Perioperative Preventive Use of Antibiotics in Orthopedic Patients

目的:了解2008年我院骨科围术期预防性应用抗菌药物的情况,并评价其用药合理性。方法:利用我院“军卫一号系统“查阅2008年1~12月骨科围手术期的3 229份病历,对其中预防性应用抗菌药物的品种、联合用药、用药疗程、用药时机和手术类型等进行统计分析。结果:我院骨科围手术期患者的抗菌药物总使用率为96.72%(3 123例);手术类型Ⅰ类切口2 468例(76.43%)、Ⅱ类切口404例(12.51%)、Ⅲ类切口357例(11.06%);预防性应用抗菌药物开始时机:术前2 H内给药的444例,占14.28%,术后1~3 H给药2 426例,占78.03%,术后预防性持续用药时间3天内有964例(31.00%),3~7天1 719例(57.61%)。抗菌药物用药方式:单用、二联和三联分别为2 861例(91.61%)、260例(8.33%)和2例(0.06%);以单用为主,主要品种为头孢菌素(77.91%)、氟喹诺酮类(14.61%)及其他(7.48%)。结论:骨外科围术期抗菌药物的预防性应用基本合理,但用药种类较多,用药时间较长,需加强对抗菌药物的应用管理,按规范要求使用,提高合理用药水平。OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status quo and rationality of the perioperative use of antibiotics in orthopedic patients of our hospital.METHODS: A total of 3 229 perioperative medical records of orthopedic patients retrieved by Army No.1 System between Jan.and Dec.in 2008 were analyzed statistically in respect of the category of antibiotics,combined use of antibiotics,courses of treatment,application time and surgery types etc.RESULTS: 96.72%(3 123 patients) received antibiotics perioperatively.76.43%(2 468) patients had type I incision,12.51%(404) type II and 11.06%(357) type III.444(14.28%) received antibiotics 2h prior surgery and 2 425(78.03%) within 1 to 3 hours postoperatively;964(31.00%) received antibiotics for 3 consecutive days and 1 719(57.61%) for 3 to 7 days.2 861(91.61%) received one kind of antibiotics,and 260(8.33%) received two kinds and 2(0.06%) three kinds of antibiotics in combination.The main categories administered were cephalosporins(77.91%),quinolones(14.61%) and others(7.48%).CONCLUSION: The preventive use of antibiotics in orthopedic patients is rational on the whole.But the category and of antibiotics applied is on the high side and the medication duration of which is long.It is urgent to tighten control on the management in the application of antibiotics to ensure standard use of antibiotics and improve the level of rational use of antibiotics

沙漠和积雪与区域气候变化的研究

简要技术说明 本项目为六个科研项目的集成,工作起止时间为1999～2008,10年中投入总经费243万元。本项目具体包括：科技部重大基础前期研究专项1项“天山北部沙漠-绿洲-冰雪带的水热循环与环境效应研究”(2002CCA04600,2003～2005);国家自然科学基金项目3项：“新疆北部气候突变及其对生态环境的影响” (40475041,2005～2007)、“新疆天山北坡经济带气候变化对地表水的影响及对策” (40265002, 2003-2005)、 “新疆北部积雪对地生态学的作用研究”(49871004,1999～2001);科技部科研条件工作项目1项“树木年轮宽度数字化..