Changes of Nutritional and Physical Quality Characteristics During Storage of Osmotic Pretreated Apple Before Hot Air Drying and Sensory Evaluation

The aim of this research was to increase the application of different osmotic dehydration solutions to decrease the drying time, and decrease the loss of quality after drying and during storage of apples. Sucrose and trehalose solutions with 20 and 50 Brix concentrations were applied. Drying experiments were performed at 50, 60 and 70C using a hot air dryer. Changes in color, water activity, vitamin C, dry matter, total phenol content and mechanical properties were determined with 3-month intervals. Trehalose pretreatments, especially with 50 Brix concentration, generally decreased the drying time. Trehalose pretreatment with 20 Brix had better effects on quality characteristics. Texture of the samples pretreated using 50 Brix sucrose and trehalose stayed more stable just after drying. Lowest change in puncture force was found in 50 Brix trehalose-treated samples even after 12 months. Samples pretreated using 20 Brix trehalose had the higher preference by the panelists. Practical ApplicationsApple drying is rather important because of large production capacity in the world. For reducing quality losses and the cost, osmotic pretreatments and then using cabin or tunnel dryers, which are based on hot air circulating, have been widely used. Usually sucrose, dextrin, glucose have been used for osmotic dehydration implementations to fruits like apple, kiwi and mango, until now. Sucrose implementation is the most successful for fruits and therefore it has widest usage in fruit processing. But there are many disadvantages of using sucrose like caramelization and changes in flavor and viscosity. Our previous research showed that trehalose has rather good effects to improve the quality of dried vegetables such as carrot and potato. The results of this research can also serve as a valuable resource to further researches for utilization of alternative osmotic materials such as trehalose similar to our research to decrease negative effects of drying process.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TOVAG-105O544]This project was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (TOVAG-105O544)

Expanding gray zones in ERCC2 mutations; a patient with XP phenotype and acute post-infectious leukodystrophy

Mutations in ERCC2, a Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) gene leads to Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) and Cockayne Syndrome (CS) phenotypes with various severities. While patients undergo XP disease are primarily suffering from skin hypersensitivity but rarely having central nervous system problems, TTD and CS patients are mostly having neurological disorders. In addition to that severe changes in hair and nail texture are especially unique to TTD. Hereby we report a previously healthy patient developed a rapid neurological decline and severe leukodystrophy due to an acute infection in which kept up with mild UV sensitivity and mild developmental delay. Pathophysiology of infection related neurodegeneration and DNA repair genes are also discussed

Could the increase in oxidative stress be the reason for the increased polyamine levels in diabetic obese and non-diabetic obese patients?

Putresin, spermine, and spermidine are important polyamines found in all living organisms. In this study, as a first in the literature, we aimed to investigate polyamines levels and their relationship with oxidative stress in obese adults. The study was carried out with 85 obese patients and 29 healthy controls. Glucose, HbA1c, urea, uric acid, CRP, Total antioxidant status and Total oxidant status putrescine, spermine and spermidine levels were analysed. The study found putrescine and spermidine levels in obesity (0.25 ±0.13) (2.29 ±0.79) were found to be significantly lower, respectively, than the control group (0.38± 0.08) (1.80 ± 0.68) (p<0.05). It was observed that both OSI and TOS values in the diabetic obese group were statistically higher than both the control group and the non-diabetic obese group. As a result; although polyamine levels are low in obesity, increased oxidative stress in the diabetic obese group caused an increase in polyamine levels

Risk İletişiminde Geleneksel Medya: Gazete Haberlerinin Deprem Felaketleri Örnekleminde Analizi

Bireylerin doğal afetler hakkındaki bilgilerini ve risk algılarını şekillendirmede önemli bir rol oynayan medya, bu niteliği ile risk ve afet yönetiminin ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. Türkiye için en yüksek doğal afet riskleri arasında ilk sırada yer alan depreme yönelik, medya aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilecek iletişim faaliyetlerinin niteliği, hedeflemesi, içeriği ve yoğunluğu da özel bir düzenlemeyi ve önemi gerektirmektedir. Afetler sırasında ve sonrasında olduğu kadar başta deprem olmak üzere tüm afetlere ilişkin riskler için de birincil bilgilenme, tutum geliştirme ve davranışa dönüştürme kaynağını medya oluşturmaktadır. Bu bakış açısından hareketle, geleneksel medyanın en önemli araçlarından biri olan gazetelerin depreme ilişkin içeriklerinin analizi çalışmanın odağını oluşturmuştur. Gazetelerin, deprem riski içeriklerindeki bilgi, kaynak, aktör, yoğunluk, genişlik ve tekrar düzeylerinin saptanması amacıyla, Basın İlan Kurumu 2021 yılı tiraj verileri temel alınmış ve buna göre en yüksek satış rakamına sahip Sabah, Hürriyet, Sözcü, Posta, Milliyet ve Türkiye gazetelerinden oluşan örneklem üzerinde, yakın zamanda yaşanmış İstanbul ve İzmir depremlerine ilişkin haberlere, nitel araştırma yönteminin bir tekniği olarak içerik analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada medyanın sadece depremin yaşanmasının ardından konuyu yoğun olarak haberleştirdiği, konuyla ilgisinin ancak afet ile birlikte oluştuğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, depreme yönelik açıklama ve bilgilendirme yapan aktörlerin, depremin toplumsal etkilerine göre değişiklik gösterdiği, riskin iletişimine yönelik anlamlı bir çalışmanın söz konusu olmadığı ve depreme yönelik haberlerin gündeme geliş zaman, biçim ve oranlarının medya organları açısından oldukça benzerlik taşıdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, ülkenin sahip olduğu en büyük risklerden biri olan depreme ilişkin ‘risk iletişimi’nde, medyanın kurumsal olarak taşıdığı işlev, önem ve sorumlulukların yeniden tartışılmaya muhtaç olduğunu göstermektedir

Exploring Attitudes Toward “Sugar Relationships” Across 87 Countries: A Global Perspective on Exchanges of Resources for Sex and Companionship

The current study investigates attitudes toward one form of sex for resources: the so-called sugar relationships, which often involve exchanges of resources for sex and/or companionship. The present study examined associations among attitudes toward sugar relationships and relevant variables (e.g., sex, sociosexuality, gender inequality, parasitic exposure) in 69,924 participants across 87 countries. Two self-report measures of Acceptance of Sugar Relationships (ASR) developed for younger companion providers (ASR-YWMS) and older resource providers (ASR-OMWS) were translated into 37 languages. We tested cross-sex and cross-linguistic construct equivalence, cross-cultural invariance in sex differences, and the importance of the hypothetical predictors of ASR. Both measures showed adequate psychometric properties in all languages (except the Persian version of ASR-YWMS). Results partially supported our hypotheses and were consistent with previous theoretical considerations and empirical evidence on human mating. For example, at the individual level, sociosexual orientation, traditional gender roles, and pathogen prevalence were significant predictors of both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS. At the country level, gender inequality and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. However, being a woman negatively predicted the ASR-OMWS, but positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. At country-level, ingroup favoritism and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-OMWS. Furthermore, significant cross-subregional differences were found in the openness to sugar relationships (both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS scores) across subregions. Finally, significant differences were found between ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS when compared in each subregion. The ASR-YWMS was significantly higher than the ASR-OMWS in all subregions, except for Northern Africa and Western Asia

Exploring Attitudes Toward “Sugar Relationships” Across 87 Countries: A Global Perspective on Exchanges of Resources for Sex and Companionship

The current study investigates attitudes toward one form of sex for resources: the so-called sugar relationships, which often involve exchanges of resources for sex and/or companionship. The present study examined associations among attitudes toward sugar relationships and relevant variables (e.g., sex, sociosexuality, gender inequality, parasitic exposure) in 69,924 participants across 87 countries. Two self-report measures of Acceptance of Sugar Relationships (ASR) developed for younger companion providers (ASR-YWMS) and older resource providers (ASR-OMWS) were translated into 37 languages. We tested cross-sex and cross-linguistic construct equivalence, cross-cultural invariance in sex differences, and the importance of the hypothetical predictors of ASR. Both measures showed adequate psychometric properties in all languages (except the Persian version of ASR-YWMS). Results partially supported our hypotheses and were consistent with previous theoretical considerations and empirical evidence on human mating. For example, at the individual level, sociosexual orientation, traditional gender roles, and pathogen prevalence were significant predictors of both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS. At the country level, gender inequality and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. However, being a woman negatively predicted the ASR-OMWS, but positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. At country-level, ingroup favoritism and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-OMWS. Furthermore, significant cross-subregional differences were found in the openness to sugar relationships (both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS scores) across subregions. Finally, significant differences were found between ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS when compared in each subregion. The ASR-YWMS was significantly higher than the ASR-OMWS in all subregions, except for Northern Africa and Western Asia

Ön fontaneli erken kapanan bebeklerde d vitamini replasmanının durdurulması: Doğru mu? Yanlış mı?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether fontanelle closure in neonatal and early infantry periods was related to vitamin D levels and the prophylaxis of vitamin D intake. Moreover, our analysis was structured in a retrospective, controlled manner to evaluate our hypothesis.Materials and Methods: We considered 50 individuals who applied to our child endocrinology polyclinic with infants suffering from premature anterior closure. Further, 35 healthy infants of the same age and gender having open anterior fontanelles were taken as the control group.Results: The serum vitamin D level was found to be lower, and the parathormone level was significantly higher in the group with premature closure of the anterior fontanelle. In addition, there was a significant difference in serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase and parathormone levels in patients who had ceased vitamin D support compared with regular vitamin D users. While there was no significant difference in serum vitamin D levels, the level was lower in patients who had withdrawn vitamin D support.Conclusion: In our study, many infants have much lower vitamin D levels than normal levels, even though their anterior fontanelle is prematurely closed. Thus, physicians and other health workers are also warned of the continuity of vitamin D prophylaxis and that it is wrong to cease vitamin D support for reasons such as the premature closing of the anterior fontanelle.Amaç: Biz çalışmamızda yenidoğan ve erken süt çocukluğu döneminde fontanel kapanmasının D vitamini düzeyi ve aldığı D vitamini profilaksisinin miktarı ile ilişkili olup olmadığını araştırmak istedik. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çocuk endokrin polikliniğimize ön fon taneli 6. aydan erken kapanma şikayetiyle başvuran veya rutin muayene esnasında ön fontanelin 6.aydan önce kapandığı saptanan 50 hastanın çalışmaya alınması planlandı. Aynı yaş ve cinsiyetten ön fontaneli açık 35 sağlıklı çocuk kontrol grubu olarak alındı. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda, ön fontaneli erken kapanan grupta serum D vitamini düzeyi daha düşük saptanmasına karşın kontrol grubu ile arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanamadı. Serum parathormon düzeyi ise fontaneli erken kapanan hasta grubunda anlamlı olarak yükselmişti. D vitamini desteği kesilen hastalar ile düzenli D vitamini desteği alan hastalar karşılaştırıldığında serum kalsiyum, alkalen fosfataz ve parathormon düzeyleri arasında anlamlı fark saptandı. Serum D vitamini düzeyleri arasındaki fark anlamlı olmasa da D vitamini desteği kesilen hastalarda daha düşüktü. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda da gördüğümüz gibi ön fontaneli erken kapansa dahi vitamin D düzeyi normal hatta normalin altında birçok infant bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle hem hekimlerin hem de diğer sağlık çalışanlarının D vitamini profilaksisinin devamlılığı konusunda uyarılması ve ön fontanel erken kapanması gibi sebeplerle D vitamini desteğinin kesilmesinin yanlış olduğu vurgulanmalıdır