Recent Dynamics of Returns to Education in Transition Countries

This study provides recent estimates of returns to education in transition countries, investigating how the economic boom in the region has affected these returns. We find that transition countries continue to have relatively low returns to education and that the economic boom did not lead to a clear change in these returns. A more detailed investigation for one specific country, Ukraine, confirms these results.returns to education, transition countries

Innovation and Productivity: a Firm Level Study of Ukrainian Manufacturing Sector

There is a large literature on innovation contribution to productivity for EU countries including CEE states. At the same time very little is known about CIS countries. We apply the same framework and select the same period (2004-2006) to make our study comparable. The modified CDM model considers not only companies that report formal innovation expenditures but the entire sample of manufacturing firms. This approach accounts for underreporting of innovative firm’s efforts, especially among small firms. Additionally, we allow dynamic two-direction relationship between productivity and innovation input and test “success breeds success” hypothesis. Our major attention is given to the impact of the government support on firm’s R&D expenditures, innovations and productivity. The results show that government financial support has positive effect on the probability and amount of firm’s innovation expenditures but not on the probability of innovation itself, neither for process nor for product innovation. The latter finding emphasizes that only the effective government innovation policy may actual positively contribute to the productivity after all. We found that both parts of the "success breeds success" hypothesis work. Firms which have introduced new or significantly improved product in the past are more likely to invest into R&D and to come up with a product innovator in the future. Our results also suggest that amount of innovation expenditures in the following period is influenced by firm’s productivity in the previous period. Empirical evidence of this is quite rare in the literature. Finally, similar to Estonia during late transition only process innovation has been found to contribute to productivity of Ukrainian firms.R&D, innovation, productivity, "success breeds success", transition, Ukraine

The Impact of FDI on Firm’s Performance Across Sectors: Evidence from Ukraine

There are evidences in the literature that FDI impact on enterprises’ performance across three large sectors, i.e. primary, secondary and services, differs substantially. We suggest that these disparities may be due to two factors. First, the weak inter- and intra-sectoral links may prevent the FDI spillovers. Second, sector entry restraints can limit the foreign technology diffusion. Using firm-level data that covers 80% of population in all three sectors we provide some evidence supporting these hypotheses. In particular, horizontal and vertical spillovers a found to have very different impact on firms by sectors. There is an overall positive horizontal spillover effect which is mostly driven by impact in the manufacturing due to the level of competitiveness of that sector. Vertical spillovers are working in the opposite direction and their influence is pronounced for domestic companies in the service sector and for foreign enterprises in the primary sector. Most importantly, the direct FDI effect is the largest in the most restricted primary sector and falls with time in services where substantial liberalization has been undertaken.Foreign Direct Investment, horizontal spillovers, vertical spillovers, cross-sectoral difference, Ukraine

Innovation, Adoption, Ownership, and Productivity: Evidence from Ukraine

How do new and foreign firms achieve superior productivity? Do they conduct more and better R&D? Or do they distinguish themselves through computerization and organizational capital? We investigate the determinants of and returns to several types of investment, using a panel of over 40,000 Ukrainian industrial firms in 2000-2007. Foreign firms engage in more non-technological investment and IT and less in R&D than domestic private firms. Similarly, new firms invest more in non-technological capital and IT and less in R&D than initially state-owned firms. Productivity gains from R&D and non-technology investment are insignificantly different across ownership types, whereas foreign firms achieve much higher returns to IT investment than other firms. These results suggest that foreign firms outperform others via organizational capital that is better able to exploit IT investment. New firm productivity growth is a result of higher investment volume rather than investment efficiency.R&D, information technology, foreign ownership, transition, Eastern Europe, Ukraine

Development of a multilayer structure for power unit acoustic shielding

The article presents the theoretical aspects of noise protection device development for the power unit of trucks, as well as the practical research and experimental development of materials for the production of acoustic capsules. The studies of physical-mechanical, heatconducting, sound-absorbing, vibration-absorbing properties of various polyurethane materials were carried out. The prospect of polymeric composite materials use as the acoustic protection of trucks has been revealed.One of the main problems of modern ecology is the noise pollution of the environment. More and more people feel the negative impact of noise on general health condition. Transport noise, as the main source, prevails in industrial environment [1]. The mechanisms and the systems of vehicle power units are the main source of both external and internal noise of transport. The requirements for the noise of cars throughout the history of vehicles are tightened constantly. Nowadays, the noise of vehicles is normalized by the national standard of Russian Federation GOST R 41.51 (UNECE Regulation No. 51). According to the document, the maximum value of the total noise level is in the range of 74-80 dBA.Keywords: noise, truck, polyurethane, composite material, sound absorption, thermal conductivity, vibration absorptio

RETRACTED: The formation of professional competence of the teacher of preschool education in the system of additional education

The aim of the article is to consider the issues of professional competence formation of the teacher of preschool education in the system of additional education; the necessity of educational space extension of preschool children is proved. Methods. The author relies on the technique of the competency approach to teacher preparation pre-school education, while using both theoretical and empirical research methods. The methods involve the retrospective analysis of research works of Russian scholars on pedagogics and psychology; empirical methods – pedagogical diagnostics on the basis of questioning, analysis of psychopedagogical diagnosis. Results. In the course of pedagogical diagnostics in order to determine whether the content of teacher competence features educational activities in terms of pre-school education it was found that among the most important qualities required of a teacher of preschool education, the respondents allocate humanely-personal and communication skills, functional literacy and reflective skills; majority of respondents found it difficult and/or do not know how to put into practice the polysubjective principle, which is very important at the level of pre-school education. The process of skills formation is described to carry out student teaching on the basis of the proposed principle. It is suggested to put students – the future teachers into the teaching process or real professional work in phases. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The author gives the classification of groups of professional competence indicators of the teacher of preschool education. Ways for the decision of the priority problems defined in Federal State Educational Standard of Pre-school Education (FSES PE) in a context of the polysubjective approach are shown; each participant of educational process acts as its active member. The author of article considers additional education as a perspective direction of development of preschool pedagogics, which despite the gathered wide experience of children development by means of additional educational services, has not been considered yet as the complex phenomenon and a resource of optimisation of preschool preparation of children. Attention is drawn to the fact that yet now, the deep comparative analysis of the performance efficiency with preschool children of the general and additional educational institutions hasn’t been carried. It is also required to design the system of expert assessment and working out of diagnostic procedures for defining the productivity of experts training programs of an additional education; and conformance inspection of these programs due to specifications of Federal State Educational Standard of Pre-school Education (FSES PE). Such research works will help to provide the maximum achievement of a purpose of preschool pedagogics – complex development of intellectual, spiritually-moral, creative and physical potential of children В статье рассматриваются проблемы формирования профессиональной компетентности педагога предшкольного образования и обосновывается необходимость расширения образовательного пространства дошкольников. Методика и методы: ретроспективный анализ работ отечественных авторов по педагогике и психологии; педагогическая диагностика на основе анкетирования. Результаты. В ходе определения уровня компетентности педагогов дошкольного образования было установлено, что среди самых важных профессиональных качеств респонденты выделяют гуманно-личностные и коммуникативные, а также функциональную грамотность и рефлексивные умения. Однако большинство педагогов не знает, как на практике в полной мере реализовать очень важный для дошкольного образования принцип полисубъектности. Описан процесс формирования умения осуществлять педагогическую практику на основе данного принципа. Для этого предлагается поэтапно включать студентов- будущих педагогов в реальную профессиональную деятельность. Научная и практическая значимость. Дана классификация показателей профессиональной компетентности педагога дошкольного образования. Показаны пути решения приоритетных задач, обозначенных в новом государственном стандарте в контексте полисубъектного подхода, когда каждый участник образовательного процесса выступает как его активный субъект. Перспективным направлением развития предшкольной педагогики автор статьи считает дополнительное образование, которое, несмотря на накопленный богатый опыт развития детей с помощью дополнительных образовательных услуг, пока не рассматривалось как комплексное явление и как ресурс оптимизации предшкольной подготовки детей. Не проводился и глубокий сравнительный анализ эффективности работы с дошкольниками в учреждениях общего и дополнительного образования. Требуются также создание системы экспертных оценок и разработка диагностических процедур для определения результативности программ обучения специалистов дополнительного образования и проверки соответствия этих программ требованиям ФГОС ДО. Такие исследования помогут обеспечить максимальное достижение целевой установки предшкольной педагогики – комплексное развитие интеллектуального, духовно-нравственного, творческого и физического потенциала детей Отзыв из печати статьи Вахитовой Г. Х. Формирование профессиональной компетентности педагога предшкольного образования в системе дополнительного образования // Образование и наука. 2015. № 2 (121). С. 74–85. DOI:10.17853/1994-5639-2015-2-74-85. Изъятие (ретракция) публикации обусловлено выявлением дублирующей публикации Г. Х. Вахитовой под названием «Формирование профессиональной компетентности педагога предшкольного образования» в журнале «Профессиональное образование в России и за рубежом», 2015. № 1 (17). С. 57–63

FEATURES OF TATAR- ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF DRAMATIC WORKS (BY THE EXAMPLE OF T. MINNULLIN’S PLAYS)

Abstract.The purpose of this work is to study the Tatar-English translation features of the dramatic works. In order to entirely clarify the problem, we based our study on the translation of the Toufan Minnullin’s comedy "Äldermeštėn Älmändar" As it is known, among all translation fields the hardest one is the translation of fiction. Translator of the fiction not only has to be experienced in translation but also to have a creative view and understand linguistic and cultural features of specific people. The following research methods were used in this paper: descriptive method (to clarify the features of Tatar culture in the translation), comparative method (comparative analysis of the features of Tatar, Russian and English languages). The analysis of the translation showed the following aspects of translators’ decision-making process: 1. Grammar and lexical techniques are actively used. There were various lexicaladditions and omissions and a large number of complete transformations at the level of sentences. On the one hand the reasons for these interpreter decisions could be the grammatical and cultural differences of the original and target language, and on the other hand it was the desire to recreate the spoken language in the target language. 2. While translating the cultural realities, the translator used the methods of transcription, calculating and omitting. 3. An important role in the original work is played by inserting Russian text into Tatar to represent the specific, humorous, vivid village speech of Tatarstan. The problem of its translation is that the target language of the work - English - doesnot have a similar tradition of actively incorporating significant foreign-language elements into everyday speech. As a result, the translator is forced to abandon almost all such techniques of the original, while allowing losing a significant, though not paramount, an aesthetic feature of the original.Keywords: translation, translation of plays, comparison of literary techniques, translation from Tatar intoEnglish, Tufan Minnullin

Investigating The Perceptions Of Science And Engineering University Educators And Students Around Sustainability Integration And The Role Of Digital Tools

Last year we presented the first phase of our on-going research project - a collaboration between researchers at UCL and Academic Development team members at Ansys Ltd on sustainable digital transition in education. The results of the first phase were published in proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL2022). We developed a framework to explore how technology companies, with a focus on education, approach sustainability in education through their products and their practices and what makes them impactful, focusing on a specific case of Ansys Granta EduPack. The framework was the amalgamation of two previous analyses that explored i) how learning outcomes associated with the UN Sustainable Development Goals could be used to foster ways in which learning for sustainability can be implemented in Higher Education, and ii) how the same learning outcomes translate to concepts of capital used by companies to assess sustainability impact. In this part of the study, we present the second phase of our project, the development of two questionnaires for university students and educators based on the framework, described earlier. The questionnaires focus on assessing sustainability awareness and involvement of staff and students of Science and Engineering Departments in sustainability activities, using a Whole Institution Approach. In this paper we present preliminary data from the piloting of the questionnaires during a materials education workshop for University Educators organised by Ansys Ltd in Cambridge UK. In the third phase of this research project the questionnaires will be shared more widely with staff and students in science and engineering focused faculties internationally

О НЕРАВЕНСТВЕ, СВЯЗАННОМ С ВЕСОВОЙ ФУНКЦИЕЙ В МЕТОДЕ ВЕСОВОГО РЕШЕТА

In this paper the theorem on inequality connected with weighted function in method sieve weights is obtained. В работе получена теорема о неравенстве, связанном с весовой функцией в методе весового решета

KEY DEVELOPMENT FACTORS OF THE TRANSIT AND TRANSPORT POTENTIAL OF KAZAKHSTAN

Summary. Nowadays, the Republic of Kazakhstan is dynamically forming up its transit policy, improving its directions and the development of new vectors. This article looks into the development of the transit and transport potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It presents the main conclusions on the development of a feasibility study for the construction of a logistics terminal in the seaport of Lianyungang (China) as one of the directions of building transit policy, improving its direction and the formation of new vectors. The urgency of building a logistics terminal is conditioned by the necessity for national interests and further expansion of political and economic advantages of Kazakhstan