湘中山地土壤线虫(Nematoda)生态地理群的研究

作者对湖南南岳衡山和长沙岳麓山土壤线虫进行了两年多的定位研究,共获得18511条土壤线虫标本.经分类鉴定,计有24个种,分属6目10科18届

Application of the fluid-structure interaction technique in the design of a giant sculpture

在某大型雕塑作品的设计中,风力作用下雕塑结构的顶点位移至关重要,它决定了作品能否实现预想中风吹草舞的景观效果。由于该雕塑不是单一结构,它的各组成部分之间的流场干扰将对风荷载下的结构响应产生较大的影响,所以为了对景观效果进行预测,同时进一步验证结构在设计风速下的安全性,在按规范进行风荷载校核之外,该文建立了一种流固耦合的计算技术,对雕塑结构进行了细致的分析。首先将该耦合方法应用于单一结构进行验证分析,通过结构顶点最大位移的计算值与规范估算公式所得值的比较验证了该文方法的准确性;在此基础上针对复杂雕塑结构进行了耦合分析,给出了在不同强风条件下结构顶点的位移响应特性;然后对不同风强条件下的安全性进行了评估,确立了该雕塑作品在实际风条件下的适用性

夜间低温对红树幼苗光合特性的影响

以温室栽培秋茄（Ｋａｎｄｅｌｉａｃａｎｄｅｌ）和木榄（Ｂｒｕｇｕｉｅｒａｇｙｍｎｏｒｒｈｉｚａ）幼苗为材料，每日傍晚１９：００至次日８：００进行１３ｈ５℃和１０℃夜间低温处理，白天将材料移至温室．室温恢复１ｈ和４ｈ，分别测定功能叶的净光合速率、气孔导率、蒸腾速率和叶绿素含量．结果表明：夜间低温明显降低秋茄和木榄幼苗的净光合速率，５℃处理抑制程度大于１０℃．白天常温恢复时间增长，净光合速率回升．１０℃处理１～５ｄ，秋茄和木榄幼苗叶净光合速率的抑制程度逐渐下降，其中秋茄幼苗叶的净光合速率恢复能力强于木榄．低温处理过程中，秋茄和木榄叶净光合速率与气孔导率和蒸腾速率均呈线性关系，表明红树叶光合碳获得的减少与叶片水分丢失同时进行，气孔导率是控制光合碳合成和蒸腾水分丢失动态平衡的主要因

基于表面增强拉曼光谱的合成色素专利蓝V的快速检测

食品安全问题一直是社会和广大群众关注的焦点问题,食品安全现状较为严峻,因此实现食品中有害物质的快速检测具有重要的实际意义。合成色素是一种常见的食品添加剂,然而合成色素的超标添加和非法添加依旧是食品安全中的重要问题之一,极大地危害人民群众的身体健康和食品工业的健康发展。常见的合成色素检测方法,均存在耗时长、费用高等缺点,不适应于合成色素的实时监测和快速筛查。为克服传统方法的缺点,提出利用表面增强拉曼光谱检测技术对合成色素进行检测,该方法具有检测速度快、检测灵敏度高等优点,能够达到现场实时检测的目的。此外,由于拉曼检测方法往往依赖于复杂的样品前处理操作,而常见的固相萃取技术一般依赖于人工操作,过程复杂且耗时较长,严重影响食品快速检测效率。因此,开发了一种全自动固相萃取装置,通过设计嵌入式硬件电路系统及其软件,精确控制蠕动泵流速和多路阀门开关实现了活化、上样、淋洗、洗脱四个步骤的全自动操作和参数控制,从而达到食品样品的全自动快速固相萃取。在实验部分,配制不同专利蓝V浓度的果汁饮料,然后利用该装置对果汁中的专利蓝V进行前处理,对萃取柱填料和萃取中各个步骤的时间和试剂进行了合理的选择,利用表面增强拉曼光谱检测技术成功地检测了合成色素中的专利蓝V。实验结果表明,所研制的自动固相萃取装置对比传统手工萃取,每个样品节省了近一半的萃取时间（10 min降为5 min）且能够同时处理5个样品,萃取时间稳定不易受人为因素影响,从而极大地提高了萃取效率和稳定性。此外,通过自动萃取获得的样品,对比手工萃取操作,因其受外界干扰相对较小,能够得到更强的拉曼光谱信号（约增强50%）,获得了满意的萃取效果。对不同浓度的专利蓝V样品的结果显示,该方法能够实现检出质量浓度在0.5 mg·L-1水平,可有效满足现场监测需求。具有快速、方便、灵敏度高等特点。国家自然科学基金项目(21874113)资

Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice with Locally Administered Epirubicin-loaded Poly(D,L)-lactic Acid Microspheres

[中文文摘]目的研究表柔比星-聚乳酸缓释微球(EPI-PLA-MS)局部给药治疗肝癌的效果。方法复乳-溶剂挥发法制备EPI-PLA-MS。将40只昆明小鼠随机分为5组,每组8只,分别腹腔注射不同剂量的游离表柔比星(FEPI),计算最大耐受量(MTD)。H22皮下实体瘤肝癌荷瘤小鼠3组,每组5只,分别用生理盐水(normalsaline,NS)、空白微球和含药微球(含EPI9mg/kg)瘤内注射给药,2周后取瘤称重。H22腹水型肝癌荷瘤小鼠3组,每组5只,分别用NS、空白微球和含药微球(含EPI9mg/kg)腹腔注射给药,计算动物生命延长率。结果FEPI腹腔注射的MTD为9mg/kg。EPI-PLA-MS瘤内给药后含药微球组和空白微球组的抑瘤率分别为40.35%和36.09%。腹腔给药后能显著延长荷瘤鼠的生存时间,含药微球组和空白微球组生命延长率分别为153.49%和142.22%。结论EPI-PLA-MS是一种有效低毒的药物新剂型,在局部治疗肝癌方面具有良好的临床应用前景。[英文文摘]Objective To study the effectiveness of treating hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in mice with locally administered epirubicin-loaded poly(D,L)-lactic acid microspheres(EPI-PLA-MS).Methods EPI-PLA-MS was prepared with double emulsion solvent evaporation technique.Five groups of mice(n=8 in each group)were intraperitoneally injected with five different doses of free epirubicin(FEPI),and the maximum tolerated dose(MTD)was calculated.Then 15 mice with transplanted subcutaneous H 22 HCC were divided into three group s ( n = 5) , which were respectively intratumorally injected with normal saline (NS) , blank micro-spheres, and EPI-PLA-MS (with 9mg/kg of EPI) 1 After two weeks the tumorswere excised and weighed1 Another 15 mice with transp lanted H22 ascites HCC were divided into three groups (n=5) , which were intraperitonealy injected with the same drugs, and the increased life span were registered exactly1 Resutls　TheMTD of intraperito neally injected FEPIwas 9mg/kg1 The tumour inhibiting rateswas 40135% and 36109% when EPI-PLA-MS were administered by intratumoral injection to the mice with subcutaneous H22 HCC1 It significantly p rolonged the survival time of mice with H22 ascites HCC and the increased life span by 153149% and 142122% when EPI-PLA-MS were intraperitoneally administered1 Conclusion　EPI-PLA-MS is a new sustained release preparation with high-ef-ficacy and low-toxicity in treating HCC and has shown promising prospects when administerd locally

Mechanism and kinetics of cellobiose hydrogenation catalyzed by Ru/CNT

联系人及第一作者: 谭雪松( 1985- ),男, 硕士, 助理研究员。[中文文摘]引言化石资源的日益枯竭,使得人们对从可再生生物质资源合成化学品和燃料的研究给予了广泛关注[1-2]。木质纤维素是地球上分布最广、产量最多的生物质资源之一。纤维素由葡萄糖通过β-1,4糖苷键连接而成,其分子的刚性结构和高度结晶性使其成为最难转化的多糖[3]。目前通过高温气化或热解转化纤维素为合成气等燃料的工艺过程已经建立[4]。但在温和条件下通过平台分子继而生成油品或化学品的过程还有待开发。山梨醇是纤维素转化中有价值的平台分子之一,可以在较温和条件下通过水汽重整和费托合成等方法合成烷烃燃油和化学品[5-6]。因而,对纤维素催化加氢制备山梨醇的研究将有助于纤维素的有效利用。Fukuoka等[7]报道了在水相体系下,铂/氧化铝催化剂催化纤维素加氢制备山梨醇的反应,在190℃反应24h,山梨醇的收率为25%。Liu等[8]利用高温水形成的独特酸性质,以钌/活性炭为催化剂,245℃反应得到山梨醇,收率为30%。Deng等[9]利用碳纳米管优异的氢吸脱附与溢流性质,以Ru/CNT为催化剂,在185℃反应24h,山梨醇收率达到36%。虽然在催化纤维素加氢制山梨醇的研究方面已取得一定成果,但山梨醇收率不高(<40%),高效催化体系 依旧缺乏, 开展相关基础研究仍十分必要。纤维二 糖是纤维素的次级结构单元, 由两个葡萄糖通过 β-1,4糖苷键连接而成。由于纤维二糖结构与纤维 素类似, 且易于溶解, 故可用于研究纤维素转化的 模型分子[ 10-11] 。 本研究考察了以Ru/ CNT 为催化剂, 水相条 件下催化纤维二糖加氢制备山梨醇的反应。推导了 纤维二糖转化反应机理, 建立了纤维二糖催化加氢 反应的动力学模型, 可为纤维素的催化加氢研究提 供指导。[英文文摘]The production of chemicals or fuels from renewable biomass resources especially cellulose has attracted much attention because of the worldwide demand for less dependence on fossil resources.However,the direct utilization of cellulose is still a challenge because of its robust crystalline structure.Herein,the hydrogenation of cellobiose,a typical cellulose,over carbon nanotube supported ruthenium catalyst (Ru/CNT) was reported.The mechanism of cellobiose conversion was proposed and the kinetic equation was obtained. Based on the kinetic experiments carried out in the range 120- 185℃ under 5. 0 MPa H2 , the reaction rate constants and activation energies of each reaction step in cellobiose hydrogenation were obtained with MATLAB, in which the activation energy for hydroly sis and hydrogenolysis of cellobio se was est imated as 147.1 kJ·mol- 1 and 71.2 kJ·mol- 1, respectively. The obtained kinetic model and some general rules on the catalyt ic hydrog enation of cellobio se may provide impo rtant data for eff icient ut ilization of cellulose.国家自然科学基金项目(20625310, 20773099,20873110

Effect of Rock Mass Structure and Block Size on the Slope Stability-Physical Modeling and Discrete Element Simulation

This paper studies the stability of jointed rock slopes by using our improved three-dimensional discrete element methods (DEM) and physical modeling. Results show that the DEM can simulate all failure modes of rock slopes with different joint configurations. The stress in each rock block is not homogeneous and blocks rotate in failure development. Failure modes depend on the configuration of joints. Toppling failure is observed for the slope with straight joints and sliding failure is observed for the slope with staged joints. The DEM results are also compared with those of limit equilibrium method (LEM). Without considering the joints in rock masses, the LEM predicts much higher factor of safety than physical modeling and DEM. The failure mode and factor of safety predicted by the DEM are in good agreement with laboratory tests for any jointed rock slope

Measure and analysis of rock falling scene for Baiyan Dangrous rock-mass over maoping Landslide,Qinjiang

位于茅坪滑坡体后缘的白岩危岩体于2002年8月24日发生了大规模的崩塌。崩落的块石落在滑坡体上，对滑坡体产生了加载作用，影响了该滑坡体的稳定性。为研究茅坪滑坡体的稳定性，有必要弄清滑坡体上崩落块石的堆积情况。论文在对清江隔河岩水库白岩危岩体崩塌现场调查的基础上，估算了崩塌岩体的体积，实地测量了岩体崩塌后堆积体表面块石的尺寸以及各块石空间位置坐标。对测量的结果进行了统计分析。根据所测量的块石尺寸、得到了崩落岩体的块体大小级配累积曲线图和各块石尺度出现的概率，从而阐明了各尺度崩落块石组合情况。根据各块石尺寸和各块石空间位置坐标、分析得到不同尺寸崩落块石落在滑坡体上的空间分布规律，从而为茅坪滑坡的进一步研究打下了基础