Проблема зміни наукової парадигми в методиці вивчення іноземної мови в умовах переходу України до інформаційного суспільства

(uk) У цій статті автор ставить проблему зміни наукової парадигми в методиці вивчення вивчення іноземних мов. Це потрібно для створення нових сітьових технологій вивчення іноземних мов в умовах зародження інформаційного суспільства в Україні.(en) The author of paper rises the problem of modifying scientific paradigm of foreign languages teaching methods. It is necessary for creating up-to-day Net-technologies for teaching foreign languages in the circumstances of formation of the information society in Ukraine

Fusión de imágenes mediante wavelets para extracción de las partes verdes en imágenes agrícolas

En este trabajo se propone una estrategia de segmentación a partir de imágenes agrícolas de campos de cultivo con el fin de discriminar entre texturas vegetales, que contienen tanto cultivos como malas hierbas, y texturas procedentes del suelo que también aparecen en las imágenes. Se propone una estrategia basada en la descomposición de wavelets con el fin de identificar con seguridad cuáles son las texturas vegetales. Esto se consigue mediante la descomposición por wavelets de la imagen original en cuatro bandas, donde tres de ellas contienen información de la parte vegetal en función de la alta variabilidad de intensidad que presentan dichas texturas. Esta información se utiliza para realzar la cuarta banda, que contiene información sobre las distintas tonalidades de las texturas. Previamente se aplican técnicas de extracción de índices vegetales, siendo éstos los que se resaltan mediante la estrategia basada en wavelets. El correspondiente análisis de resultados muestra la eficacia de la estrategia propuesta frente a otros métodos de extracción de las mismas texturas vegetales. [ABSTRACT] In this paper we propose a segmentation strategy based on agricultural images in order to successfully distinguish between plant textures, which consist of both crop and weed, and textures from the soil that also appear in the images. We propose a strategy based on wavelet decomposition to identify with certainty plant textures. This is achieved by doing a wavelet decomposition of the original image into four bands, where three of them contain information about the plants in terms of high variability in intensity shown in these textures. This information is used to enhance the fourth band, which contains information about the different hues of the textures. Previously, extraction techniques of green indexes are applied and their rates are highlighted by the strategy based on wavelets. The corresponding analysis shows the effectiveness of the proposed strategy over other methods of extraction of the same plant textures

Multilevel halftoning applied to achromatic inks in multi-channel printing

Printing using more than four ink channels visually improves the reproduction. Nevertheless, if the ink layer thickness at any given point exceeds a certain limit, ink bleeding and colour accuracy problems would occur. Halftoning algorithms that process channels dependently are one way of dealing with this shortcoming of multi-channel printing. A multilevel halftoning algorithm that processes a channel so that it is printed with multiple inks of same chromatic value was introduced in our research group. Here we implement this multilevel algorithm using three achromatic inks – photo grey, grey, black – in a real paper-ink setup. The challenges lay in determining the thresholds for ink separation and in dot gain compensation. Dot gain results in a darker reproduction and since it originates from the interaction between a specific ink and paper, compensating the original image for multilevel halftone means expressing dot gain of three inks in terms of the nominal coverage of a single ink. Results prove a successful multilevel halftone implementation workflow using multiple inks while avoiding dot-on-dot placement and accounting for dot gain. Results show the multilevel halftoned image is visually improved in terms of graininess and detail enhancement when compared to the bi-level halftoned image

Color prediction modeling for five-channel CMYLcLm printing

In printing, halftoning algorithms are applied in order to reproduce a continuous-tone image by a binary printing system. The image is transformed into a bitmap composed of dots varying in size and/or frequency. Nevertheless, this causes that the sparse dots found in light shades of cyan (C) and magenta (M) appear undesirably noticeable against white substrate. The solution is to apply light cyan (Lc) and light magenta (Lm) inks in those regions. In order to predict the color of CMYLcLm prints, we make use of the fact that Lc and Lm have similar spectral characteristics as C and M respectively. The goal of this paper is to present a model to characterize a five-channel CMYLcLm printing system using a three-channel color prediction model, where we treat the ink combinations Lc+C and Lm+M as new compound inks. This characterization is based on our previous three-channel CMY color prediction model that is capable of predicting both colorimetric tri-stimulus values and spectral reflectance. The drawback of the proposed model in this paper is the requirement of large number of training samples. Strategies are proposed to reduce this number, which resulted in expected larger but acceptable color differences

Multilevel halftoning applied to achromatic inks in multi-channel printing

Printing using more than four ink channels visually improves the reproduction. Nevertheless, if the ink layer thickness at any given point exceeds a certain limit, ink bleeding and colour accuracy problems would occur. Halftoning algorithms that process channels dependently are one way of dealing with this shortcoming of multi-channel printing. A multilevel halftoning algorithm that processes a channel so that it is printed with multiple inks of same chromatic value was introduced in our research group. Here we implement this multilevel algorithm using three achromatic inks – photo grey, grey, black – in a real paper-ink setup. The challenges lay in determining the thresholds for ink separation and in dot gain compensation. Dot gain results in a darker reproduction and since it originates from the interaction between a specific ink and paper, compensating the original image for multilevel halftone means expressing dot gain of three inks in terms of the nominal coverage of a single ink. Results prove a successful multilevel halftone implementation workflow using multiple inks while avoiding dot-on-dot placement and accounting for dot gain. Results show the multilevel halftoned image is visually improved in terms of graininess and detail enhancement when compared to the bi-level halftoned image