Jiulong River

河流沉积物扮演着营养盐的“源”与“汇”的角色，梯级电站开发改变了河流水文和沉积动力，在气候变化（如气候变暖）的叠加影响下，沉积物营养盐的生物地球化学过程、释放通量发生变化，进而调整流域营养盐向海输出。本文以九龙江河流-河口作为整体研究对象，重点研究北溪中游梯级电站库区沉积物特征、释放通量和温度效应。通过野外观测，系统分析了河流-河口沉积物氮（N）、磷（P）、碳（C）的时空分布及其调控因素，利用2015年10月和12月三个梯级电站沉积物进行室内模拟，研究了温度升高对沉积物-水界面N、P、C释放通量的影响机制。主要结论如下： （1）九龙江沉积物N、P、C的空间分布主要受流域污染负荷和梯级电站的综...River sediment acts as source and sink for nutrients. The construction of cascade dams seriously changes the river hrdrological condition and sedimentary dynamics. And together with the dual influence of climate change (e.g. warming), they affect the sediment nutrient biogeochemical cycles and fluxes, then the watershed nutrient out-put to the sea. This study selected the Jiulong River-Estuary as ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：环境与生态学院_环境管理学号：3332013115176

Application of 5S management method on the materials science & engineering experimental teaching and personnel training

将5S管理方法引入材料科学与工程实验室建设与实验教学管理中。通过建立5S推行组织、确定试运行实验室的方法学习5S管理模式,以点带面,建立逐步在整个实验教学中心、在学生培养中推行5S管理的方法。The 5S management method is introduced into material science and engineering laboratory construction and experimental teaching management.By establishing an implementation organization, determining the test run laboratory, the 5S management mode is studied.And then fan out from point to area, it's gradually set up in the whole experiment center.It's also implemented during the personal training of the students in the university.教育部“十二五”国家级实验教学示范中心:厦门大学材料科学与工程专业实验教学示范中心(教高厅函[2012]13号); 教育部卓越工程师教育培养计划:厦门大学材料科学工程(教高厅函[2013]38号); 教育部第二批高等学校特色专业建设点:材料科学与工程(教高函[2007]31号); 福建省本科高校专业综合改革试点:材料科学与工程专业(闽教高[2012]41号

Construction an Opening Materials Science and Engineering Experimental Platform for all Students in the University

厦门大学材料科学与工程实验教学中心是2012年教育部批准建设的国家级专业实验教学示范中心。该实验教学中心针对不同学科、不同层面的学生,开设面向本专业的A类专业实验课程、面向校内相关理工科专业的B类材料基础实验课程以及面向全校各专业的C类材料通识实验课程。通过分层次、分体系的实验课程设置,教学科研协同发展和校企联合培养的实验教学模式,以及智能化管理系统的建设,实现实验室对全校师生的开放,全面提高实验中心的辐射示范作用。Materials science and engineering experimental teaching center of Xiamen University is an national professional teaching demonstration center, which was approved to construct by the education Ministry in 2012. According to the knowledge background and different requirement of the students in the university the experimental teaching center offers three level experimental courses： Course A is for the students in material college, which contains many specialized materials experiments; Course B is for the students major in science and engineering in the university, which contains basic materials experimental courses; Course C is for all students in the university, which contains general study materials experimental courses. Through the three level course settings and relevant teaching methods, as well as a controlled, visualized and intelligent management system, the center orderly opening to the students comes true. It is benefit to improve the role of radiation and demonstration of the center

Sediment-water Flux and Processes of Nutrients and Gaseous Nitrogen Release in a China River Reservoir

以九龙江北溪西陂电站库区为例,于2013年不同季节开展原状泥柱静态培养、气态氮水柱剖面观测和通量模拟实验,结合水和沉积物理化参数和微生物参数,研究河流库区沉积物-水界面营养盐及气态氮的释放过程和通量.结果表明,库区沉积物nH+4和PO3-4总体表现为释放行为[平均nH+4通量(480±675)Mg·(M2·d)-1,平均PO3-4通量(4.56±0.54)Mg·(M2·d)-1],而nO-3和nO-2表现为吸附行为.洪水季节带来大量的有机质沉积在库区,造成枯水期沉积物无机氮磷向上覆水体释放.湖泊区气态氮释放以n2为主(>98%),沉积物-水界面n2释放通量平均为(15.8±12.5)Mg·(M2·d)-1.水柱n2净增量有明显的空间差异和垂向分布规律,受沉积物-水界面生地化过程(反硝化和厌氧氨氧化作用)和流动水团的综合影响.下游站位存在较强的硝化作用,n2O相对富集,主要受水中氨氮占无机氮的比例控制.The key processes and fluxes of nutrients( N and P) and gaseous N( N2 and N2O) across the sediment-water interface in a river reservoir( Xipi) of the Jiulong River watershed in southeast China were studied.Intact core sediment incubation of nutrients exchange,in-situ observation and lab incubation of excess dissolved N2 and N2O( products of nitrification,denitrification and Anammox),and determination of physiochemical and microbe parameters were carried out in 2013 for three representative sites along the lacustrine zone of the reservoir.Results showed that ammonium and phosphate were generally released from sediment to overlying water [with averaged fluxes of N( 479.8 ± 675.4) mg·( m2·d)- 1and P( 4.56 ± 0.54) mg·( m2·d)- 1],while nitrate and nitrite diffused into the sediment.Flood events in the wet season could introduce a large amount of particulate organic matter that would be trapped by the dam reservoir,resulting in the high release fluxes of ammonium and phosphate observed in the following low-flow season.No clear spatial variation of sediment nutrient release was found in the lacustrine zone of the reservoir.Gaseous N release was dominated by excess dissolved N2( 98% of total),and the N2 flux from sediment was( 15.8 ± 12.5) mg·( m2·d)- 1.There was a longitudinal and vertical variation of excess dissolved N2,reflecting the combined results of denitrification and Anammox occurring in anoxic sediment and fluvial transport.Nitrification mainly occurred in the lower lacustrine zone,and the enrichment of N2 O was likely regulated by the ratio of ammonium to DIN in water.国家自然科学基金项目(41076042;41376082); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2012121053); 中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室(城市环境研究所)开放基金项目(KLUEH201008

Microsphere Pattern Prepared by a "Reverse" Breath Figure Method

通讯作者地址: Xiong, XP (通讯作者), Xiamen Univ, Coll Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 地址: 1. Xiamen Univ, Coll Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 电子邮件地址: [email protected] have reported all interesting method, named reverse breath figure, for the preparation of polymeric microsphere patterns. By the same procedure as breath figure, instead of under a humid atmosphere, linear and star-shaped poly(styrene-block-butadiene) copolymers dissolved in solvents such as toluene, trichloroform, and dichloromethane were cast onto the surface of a glass substrate in methanol or ethanol vapor. After the complete evaporation of the solvent, microspheres with the diameters ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers were prepared. The microsphere patterns are the reverse of the honeycomb porous structure of breath Figure. The mechanism of the microsphere formation has been studied to show that when the surface tension of the polymer solution is 1.5 mN/m higher than that of the condensed liquid, microsphere patterns call be prepared, whereas a honeycomb porous film of breath Figure call be obtained when the Surface tension of the polymer solution is lower than that of the condensed liquid. The viscosity of the polymer solution is also an important factor to influence the fabrication of the microsphere patterns.National Natural Science Foundation of China 2084400

废旧PET聚酯绿色降解与保级再利用技术

课题的总体目标是面向废旧PET回收再利用的国家需求,针对废旧PET传统化学法回收过程中的各项问题,开发基于新型功能化离子液体的催化降解PET并回收利用的新技术。通过对离子液体催化降解废旧PET反应过程的系统研究、放大规律的揭示、全系统的优化集成,最终建立千吨级离子液体催化降解PET的示范装置,形成基于离子液体绿色介质的温和高效催化降解废旧PET的核心工艺,与项目中其他课题,如,废旧橡胶、轮胎等回收利用技术共同构成一个完整的废旧高分子材料高值化利用的共性技术平台。目前项目实施状况良好,研究进展顺利,取得了良好的预期成果。完成了原料预处理工艺,获得了纯度达到99%以上的清洁PET碎片;实现了离子液...</p

2001—2017 年黄土高原实际蒸散发的时空格局

为了给全面评估黄土高原地区大规模实施退耕还林还草的生态效应提供依据， 基于 NASA 发布的空间分辨率为 500 m 的MOD16A2 蒸散发数据产品，分析了黄土高原以及黄河中游典型流域 2001&mdash;2017 年实际蒸散发量时空变化特征。结果表明: 黄土高原年均实际蒸散发量从西北向东南递增，多年平均季节蒸散发量空间分布格局与年平均蒸散发量分布格局基本一致， 季节蒸散发量由大到小顺序为夏季＞秋季＞春季＞冬季; 实施退耕还林还草工程以来， 黄土高原年均蒸散发量以 8．23 mm /a 的速率显著增加， 多年平均蒸散发量为 278．71 mm; 黄河中游各典型支流 2001&mdash;2017 年蒸散发量均呈现增加的趋势， 延河流域增速最大( 为 12．96 mm / a) ，皇甫川流域增速最小( 为 4．34 mm /a) ; 不同流域实际蒸散发量差异较大，渭河干流年均蒸散发量最大( 为 388．26 mm) ，皇甫川流域年均蒸散发量最小( 为 153．71 mm) 。 &nbsp;</p

西安市办公和家庭室内空气污染状况分析

本文对西安市74户住宅(194个居室)和10个办公场所(25个房间)进行了甲醛、苯、甲苯、邻二甲苯等8种单体VOC 及TVOCs 浓度测定,发现西安市室内空气中的污染物浓度整体超标严重. 住宅和办公场所的甲醛超标率在80%&mdash;90%之间,最大超标倍数分别为3. 89和4. 88; TVOCs 超标率分别为77. 9%和50%, 最大超标倍数分别为17. 4和49. 6. 探讨温、湿度与甲醛和TVOCs 浓度的关系发现,甲醛和TVOCs 浓度都随温度增加而增加; 甲醛浓度随湿度增加先增加后减少,而湿度对TVOCs 浓度影响不大. 分析各种装饰材料与污染关系后发现,板材是室内空气中甲醛和TVOCs 污染的最主要来源,白乳胶、壁纸、木地板次之. 建议通过夏季晾置房间、减少板材使用和延长晾置时间(至少半年以上)等方式有效减少室内空气污染.</p

过渡金属Mn取代多金属氧簇催化醇解废旧PET

合成了一种具有三明治结构的过渡金属Mn取代的多金属氧簇(POMs)催化剂Na12WZnMn2(H2O)2(ZnW9O34)

过渡金属mn取代多金属氧簇催化醇解废旧pet

合成了一种具有三明治结构的过渡金属Mn取代的多金属氧簇(POMs)催化剂Na12WZnMn2(H2O)2(ZnW9O34)