439 research outputs found
Some results on (a:b)-choosability
A solution to a problem of Erd\H{o}s, Rubin and Taylor is obtained by showing
that if a graph is -choosable, and , then is not
necessarily -choosable. Applying probabilistic methods, an upper bound
for the choice number of a graph is given. We also prove that a
directed graph with maximum outdegree and no odd directed cycle is
-choosable for every . Other results presented in this
article are related to the strong choice number of graphs (a generalization of
the strong chromatic number). We conclude with complexity analysis of some
decision problems related to graph choosability
Creating a Norm for the Vernacular
The article deals with the birth of a linguistic norm in Iceland and Italy. The discussion focuses on four works, which lay the foundations for the discussion of grammar and poetics in their respective vernaculars, namely Dante Alighieri’s De vulgari eloquentia and Convivio for Italian, and the First Grammatical Treatise and Snorri Sturluson’s Edda for Icelandic. A parallel between these four works is established, and the view that Latin has been little used in Iceland during the Middle Ages is challenged, also in accordance with both earlier scholarship (Lehmann 1937 and Walter 1976) and recent discoveries (Gottskálk Jensson 2002, 2004, 2009 and Marner 2016). It is argued that Latin is bound to have been used as a language of scholarship in Iceland as it was in Western Europe, although manuscript transmission seldom provides direct evidence in this respect. Moreover, a view that takes into account the different weight that Latin as such had in the two different speech communities, Italian and Icelandic, is advocated. This approach rests upon the fact that, whereas in Italy there was an unbroken literary tradition in Latin from Roman times to the Middle Ages, in Iceland Icelandic was the only language to be used until the Conversion, i.e. until the Latin alphabet was introduced. Thus, it is not surprising that the Icelandic vernacular was held in relatively higher esteem in Iceland, therefore leading to a relatively earlier and richer literary tradition in that language, whereas in Italy the vernacular had to be first raised in linguistic status in order to be used as literary language.Peer Reviewe
Graphs Where Every Maximal Path Is Maximum
AbstractWe give a complete characterization of all graphs in which every simple path is contained in a maximum path. Among Hamiltonian graphs, such graphs were previously characterized by C. Thomassen
Flows and bisections in cubic graphs
A -weak bisection of a cubic graph is a partition of the vertex-set of
into two parts and of equal size, such that each connected
component of the subgraph of induced by () is a tree of at
most vertices. This notion can be viewed as a relaxed version of
nowhere-zero flows, as it directly follows from old results of Jaeger that
every cubic graph with a circular nowhere-zero -flow has a -weak bisection. In this paper we study problems related to the
existence of -weak bisections. We believe that every cubic graph which has a
perfect matching, other than the Petersen graph, admits a 4-weak bisection and
we present a family of cubic graphs with no perfect matching which do not admit
such a bisection. The main result of this article is that every cubic graph
admits a 5-weak bisection. When restricted to bridgeless graphs, that result
would be a consequence of the assertion of the 5-flow Conjecture and as such it
can be considered a (very small) step toward proving that assertion. However,
the harder part of our proof focuses on graphs which do contain bridges.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures - revised versio
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