Entry Selection

It is well-known in the IO literature that incumbent firms may want to deter entry by behaving as if they are efficient. In this paper we show that incumbents may sometimes prefer to encourage entry by mimicking the behaviour of a less efficient firm for the following reason. If the incumbent cannot deter potential efficient entrants, he may want to elicit entry by an inefficient firm who would not enter if he knows that the incumbent is efficient. The presence of the additional firm in the market prevents further entry. The incumbent then faces a less efficient competitor in the long run.Duopoly competition, entry deterrence, signalling weakness

Proficiencies for Instruction Librarians: Is There Still a Disconnect Between Professional Education and Professional Responsibilities

In 1993, based on the proficiencies for bibliographic instruction librarians (1986), Diana Shonrock and Craig Mulder investigated if and where librarians were acquiring these proficiencies. In 2007, ACRL approved a revised set of proficiencies: Proficiencies for Instruction Librarians and Coordinators. The authors recreated the 1993 study, using the revised set of proficiencies. Librarians find the new set of proficiencies to be more relevant to their jobs than the older set of proficiencies; however, they are still most likely to acquire the proficiencies primarily outside their library school education

Концептуальные положения моделирования финансовых потоков коммерческих банков

Развитие рыночного хозяйствования происходит в условиях множества противоречий, которые являются специфическими для современного состояния отечественной экономики. Это проистекает в значительной мере из-за сбоев экономической политики в стране. Не определены пока еще до конца меры и формы государственного вмешательства в экономику.Розвиток ринкового господарювання відбувається в умовах безлічі суперечностей, які є специфічними для сучасного стану вітчизняної економіки. Це виникає значною мірою через збої економічної політики в країні. Не визначені поки що до кінця міри і форми державного втручання в економіку

Fixed costs matter even when the costs are sunk

How firms set prices is key to understanding markets. Standard economics dictates that the fixed costs of a firm should not affect its prices. Nonetheless, it is common practice for firms to raise their prices after a fixed costs increase. We show that firms are correct in doing so if two ubiquitous conditions apply: (i) future profits increase in current sales and (ii) firms are liquidity-constrained

Students Helping Students: Creating and Evaluating a Collaborative Service Model in the Library

This study identifies the successes and challenges associated with the addition of a nonlibrary service desk in a university library’s learning commons. The authors wanted to know whether a training and service collaboration with an outside unit could reliably and efficiently connect students to the librarians, academic support services, and other resources that they need; and if advanced skills (including information literacy) training could be successfully built into the existing infrastructure of academic support departments. The authors identified strategies to address barriers when maintaining and improving a collaborative relationship and a dual-desk service model

Municipalización de la gestión educativa en las escuelas públicas primarias del distrito de Motupe, periodo 2009 y 2010

Esta investigación se centra en determinar ¿Cuáles son los factores que limitaron el proceso de Municipalización de la Gestión Educativa de las escuelas públicas primarias del distrito de Motupe periodo 2009 y 2010? Teniendo como objetivo principal, determinar los factores que limitaron el proceso de Municipalización de la Gestión Educativa de las escuelas públicas primarias del distrito de Motupe periodo 2009 y 2010. Es importante analizar y determinar los factores que limitaron el proceso de Municipalización Educativa en los distritos ya mencionados, dado que se dio con la finalidad de mejorar la educación de una manera más eficiente y equitativa, en beneficio de la población. Para poder cumplir con los objetivos planteados en la investigación, se utilizara un diseño exploratorio y desde una estrategia de estudio de casos. La población sujeto de estudio está constituida por directores, docentes, comités de APAFA, funcionarios y ex funcionarios públicos del sector educación, Alcalde, ex Alcalde y concejales del distrito de Motupe, así como también secretarios y miembros de SUTEP-Lambayeque. La recolección de datos se da mediante una revisión documental, entrevistas a profundidad, grupos focales y encuestas, procesándose a través de las técnicas de categorización y análisis de contenido. Los resultados obtenidos de las entrevistas realizadas a las personas involucradas en el proceso de Municipalización Educativa y además de la realización de una encuesta aplicada a los docentes. Corroboramos que los factores que limitaron el proceso de Municipalización de la gestión Educativa de las escuelas públicas primarias del distrito Motupe periodo 2009 y 2010 son; incertidumbre laboral afecto en 21%, burocracia del gobierno local en 25%, asignación presupuestaria en 16%, capacitación a los docentes en 21%, y débil de difusión del proceso afecto en 16%.Tesi

The structure and dynamics of the global network of inter-firm R&D partnerships 1989-2002

This paper examines the structure and dynamics of the global network of inter-firm research and development (R&D) partnerships using longitudinal data for 1989--2002. We contribute to a recent literature that has attributed patterns and changes in the network to major political and technological developments, but which has omitted the structure in the underlying firm population. Two often made claims are that R&D collaboration is important in nowadays fierce competitive environment, but that the importance of international partnerships has declined over time. We integrate data on firms and alliances and confront both hypotheses with our data and a novel set of methods, which enable to control for structure in the firm population

The structure and dynamics of the global network of inter-firm R&D partnerships 1989-2002

This paper examines the structure and dynamics of the global network of inter-firm research and development (R&D) partnerships using longitudinal data for 1989--2002. We contribute to a recent literature that has attributed patterns and changes in the network to major political and technological developments, but which has omitted the structure in the underlying firm population. Two often made claims are that R&D collaboration is important in nowadays fierce competitive environment, but that the importance of international partnerships has declined over time. We integrate data on firms and alliances and confront both hypotheses with our data and a novel set of methods, which enable to control for structure in the firm population

Electronic Outbreak Surveillance in Germany: A First Evaluation for Nosocomial Norovirus Outbreaks

BACKGROUND: In Germany, surveillance for infectious disease outbreaks is integrated into an electronic surveillance system. For 2007, the national surveillance database contains case-based information on 201,224 norovirus cases, three-quarters of which are linked to outbreaks. We evaluated the data quality of the national database in reflecting nosocomial norovirus outbreak (NNO) data available in 19 Hessian local public health authorities (LPHAs) and the influence of differences between LPHA's follow-up procedures for laboratory notifications of Norovirus positive stool samples on outbreak underascertainment. METHODS: Data on NNO beginning in 2007 and notified to the 19 LPHAs were extracted from the national database, investigated regarding internal validity and compared to data collected from LPHAs for a study on NNO control. LPHAs were questioned whether they routinely contacted all persons for whom a laboratory diagnosis of norovirus infection was notified. The number of outbreaks per 1,000 hospital beds and the number of cases within NNOs for acute care and rehabilitation hospitals were compared between counties with and without complete follow-up. RESULTS: The national database contained information on 155 NNOs, including 3,115 cases. Cases were missed in the national database in 58 (37%) of the outbreaks. Information on hospitalisation was incorrect for an estimated 47% of NNO cases. Information on county of infection was incorrect for 24% (199/820) of cases being forwarded between LPHAs for data entry. Reported NNO incidence and number of NNO cases in acute care hospitals was higher in counties with complete follow-up (incidence-rate ratio (IRR) 2.7, 95% CI 1.4-5.7, p-value 0.002 and IRR 2.1, 95% CI 1.9-2.4, p-value 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Many NNOs are not notified by hospitals and differences in LPHA procedures have an impact on the number of outbreaks captured in the surveillance system. Forwarding of case-by-case data on Norovirus outbreak cases from the local to the state and national level should not be required

Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates: Occurrence rates, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and molecular typing in the global SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997-1999

During 1997–1999, a total of 70,067 isolates (6631 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates) were analyzed in the SENTRY program by geographic region and body site of infection. The respiratory tract was the most common source of P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa isolation rates increased during the study interval. Europe was the only region to show a significant decline in β-lactam and aminoglycoside susceptibility rates. There was a reduction in the rates of susceptibility of Canadian isolates to imipenem and of Latin American isolates to meropenem. A total of 218 multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates (MDR-PSA; resistant to piperacillin, ceftazidime, imipenem, and gentamicin) were observed; MDR-PSA occurrence rates (percentages of all isolates) ranged from 8.2% (Latin America) to 0.9% (Canada). No antimicrobial inhibited >50% of MDR-PSA strains. Molecular characterization of selected, generally resistant strains was performed. Isolates showing unique ribogroups were found in Europe, Latin America, and the United States, but clonal spread was documented in several medical centers.A. C. Gales, R. N. Jones, J. Turnidge, R. Rennie, and R. Rampha