25 research outputs found
Real Options at Bell Canada
In this report, we first develop a simplified example that illustrates the importance of considering the option ``waiting to invest'' when valuing an investment. This is followed by a short description of other options that could be embedded in an investment opportunity. In order to stress the importance of the real option mind-set in strategic planning and competitive assessment, we present three examples of possible applications of real options for evaluating investments at Bell Canada. A brief discussion follows on the importance of a real options mind-set in the telecommunications regulation context. Finally we conclude by underlining the importance of an efficient information gathering and processing framework to implement a real options framework. Two technical appendices provide more details on both the modeling and the solving techniques that are commonly used to implement real options.
The complete version of this publication is confidential. Nous dĂ©butons ce rapport en dĂ©veloppant un exemple simplifiĂ© qui illustre l'importance de valoriser l'option de retarder un investissement. Une courte description des diffĂ©rentes options susceptibles d'ĂȘtre incorporĂ©es dans un projet d'investissement est ensuite donnĂ©e. Pour illustrer l'importance d'adopter un cadre d'analyse basĂ© sur la mĂ©thodologie des options rĂ©elles pour la planification stratĂ©gique et l'analyse concurrentielle, nous prĂ©sentons trois applications possibles d'options rĂ©elles dans l'Ă©valuation d'investissements chez Bell Canada. La nĂ©cessitĂ© de l'adoption d'un tel cadre d'analyse dans le contexte de la rĂ©glementation des tĂ©lĂ©communications fait ensuite l'objet d'une brĂšve discussion. Nous terminons en soulignant que le succĂšs de la mise en pratique d'un cadre «options rĂ©elles» dĂ©pend essentiellement d'un systĂšme efficace de collecte et de traitement de l'information. Deux appendices techniques fournissent plus de dĂ©tails sur les techniques de modĂ©lisation et de solution qui sont couramment utilisĂ©es pour des problĂšmes d'options rĂ©elles.
La version complÚte de cette publication est confidentielle.Real options, option value, volatility, risk, irreversibility, telecommunications, Options réelles, valeur d'option, volatilité, risque, irréversibilité, télécommunications
Environmental Impact Assessment and Investment under Uncertainty. An Application to Power Grid Interconnection
We consider a firm that must undergo a costly and time-consuming regulatory process before making an irreversible, lagged investment whose value varies randomly. We analyze two cases: regulatory approval is valid forever or it expires after some time. We apply our model to Hydro-Québec's project of building a 1250 megawatts interconnection with Ontario. We find that the firm may start the regulatory process earlier if regulatory approval is valid long enough or if uncertainty is high enough; it postpones it otherwise. When to start the regulatory process and when to invest depend on the duration of the regulatory green light.Regulation, uncertainty, irreversibility, real options, interconnections
Environmental Impact Assessment and Investment under Uncertainty. An Application to Power Grid Interconnection.
We consider a firm that must undergo a costly and time-consuming regulatory process before making an irreversible, lagged investment whose value varies randomly. We analyze two cases: regulatory approval is valid forever or it expires after some time. We apply our model to Hydro-Québec's project of building a 1250 megawatts interconnection with Ontario. We find that the firm may start the regulatory process earlier if regulatory approval is valid long enough or if uncertainty is high enough; it postpones it otherwise. When to start the reglulatory process and when to invest depend on the duration of the regulatory green light.Regulation, uncertainty, irreversibility, real options; interconnections
Environmental Impact Assessment and Investment under Uncertainty: An Application to Power Grid Interconnection
We consider a firm that must undergo a costly and time-consuming regulatory process before making an irreversible, lagged investment whose value varies randomly. We analyze two cases: regulatory approval is valid forever or it expires after some time. We apply our model to Hydro Québec's project of building a 1250 megawatts interconnection with Ontario. We find that the firm may start the regulatory process earlier if regulatory approval is valid long enough or if uncertainty is high enough; it postpones it otherwise. When to start the regulatory process and when to invest depend on the duration of the regulatory green light. Nous considérons une firme qui doit se soumettre à un processus réglementaire long et coûteux avant de réaliser un investissement irréversible. La valeur de cet investissement est aléatoire et un délai de mise en service est nécessaire. Nous analysons deux cas : l'approbation réglementaire est toujours valide ou elle a une durée finie. Nous appliquons notre modÚle à un projet d'Hydro Québec : la construction d'une interconnexion de 1250 mégawatts avec l'Ontario. Nous montrons que la firme débute le processus réglementaire plus tÎt si l'approbation réglementaire est suffisamment longue ou si l'incertitude est assez élevée; autrement elle le retarde. Ces décisions dépendent aussi de la durée de l'approbation réglementaire.regulation, uncertainty, irreversibility, real options, interconnections, réglementation, incertitude, irréversibilité, options réelles, interconnexions
ââHealthy,ââ ââdiet,ââ or ââhedonicââ : how nutrition claims affect food-related perceptions and intake?
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of nutrition claims on food perceptions and intake among adult men and women, during ad libitum snacks. In a three (healthy vs. diet vs. hedonic) by two (normal-weight vs. overweight/obese) by two (unrestrained vs. restrained eaters) factorial design, 164 men and 188 women were invited to taste and rate oatmeal-raisin cookies. Despite the fact that the cookies were the same in all conditions, they were perceived as being healthier in the âhealthyâ condition than in the âdietâ and âhedonicâ conditions. The caloric content was estimated as higher by participants in the âhedonicâ than in the âhealthyâ condition, by women than by men, and by restrained than by unrestrained eaters. Although measured ad libitum cookie intake did not differ as a function of experimental condition, overweight restrained men ate more than did women from each BMI and restraint category. Conversely, overweight restrained women ate less than did men from each BMI and restraint category. In conclusion, our manipulations of healthiness and âfatteningnessâ of food were effective in changing perceptions, but were not in changing behavior
Ăvaluation de projets : la valeur actualisĂ©e nette optimisĂ©e (VAN-O)
Nous clarifions les fondements de lâĂ©valuation de projet en prĂ©sence de multiples sources
de risque et nous concluons que la mĂ©thode VAN telle quâappliquĂ©e dans la plupart des
entreprises et organisations viole certains principes fondamentaux de la création de
valeur tels lâadditivitĂ© et lâabsence dâarbitrage. LâĂ©valuation dâun projet doit se faire en
(i) décomposant les flux monétaires en composantes correspondant aux diverses sources
de risque et (ii) actualisant chaque composante Ă lâaide dâun taux spĂ©cifique Ă cette
composante. La valeur du projet est obtenue en sommant les valeurs présentes des diverses
composantes. Alternativement, les diffĂ©rentes composantes peuvent ĂȘtre corrigĂ©es
pour leur risque respectif afin dâobtenir leurs Ă©quivalents certains. La valeur du projet est
alors obtenue en prenant la somme des équivalents certains actualisée au taux sans
risque, identique, unique et observable.We clarify the foundations of project evaluation under multiple risk sources and we show
that the way the NPV method is typically applied in most firms and organizations violates
some fundamental principles of value creation such as the additivity and absence of arbitrage
principles. Project evaluation must be done through (i) decomposing the project
cash flows into components corresponding to the different sources of risk and (ii) obtaining
the present value of each component with a specific risk-adjusted discount rate. The
value of the project is obtained as the sum of the present values so obtained. Alternatively,
the different components can be corrected for their respective risk to obtain their
certainty equivalents. The value of the project is then obtained as the sum of those certainty
equivalents discounted at the unique, observable, identical, risk free rate
A Real Options Analysis of TransEuropean Telecommunications Wireline Video Deployment
L'objectif de ce cahier est de montrer comment la mĂ©thodologie des options rĂ©elles peut ĂȘtre appliquĂ©e pour Ă©valuer les projets d'investissement de TransEurope Communications (TEC). Bien que rĂ©aliste, l'investissement considĂ©rĂ© ici est purement fictif. La conclusion principale de l'exercice est Ă l'effet qu'on ne peut pas concevoir une stratĂ©gie d'investissement optimale si on n'Ă©value pas de maniĂšre explicite la flexibilitĂ© managĂ©riale de façon appropriĂ©e.The goal of this paper is to demonstrate how the RO methodology can be applied to evaluate TransEurope Communications (TEC) investment projects. Although realistic, the business case analysed here is fictional. The main conclusion and lesson of this exercise is: One cannot determine a value maximizing investment strategy if one does not value managerial flexibility in an appropriate way
Ăvaluation options rĂ©elles du projet VEGA de Northern Canada Gas
Nous avons procédé à une évaluation du projet VEGA de Northern Canada Gas (NCG) dans le but de montrer comment l'approche options réelles peut s'appliquer à ce type de projet. Bien que réaliste, cette étude est basée sur un cas fictif. Ainsi, elle se veut plutÎt exploratoire quant à l'application éventuelle de l'approche à l'évaluation des investissements
Error-Tolerant Anytime Approach to Plan Recognition Using a Particle Filter
Classical plan recognition approaches require restrictive assumptions and are generally off-line. However, many real-world plan recognition applications must deal with real-time constraints, noisy information, temporal relations in actions, agent preferences, and so on. Many existing approaches have tried to relax assumptions, but none can deal with the above-cited needs. This paper proposes an extension of previous works on plan recognition based on plan tree grammar. Our anytime topdown approach uses a particle filter. This approach manages to give a quick reliable solution to the plan recognition problem while dealing with noisy observations and without reducing the expressiveness of plan libraries. Empirical results on simulated problems show the efficiency of our approach
Logs analysis of adapted pedagogical scenarios generated by a simulation serious game architecture
This paper presents an architecture designed for simulation serious games, which automatically generates game-based scenarios adapted to learner's learning progression. We present three central modules of the architecture: (1) the learner model, (2) the adaptation module and (3) the logs module. The learner model estimates the progression of the development of skills targeted in the game. The adaptation module uses this estimation to automatically plan an adapted sequence of in-game situations optimizing learning. We implemented our architecture in Game of Homes, a simulation serious game, which aims to train adults the basics of real estate. We build a scripted-based version of Game of Homes in order to compare the impact of scripted-based scenarios versus generated scenarios on learning progression. We qualitatively analyzed logs files of thirty-six adults who played Game of Homes for 90 minutes. The main results highlighted the specificity of the generated pedagogical scenarios for each learner and, more specifically, the optimization of the guidance provided and of the presentation of the learning content throughout the game