Epidemiological and molecular studies on chronic HBV infection in Gambian families

Over 600 chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers were identified in The Gambia. 142 families with multiple affected siblings were recruited for this study. The prevalence of HBsAg carriage in siblings of the carriers was significantly higher than in normal population with the same exposure rate to the HBV infection, which could be considered as the sign of the family clustering of the disease. Significant correlation between birth order of a sibling and the risk of becoming a carrier was found. Relatively low prevalence in mothers of HBV carriers in these families was suggestive that mother to child HBV transmission did not play a major role. The index cases have been assumed to come from within a family unit or from sources outside an immediate family, such as other families or inhabitants of the same compound or village. I have attempted to define these routes of HBV transmission by phylogenetic analysis of sequences from the entire HBV pre core/core and surface gene regions. Pre core/core gene sequences were found to be more informative for this purpose. Despite the overall conserved nature of the pre- core/core sequences, distinct clusters with high bootstrap support were easily defined at the family and village level, but not on the wider geographical distribution level. Over one third of the families studied had a strong evidence of intrafamilial HBV transmission. Therefore clustering of HBV infection in the Gambian families was confirmed with epidemiological data and the hypothesis on horizontal HBV transmission between West African children for the first time was supported by sequencing data and phylogenetic analysis. A large number of unique Gambian HBV core promoter/pre-core/ core and surface gene sequences were obtained and their molecular characteristics described. The analysis also revealed for the first time that HBV genotypes A and E circulate in The Gambia, with the clear predominance of the latter

Evolutionary studies on genetic variation of floral morphology in rice

Thesis (Ph. D. in Agriculture)--University of Tsukuba, (B), no. 1958, 2003.10.31Includes bibliographical reference

Evaluasi Tingkat Kepuasan Pengguna SIKS-NG Menggunakan Metode EUCS Di Kabupaten Bone Bolango

Sistem Informasi Kesejahteraan Sosial Next Generation (SIKS- NG) adalah aplikasi manajemen untuk proses perbaikan dan pengusulan data baru Basis Data Terpadu (BDT) yang mana didalamnya juga terdapat modul untuk perbaikan dan pengusulan data Bantuan Sosial Pangan (BSP) non PKH. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pengguna SIKS-NG. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS). Metode EUCS mencakup lima aspek yaitu isi, keakuratan, format, kemudahan dalam penggunaan dan ketepatan waktu. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah penguna SIKS-NG yang berada di Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Sampel yang dipilih dari populasi tersebut sebanyak 66 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepuasan pengguna secara keseluruhan berdasarkan evaluasi EUCS yaitu aspek content 36% yang berada pada kategori tidak baik menunjukan bahwa tingkat kepuasan pengguna terhadap aplikasi SIKS-NG di nyatakan tidak puas, aspek accuracy 36.8% yang berada pada kategori kurang baik, aspek format 54.3% yang berada pada kategori cukup baik, aspek ease of use 52.9% yang berada pada kategori cukup baik, timeliness 36% yang berada pada kategori kurang baik.Kata kunci:  Kepuasan Pengguna, SIKS-NG, EUC

Strength and muscle activity in shoulder external rotation in people with and without scapular dyskinesis

学位記番号：保博甲第94

Strength and muscle activity in shoulder external rotation in people with and without scapular dyskinesis

学位記番号：保博甲第94

Evaluasi Tingkat Kepuasan Pengguna SIKS-NG Menggunakan Metode EUCS Di Kabupaten Bone Bolango

Sistem Informasi Kesejahteraan Sosial Next Generation (SIKS- NG) adalah aplikasi manajemen untuk proses perbaikan dan pengusulan data baru Basis Data Terpadu (BDT) yang mana didalamnya juga terdapat modul untuk perbaikan dan pengusulan data Bantuan Sosial Pangan (BSP) non PKH. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pengguna SIKS-NG. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS). Metode EUCS mencakup lima aspek yaitu isi, keakuratan, format, kemudahan dalam penggunaan dan ketepatan waktu. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah penguna SIKS-NG yang berada di Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Sampel yang dipilih dari populasi tersebut sebanyak 66 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepuasan pengguna secara keseluruhan berdasarkan evaluasi EUCS yaitu aspek content 36% yang berada pada kategori tidak baik menunjukan bahwa tingkat kepuasan pengguna terhadap aplikasi SIKS-NG di nyatakan tidak puas, aspek accuracy 36.8% yang berada pada kategori kurang baik, aspek format 54.3% yang berada pada kategori cukup baik, aspek ease of use 52.9% yang berada pada kategori cukup baik, timeliness 36% yang berada pada kategori kurang baik

ラット人工肛門モデルにおける、人工肛門への便注入療法の有用性の検討

藤田医科大

The role of tax revenues in the formation of the state budget of Ukraine

The article discusses the dynamics of a share of revenues received in the form of taxes in the process of formation of the Ukrainian state budget income part during 2000-2013. The stress is made on the structure of direct and indirect taxes in the budget revenues and the issue of their optimal ratio. Amendments to the Tax Code in the direction of optimization of the country`s taxation policy and tax rates as well as the shortcomings that still exist in the Ukrainian Tax System are also analyzed. The article also presents a comparative analysis of certain tax rates in the countries of the CIS and the developed market economy countries of Europe. The following main directions for the improvement of the country`s budgetare-taxation policy have been identified: the need for the reduction of a specific share of indirect taxes in the tax revenues of the budget; optimization of number of taxes and rates of certain types of taxes. The article lists the main goals and tasks the implementation of which will facilitate the process of carrying out an efficient taxation policy, increase of tax revenues and social-economic development of the country. Quantitative and qualitative methods of research, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis and grouping have been used for studying of the issues covered by the article.В статье рассматривается динамика доли доходов, полученных в виде налогов в процессе формирования части бюджета государственных доходов Украины в течение 2000-2013 гг. Акцент делается на структуре прямых и косвенных налогов в бюджет и вопрос об их оптимальном соотношении. Анализируются поправки в Налоговый кодекс в направлении оптимизации политики налогообложения в стране и налоговой ставки, а также недостатки, которые все еще существуют в налоговой системе Украины.У статті розглядається динаміка частки доходів, отриманих у вигляді податків у процесі формування частини бюджету державних доходів України протягом 2000-2013 рр.. Акцент робиться на структурі прямих і непрямих податків до бюджету доходів і питання про їх оптимальному співвідношенні. Аналізуються поправки до Податкового кодексу в напрямку оптимізації політики оподаткування в країні та податкової ставки, а також недоліки, які все ще існують в національній податковій системі

Emotional Mental Problems among Adolescents: Urban and Semi-Urban Settings

Background: Emotional mental problems refer to something that complicates someone in an attempt to conform to the environment and experiences. In Indonesia the prevalence of emotional mental problems is 6.0%. In West Java province as the most populous region in Indonesia, the number of prevalence is above the national average of 9.3%. West Java province was selected for this study because in addition to being the most densely populated region, it also has urban and semi-urban areas. The purpose of this study was  to identify the difference in the prevalence of emotional mental problems of adolescent in urban and semi-urban areas.Methods: This study used the cross sectional approach method. Inclusion criteria were adolescents aged 14-16 years who attended several Junior High and Senior High Schools in Cirebon City as an urban area and Sumedang Regency as a semi-urban area. Exclusion criteria were adolescents who filled out  the questionnaire incompletely. The study variables consisted of adolescents, urban and semi-urban areas, and emotional mental problems. Data were analyzed by using chi square (x2) test.Results: Out of 1039 respondents, 816 met the inclusion criteria. There were significant differences in emotional mental problems on the aspects of emotional symptoms, behavior, hyperactivity, interpersonal relationships, social behavior, and total value of emotional mental problems with p value <0.05.Conclusions: There is a difference in emotional mental problems of adolescents in urban and semi-urban areas. Adolescents in urban regions have higher mental-emotional problems than in semi-urban regions.