사람 정자에서 DNA 분절 정도의 예측 인자로서 저장액 내에서 보이는 특이 꼬리 팽창 유형

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의과대학 의학과, 2020. 8. 지병철 .The aim of this study was to investigate DNA fragmentation status in human spermatozoa according to specific tail swelling patterns determined via hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST). Frozen semen samples from 21 healthy donors were thawed and prepared by the swim-up technique for use in intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The semen samples were treated for 5 minutes as part of the HOST procedure and then underwent the sperm chromatin dispersion test using a Halosperm kit. DNA fragmentation status (large halo, medium halo, small halo, no halo, or degraded) and the specific tail swelling pattern (a–g) were assessed at the level of a single spermatozoon. A total of 42,000 spermatozoa were analyzed, and the percentage of spermatozoa without DNA fragmentation (as evidenced by a large or medium halo) was assessed according to the specific tail swelling patterns observed. The HOST examinations showed that 98% of spermatozoa across all types displayed no DNA fragmentation. The percentage of spermatozoa without DNA fragmentation was 100% in type d, 98.67% in type g, and 98.17% in type f spermatozoa. We found that the type d spermatozoa displayed no DNA fragmentation, but the other types of spermatozoa also displayed very low rates of DNA fragmentation. This result may be associated with the processing of the spermatozoa by density gradient centrifugation and the swim-up technique.본 연구는 사람 정자에서 저장액팽창검사 (hypo-osmotic swelling test)를 시행하였을 때 보이는 특이 정자 꼬리 팽창 유형에 따라 DNA 분절 정도를 알아보고자 하였다. 21명의 건강한 기증자로부터 채취하여 밀도구배 원심분리 (density gradient centrifugation) 후 동결 보관해두었던 정액 검체를 해동한 후 부유법 (swim-up technique)을 통하여 처리하였다. 처리한 정액 검체에 대하여 5분 동안 저장액팽창검사를 시행한 후, Halosperm kit를 이용하여 정자 염색질 분산 검사 (sperm chromatin dispersion test)를 시행하였다. 단일 정자 수준에서 특이 꼬리 팽창 유형 (a-g)과 DNA 분절 정도 (large halo, medium halo, small halo, no halo, or degraded)를 평가하였다. 총 42,000개의 정자를 분석하였으며, 특이 꼬리 팽창 유형을 관찰한 뒤 각 유형별로 DNA 분절이 없는 정자 (large halo 혹은 medium halo를 보이는 경우)의 백분율을 분석하였다. 저장액팽창검사 시행 후 DNA 분절이 없는 정자의 백분율은 d 유형에서 100%, g 유형에서 98.67%, 그리고 f 유형의 정자에서 98.17%였다. 본 연구에 이용한 모든 정자를 대상으로 DNA 분절이 없는 정자의 백분율을 분석하였을 때 그 수치는 98%이었다. 본 연구를 통해 d 유형의 정자에서 DNA 분절이 없다는 것을 보여주었고, 다른 유형의 정자 또한 매우 낮은 DNA 분절을 보인다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 정자를 밀도구배 원심분리와 부유법으로 처리한 것과 관련이 있을 것으로 사료된다.introduction 6 Methods 8 Results 12 Discussion 14 References 17 국문초록 19Maste

A New Method of Screening for Diabetic Neuropathy using Laser Doppler and Photoplethysmography

의과대학/박사The purpose of this study is to suggest a simple, new method of screening for diabetic neuropathy. We measured blood volume changes by photoplethysmography (PPG) and blood perfusion by laser Doppler (LD) in the index fingers and big toes in 40 control subjects and in 50 (19 mild, 17 moderate, and 14 severe based on the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) test) and 35 diabetic patients with and without neuropathy, respectively. According to the results of PPG and LD measurements, the toe to finger ratios obtained from the neuropathic group were significantly higher than those from the control (p<0.001) and the non-neuropathic groups (p<0.001). Based on the NCV, the sensitivity of the LD method (92.0%) was higher than that of the PPG method (84.0%) for both left and right sides. Although specificity of the LD (92.8%) was also higher than the PPG (84.3%) bilaterally, the PPG showed better reproducibility (5.5% versus 9.5%) and a significant ratio increase with severity, while the LD did not. Our suggested PPG method using the toe to finger ratio is reliable, simple, economical, and accurate, and could become a new effective screening tool for the early detection of diabetic neuropathy.ope

A Resolution Enhancement Technique for Remote Monitoring of the Vital Signs of Multiple Subjects Using a 24 Ghz Bandwidth-Limited FMCW Radar

This study proposes a novel signal processing method for detecting the vital signs of multiple adjacent subjects using a 24 GHz frequency modulated continuous wave Doppler radar. Radar-based vital signs sensors have attracted significant attention because of their contactless and unobtrusive mode of measurement. However, limited-bandwidth, fixed-beam systems have been restricted to single subjects because a high resolution is required to detect the vital signs of multiple adjacent subjects. As the range resolution is determined by the frequency bandwidth, a novel method is proposed that doubles the effective frequency bandwidth by using a modified waveform. The proposed method can distinguish between two subjects sitting 40 cm apart, overcoming the 60 cm Rayleigh resolution for a frequency bandwidth of 250 MHz. The computational complexity of the proposed method is considerably low when compared with high-resolution algorithms such as the multiple signal classification algorithm. Furthermore, the method easily suppresses stationary clutter by using phase deviation. To validate the performance of the proposed method, experiments were conducted with two subjects lying side by side on a bed. The results indicate the excellent performance, with enhanced range and high detection accuracy. This method has many potential applications, including monitoring infants and sleep apnea patients.ope

Traveling Salesman Problem with a Drone Station

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 공과대학 산업공학과, 2018. 2. 문일경.The importance of drone delivery services is increasing. However, the operational aspects of drone delivery services have not been studied extensively. Specifically, with respect to truck-drone systems, researchers have not given sufficient attention to drone facilities because of the limited drone flight range around a distribution center. In this paper, we propose a truck-drone system to overcome the flight-range limitation. We define a drone station as the facility where drones and charging devices are stored, usually far away from the package distribution center. The traveling salesman problem with a drone station (TSP-DS) is developed based on mixed integer programming. Fundamental features of the TSP-DS are analyzed and route distortion is defined. We show that the model can be divided into independent traveling salesman and parallel identical machine scheduling problems for which we derive two solution approaches. Computational experiments with randomly generated instances show the characteristics of the TSP-DS and suggest that our decomposition approaches effectively deal with TSP-DS complexity problems.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Literature Review 5 Chapter 3. Truck-drone routing Problem 9 3.1 Notation 10 3.2 Mathematical formulation 12 Chapter 4. Fundamental Features of the TSP-DS 14 4.1 Route distortion 14 4.2 Condition for the elimination of route distortion 18 4.3 Decomposition of the TSP-DS 20 Chapter 5. Computational Experiments 24 5.1 Computation times 25 5.2 Comparison between the TSP-DS and TSP 28 5.3 Number of drones in a drone station 30 5.4 Discussion 32 Chapter 6. Conclusions 33 References 35 초록 40Maste

An exploratory study of English teacher expertise: A case for the collaborative reflection of the teacher, colleagues, and students.

The current study explores the potential of the collaborative reflection of the teacher, colleagues, and students in promoting teacher expertise. To this effect, the authors first created a principled set of checklists on six domains of teacher expertise by synthesizing relevant literature. Then they developed protocols for collaborative reflection. These tools were applied to a middle school English teachers reflective practice, involving the teacher participating in stimulated recall sessions of her own classes, writing reflection journals, and receiving feedback from her colleagues and students. The results show that collaborative reflection has high potentials for mediating the teachers cognitive and affective changes, leading to behavioral ones. This suggests that collaborative reflection, when relevant institutional prerequisites are met, can take an instrumental role in promoting teacher expertise

Characterist

Maste

(The) effects of single event multi-level chemoneurolysis on upper extremity functional improvement in chi

의학과/석사[한글] 뇌성마비 환아에서 경직의 치료를 위하여 전통적으로 페놀 주사가 사용되어 왔으며, 최근 들어 치료의 효과와 안전성에 관한 연구가 증가하면서 보툴리눔 독소 주사가 널리 사용되고 있다. 보다 효과적인 경직의 치료를 위하여 보툴리눔 독소와 페놀 주사를 한번에 시행하는 single event multi-level chemoneurolysis (SEMLC) 방법이 소개되었고 이를 이용하면 보다 많은 근육에 대한 치료가 가능할 수 있다.이에 본 연구에서는 관리화 임상 연구(controlled clinical study) 방법을 이용하여 경직성 뇌성마비 환아를 대상으로 상지에 대한 SEMLC를 시행하여 경직의 감소와 상지 기능의 향상이 어느 정도로 나타나는지 알아보고자 하였다.SEMLC는 보툴리눔 독소 A형(botox&reg;)과 5% 페놀 용액을 이용하였고, 정맥 마취 하에 경직성 뇌성마비 환아 22명의 상지에 운동점을 찾아서 시행하였다. 대조군은 경직성 뇌성마비 환아 17명이었다. 경직의 평가는 modified Ashworth scale을 이용하였고 상지의 기능 평가는 QUEST(Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test)를 이용하였으며, 치료 전과 4주 후에 각각 평가하였다.결과는 다음과 같았다.1. 실험군에서 SEMLC 후 4주에 평가한 결과 상지의 경직이 의미 있게 줄었으며(p0.05).4. 실험군에서 상지의 기능 호전에 영향을 미친 변수는 초기의 QUEST 점수로서, 상지의 기능이 낮은 환아 일수록 SEMLC를 시행하였을 때 기능의 호전 정도가 더 큰 것을 알 수 있었다(r=-0.437, p<0.05).이상의 결과로 보아 경직성 뇌성마비 환아에서 보툴리눔 독소와 페놀을 함께 사용하는 SEMLC 치료를 시행하면, 경직의 감소와 함께 상지 기능의 의미 있는 호전이 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 상지 기능의 저하가 심한 환아일수록 SEMLC로 인한 치료 효과가 더 좋은 것으로 나타나, 심한 기능 장애를 보이는 경직성 뇌성마비환아에서 경직의 치료를 보다 적극적으로 시행할 필요가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. [영문]Spasticity is one of the most disabling symptoms in children with cerebral palsy. Botulinum toxin injection and motor point block with phenol have been used to reduce spasticity. Combining therapy with botulinum toxin and phenol at a time (single event multi-level chemoneurolysis) allowed us to treat muscles of multiple level. We conducted a prospective controlled clinical study to investigate the effects of single event multi-level chemoneurolysis (SEMLC) on the upper extremity function along with the improvement of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.SEMLC using botulinum toxin type A(botox&reg;) and 5% phenol solution was done for the upper extremity of 22 children with spastic cerebral palsy under IV anesthesia. In the control group, 17 children with spastic cerebral palsy were enrolled. The assessment of spasticity (modified Ashworth scale) and upper extremity function(QUEST) before and 4 weeks after treatment were examined.The results were as follows;1. The spasticity of upper extremity was significantly reduced in SEMLC group 4 weeks after treatment, but not changed in the control group(p<0.05).2. The improvement of upper extremity function represented by change of QUEST was significantly greater in SEMLC group than in the control group(p<0.05).3. Children with spastic triplegia showed the largest change of QUEST compared with children with other types of disabilities such as hemiplegia and quadriplegia, but it wasn’t statistically significant.4. In SEMLC group, initial QUEST score and the degree of improvement of QUEST after treatment showed significant negative correlation(r=-0.437, p<0.05).This study revealed SEMLC of the upper extremity in children with cerebral palsy was the effective treatment which could improve the upper extremity function as well as reduce the spasticity itself.ope

최적화 기법에 기반한 차량 제어망 설계 및 차량 제어

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 전기. 컴퓨터공학부, 2011.8. 서승우.Docto

RF 전력 증폭기의 성능 개선에 관한 연구

Docto

Histomorphometric and ultrastructural changes in expanded skeletal muscle in rats

의학과/박사[한글] 조직확장은 성형외과의 재건술영역에서 큰 도움이 되는 수법으로 같은 개체에서 이식전 확장을 시도하여 점 점 큰 호응을 얻고 있다. 초기의 조직확장은 피부에 국한되어 있었으나 골격근을 확장시켜 사용하는 수술은 근래에 와서 관심을 끌고 있다. 그러나 이에대한 기초적 실험이 미흡하여 실제로 근육의 부피가 증가하는 것인지, 또는 증가하였다면 근원섬유마디가 늘어나게 되는 것인지, 늘린 후 병적인 변화는 나타나지 않는가 하는 의문들이 제기될 수 있다. 본 실험은 그러한 기초적 조직형태학적 변화를 형태적인 것 뿐만이 아니라 정량적으로 분석하여 과학적인 자료를 얻어 이를 뒷받침하고자 하였다. 흰쥐의 광배근을 확장기를 이용하여 3주간 확장시킨 후, 1 주 기다린 군(1주)과 3주 기다린 군(3주)과 6주 기다린 (6주) 군을 광학현미경으로 관찰하고 근세포단면적을 계측하였고, 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.광학현미경 소견으로 3주까지는 별다른 소견이 없었으나 6주에는 주위 근섬유를 둘러싸는 형태의 섬유가 나타났고, 내부핵이 관찰되기도 하였으며, 근섬유분지 등이 나타났다. 2.전자현미경 소견으로 1주군부터 6주군까지 Z-line이 일렬로 배열하지 못하고 계단형의 배열을 하는 정도의 변화를 보일 뿐, 근세사들은 정상적인 배열상태를 나타내고 있었다. 3. 근섬유형별 단면적 계측 결과 A형은 1주부터 감소되어 3주까지 계속 감소하였으며 B형은 3주에 가장 많이 감소되었고 C형은 큰 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 반면 6주 후에는 세종류의 섬유 모두 대조군에 비해 증가되었고 특히 C형의 단면적이 크게 증가하였다. 따라서 위의 결과를 종합해 보면 근육확장술 후 이식에 사용하기 위하여는 확장후 즉시 사용하기보다는 3주 확장하고 6주 기다려서 사용하는 것이 가장 바람직하다고 생각된다. [영문] Tissue expansion is an excellent method in aiding reconstructive surgery and the pretransfer expansion in a same individual has gained increasing acceptance. Earlier expansion was confined to skin, and in these moment skeletal muscle expansion methods are now in attention. However, there are no basic studies referring this and there are several questions whether there are actual increase in muscle volume and increase in number of sarcomere or there are pathological changes after expansion. This experiment was performed to get the histomorphological data, not only confined to morphological changes but also to the quantitative analysis. Latissimus dorsi muscle was expanded far 3 week and the animals were observed after 1 week (1 week group), 3 weeks (3 week group) and 6 weeks (6 week group) and microscopic observation and morphometry have been done by light microscope and electron microscope. The results obtained are as follows: 1. There are no pathological findings until 3 week observation and central nuclei, neighbor surrounding fibers and fiber splitting were observed in 6 week group. 2. In electron microscopic finding, the Z-line showed stepwise arrangement in all the experimental group, however, the myofilaments showed normal arrangement. 3. In the measurement of each type of skeletal muscle fibers, A type showed decreasing tendency from 1 week group and continued to decrease until 3 week group. B type showed marked decrease in 3 week group and C type showed no changes until 3 week group. However, all three types were increased in 6 week group and especially C type showed tremendous hypertrophy. Summarizing the above data, muscle transplantation after expansion is most appropriate in 3 week expansion and 3 week observation.restrictio