STUDY ON THE SEISMIC RETROFIT OF ANGLE BRACE JOINT USING KNEE MEMBERS

Seismic retrofit method with the knee members for preventing thejoint fracture of the angle brace was proposed. A series of loading test and analysis have been carried out to investigate validity of this method. The joint fracture prevention was confirmed by installing the knee members. The load sharing ratio could be expressed by the proposed model. Consideration is needed by the load sharing ratiochanged by holding angle of the knee members, the installed height of the knee members, stiffiness of the knee members and holding angle of a brace to make this method reach the reinforcement target

退院支援に係る診療報酬の確実な取得に向けた取り組み

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Effect of Physiological Changes in the Skin on Systemic Absorption of Tacrolimus Following Topical Application in Rats

Tacrolimus (TL) ointment is a topical treatment for atopic dermatitis, a disease that exhibits various skin conditions. The effect of skin pathologies on the systemic absorption of TL and related side effects remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate factors affecting the cutaneous absorption of TL. We prepared various skin models in hairless rats by tape stripping, injection of prophlogistic material solution (PMS), and continuous subcutaneous adrenaline (Adr) infusion. In vivo absorption studies were conducted, with measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin blood flow as physiological parameters. Very little TL absorption was observed through intact skin. Greater TL absorption was noted in skins with high TEWL values and fully stripped skin with PMS injections. In contrast, Adr infusion, which reduced skin blood flow, resulted in decreased TL absorption through fully stripped skin. Combined use of TL and Adr on skin with PMS injections resulted in suppression of TL absorption. Our results revealed that TL absorption following topical application is affected by alterations in the skin barrier, blood flow, and vascular permeability. We propose an administration plan for TL in a flowchart as a means of preventing systemic side effects

Preclinical Study of Tacrolimus Ointment for Prevention of Its Systemic Absorption in Atopic Dermatitis Model Mice According to Their Skin Conditions

Tacrolimus (TL) is used topically for atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment. In AD, the skin shows various physiological alterations across individuals, body sites, and time-courses. Our previous study using rats showed that alterations in the skin barrier function and skin blood flow affected systemic absorption of topically applied TL. In this study, we performed an in vivo skin absorption study using NC/Nga mice repeatedly administered Dermatophagoides farinae extract as an AD animal model to assess skin barrier function and skin blood flow. We used three types of TL ointment: or iginal TL ointment (Protopic® 0.1％ ointment) and liquid paraffin-diluted TL ointment with or without adrenaline (0.5w /w％) to suppress systemic absorption of TL. Skin barrier function correlated positively with the systemic absorption of TL in AD skin as well as in tape-stripped rat skin, and dilution of TL ointment suppressed TL absorption and showed high skin TL retention. Although skin blood flow affected TL absorption as the skin barrier was disrupted, the distinct relationship among skin blood flow, TL absorption, and the effect of combined-use of adrenaline was unclear. The relationship between blood and skin disposition of TL was biphasic—the ratio of blood to skin disposition increased rapidly at an inflection point. These results demonstrate that the dilution of TL ointment is useful for increasing treatment safety while retaining efficacy. The observed relationship between TL behavior and skin barrier function in AD model mice may also occur in AD patients and needs to be confirmed in further studies