52 research outputs found

    Target State Analysis Based on a Single Ping in Active Sonar

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    Construction and characterization of an improved recombinant baculovirus producing polyhedra that contain Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac crystal protein

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    Thesis (master`s)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :농생λͺ…곡학뢀,2004.For the enhancement of insecticidal activity in wt AcNPV and the reduction of side-effect on environment in recombinant baculovirus, an improved recombinant baculovirus, Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcNPV) producing polyhedra with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac crystal protein and having a potential of returning to wt AcNPV in several passage, has been constructed and characterized. The toxic domain of Bt cry1Ac gene was inserted between two polyhedrin genes which were cloned in tandem into pBacPAK8 under the control of polyhedrin promoter and the resulted construct, pBactrus was used as transfer vector. By the cotransfection of parental virus, bAcGOZA and pBactrus, the recombinant baculovirus named as Bactrus was constructed. SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis of polyhedra produced by Bactrus in insect cells showed that it expressed a 130 kDa of fusion protein and what is more, 30 kDa of polyhedrin resulted from a homologous recombinantion. The Bactrus produced recombinant polyhedra which were nearly similar to those of wt AcNPV. The Insecticidal activity of recombinant polyhedra against fall armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) larvae was similar to that of wt AcNPV, but for the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) larvae, it showed a significantly higher pathogenicity in comparison with those of wt AcNPV. In SDS-PAGE, expression level of fusion protein was decreased along serial passage. But the decrease of fusion protein expression was smaller in Sf-9 cells infected with Bactrus passaged at 10 multiplicity of infection (MOI) than that passaged at 1 MOI. Also insecticidal activity of recombinant polyhedra produced by the Bactrus passaged at 1 and 10 MOI against P. xylostella larvae was decreased along serial passage with similar trend to the result in SDS-PAGE. The production of recombinant polyhedra by the Bactrus was examined with Sf-9, Sf-21, Tn5, Se301 and High-Five cells with monolayer and suspension culture system. In monolayer culture, the largest amount of fusion protein was expressed in Se301 cells. However the highest expression of fusion protein in suspension culture was observed in High-Five cells when infected with 5 MOI and the optimal cell density on time of infection was 3.0Γ—105 cells per ml.Maste

    (The) identification of hospital administrative problems in the health insurance system in Korea

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    보건학과/석사[ν•œκΈ€] μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜μ€ 일반 λ¬Όλ³΄ν—˜κ³ΌλŠ” 달리 λ³΄ν—˜μžμ™€ ν”Όλ³΄ν—˜μž 및 ν˜„λ¬Ό κΈ‰μ—¬(μ§„λ£Œ)λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” μš”μ–‘ κΈ°κ΄€λ“± 3자 κ΄€κ³„λ‘œ μ„±λ¦½λœλ‹€. μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜μ€ λ˜ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒ 개발 및 의료보μž₯의 μΌν™˜μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ 경제체(μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜ κ°€μž… λŠ₯λ ₯자)κ°€ κ²°ν•© ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ†Œλ“ μˆ˜μ€€μ΄ ν˜•ν‰μžˆλŠ” ν–₯상이 첫째 성립 μš”κ±΄μ΄λ©°, ν˜„λ¬ΌκΈ‰μ—¬(μ§„λ£Œ)λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  μ˜λ£Œμžμ›μ˜ κ· ν˜•μžˆλŠ” λ°œμ „μ΄ λ‘˜μ§Έ 성립 μš”κ±΄μ΄ 라 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 2년여에 전체 ꡭ민의 21%λ₯Ό ν¬κ΄„ν•˜κ²Œ 된 μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ˜ μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜μ€ μœ„μ˜ 2개 μ„±λ¦½μš”κ±΄ 쀑 ν”Όλ³΄ν—˜μžμ˜ 관리 및 λ³΄ν—˜μž(곡단)의 섀립, μš΄μ˜λ“±μ€ 별 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜ μš”μ–‘κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ ν˜„λ¬Ό κΈ‰μ—¬λŠ” μ˜λ£Œμžμ›μ˜ 빈곀과 κ· ν˜•μžˆλŠ” 뢄포 및 μ§„λ£Œμˆ˜κ°€μ˜ μ €λ ΄, 그리고 μ—…λ¬΄λŸ‰μ˜ 폭주둜 μƒλ‹Ήν•œ 어렀움을 κ²ͺκ³  μžˆλ‹€. μˆ˜μ§„λ£Œ μ²­κ΅¬μ„œμž‘μ„± 업무 κ³Όλ‹€λ‘œ 곡무원 및 사립학ꡐ ꡐ직원 μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜μ΄ μ‹€μ‹œ 된 1979λ…„ 1μ›” 이후 λŒ€κ°œμ˜ μ’…ν•©λ³‘μ›μ˜ μ²­κ΅¬μ„œ μž‘μ„± μ œμΆœμ€ 평균 2κ°œμ›” 이 μ—°μ²΄λ˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄ 병원 운영의 문제점이 되고 μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜ 사무 μ—…λ¬΄μ˜ 제반 λ¬Έμ œμ μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜λ©° μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜ λ„μž…μœΌλ‘œ 인해 μ’…ν•© 병원이 μ–΄λ–€ μš΄μ˜μƒμ˜ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆλŠ”κ°€λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜λ €λŠ”λ° κ·Έ λͺ©μ μ΄ μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ W쒅합병원을 연ꡬ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜ ν™˜μžκ°€ λ‚΄μ›ν•˜μ—¬ 그에 κ΄€ν•œ 기둝이 μž‘μ„±λ˜κ³  μ²­κ΅¬μ„œκ°€ μ™„λ£Œλ˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€μ˜ 과정에 문제점이 μ–΄λ–€ 것이 μžˆλŠ” κ°€λ₯Ό μ‘° 사 μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ‹€λ¬΄μžμ™€μ˜ λ©΄μ ‘ 및 싀무에 직접 μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ³  κ²½ν—˜ν•˜κ³  κ΄€μ°°ν•œ κ²° 과와 μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ 제반 톡계 자료λ₯Ό 정리 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜ λ„μž…μ΄ 행정상에 μ–΄λ–  ν•œ 문제λ₯Ό μ•ΌκΈ°μ‹œν‚€λŠ”κ°€λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ—°κ΅¬λ˜μ–΄μ§„ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λŒ€λž΅ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 1. μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜ μ²­κ΅¬μ„œ μž‘μ„±μ˜ 1건당 μ΅œμ†Œ 평균 μ†Œμš” μ‹œκ°„μ€ 49뢄이닀. μ΄λŠ” μΌλ°˜ν™˜μž κΈ° 둝 정리에 λ“œλŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ™Έμ— κ³Όμ™Έλ‘œ μ†Œμš”λ˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ΄λ‹€. μ²­κ΅¬μ„œ μ„œμ‹μ˜ λ³΅μž‘μ„± 및 κΈ°μž¬λŸ‰ κ³Όλ‹€λ‘œ μš”μ–‘κΈ°κ΄€ μ‚¬λ¬΄λŸ‰ κ³Όλ‹€μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ μ„ μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜μ—¬ λ‚˜ μ•„κ°€μ„œλŠ” μ΄λŠ” 병원 μš΄μ˜λ©΄μ—λ„ 영ν–₯을 미치고 있음이 λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 즉 μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜μ˜ λ„μž…μœΌλ‘œ 인해 직원을 λ³„λ„λ‘œ μ±„μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜ 업무λ₯Ό μ „λ‹΄ν•˜κ²Œν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ³Όμ™Έμ˜ 문제λ₯Ό μ•ΌκΈ°μ‹œμΌ°λ‹€. 2. μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜ λ„μž…κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ 병원 μš΄μ˜λΉ„μ˜ 쀑심이 λ˜λŠ” 인건비 μ§€μΆœμ„ λΆ„μ„ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό, μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜ λ‹΄λ‹Ή μ‚¬λ¬΄μ§μ›μ˜ 인건비가 μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜ μˆ˜μž… μ΄μ•‘μ˜ 15% 정도 높은 ꡬ성비λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€ λƒˆλ‹€. 3. μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜ μˆ˜μ§„μžμ˜ 25%κ°€ 본인 λΆ€λ‹΄κΈˆ 600원 λ―Έλ§Œμ΄λ‹€. 이듀은 쒅합병원에 μ˜€μ§€μ•Šμ•„ 도 치료 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ§ˆλ³‘μ΄λ‹€. 즉 μ΄λ“€μ˜ μ§ˆλ³‘λͺ…은 95%κ°€ β€œκ΄€μ°°β€μ΄λΌλŠ” μ§ˆλ³‘λͺ…을 κ°–κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 4. μ¦‰μ‹œλΆˆ ν™˜μžλŠ” 쀄어듀고(47%), μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜, 의료보호, μ‚°μž¬λ³΄ν—˜, μžλ™μ°¨λ³΄ν—˜λ“± ν›„μ‹œλΆˆ ν™˜μžλŠ” λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€(53%). μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 점으둜 미루어 λ³Ό λ•Œ μš”μ–‘κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ 운영 μ²΄μ œμƒμ˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ³€ν˜κ³Ό μ „ν™˜μ μ΄ 이룩되 μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ£Œλœλ‹€. [영문] The health insurance, unlike other insurances, is composed of three parties: the insurer, the subscribers and the health care providers. The health card insurance as a segment of the entire national social welfare requires two major criteria: the equitable development of the economic standards where insurees are capable of organizing a body for their purposes, and the availability of the health care resources. The Korean health insurance, only two years old, has subscribers covering 21 per cent of entire population, Considering the short history of the programs, it satisfactorily achieved the first requirement mentioned above. However, the second requirement needs a much improvements and readjustment. Some of the problems indicated by the study are: lack of health care facilities and its geographical maldistribution, low rate of reimbursement costs, and the claims process in both workload and paper-work flows. The delayed reimbursement caused additional manpower of clerical personnel and the financial burden to the health care institutions. The purpose of this study is to find and analyze the hospital administrative problem areas of the current health insurance system, and to seek its solutions. The objectives were to identify problems and the causes of such problem in the process from the patients registration to the mailing out the bills for the reimbursement. The research was based on the actual experience in the "W" hospital, a 200 bed general hospital. The process of the study included interviews with all related clerical personnel in all levels, analysis of the paperwork process, and the personal observations throughout the entire process. The necessary data were retrieved, analyzed, and concluded with the following findings. 1. Minimum time to complete on billing required 49 minutes. 2. The cost of the personnel hired exclusively for the insurance billing showed a 15 per cent of total amount billed. 3. A 25 per cent of the beneficiaries visited the outpatient clinic paid less than 600 won the minimum deductable amount. 4. The proportion of cash-payment and billing patients showed 47 and 53 per cent respectively. The author suggests a readjustment and simplification of the paperwork process are absolutely necessary for the efficiency and the effectiveness for the more successful insurance programs in the future.restrictio

    Brand loyalty, product differentiation, and competition

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    Thesis(master`s)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :κ²½μ œν•™λΆ€ κ²½μ œν•™μ „κ³΅,2004.Maste

    μ£Όμœ λ™ λ‚œλ₯˜κ°•λ„κ°€ 원톡 μ£Όμœ„μ˜ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ „λ‹¬μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯에 κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :기계곡학과,1997.Maste

    Effect of Bias for Snapshots Using Minimum Variance Processor in MFP

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    Performance Analysis of a 1KW Class Industrial Gas Turbine Engine

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    Detection Range of Passive Sonar System in Range-Dependent Ocean Environment

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