S-100B protein: An early prognostic marker after cardiac arrest

The identification of a good prognostic factor of neurological outcome after cardiac arrest is needed. S-100B protein seems to be a promising early predictor of brain damage. Yet it is necessary to reach a consensus on cut-off values, time of blood sampling and the predictive accuracy of S-100B protein. The present review summarizes the data about the clinical implications of S-100B protein after brain injury, especially in patients after cardiac arrest. (Cardiol J 2010; 17, 5: 532-536

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KEBIJAKAN MUTU DI SEKOLAH SD MUHAMMADIYAH SURONATAN YOGYAKARTA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pelaksanaan kebijakan mutu di sekolah, (2) faktor penghambat dan pendukung pelaksanaan kebijakan mutu di sekolah, (3) solusi untuk menghadapi kendala pelaksanaan kebijakan mutu di sekolah SD Muhammadiyah Suronatan Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ditentukan dengan purpossive. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, koordinator bidang di sekolah, karyawan, dan siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian dengan pedoman wawancara, catatan lapangan, dan lembar observasi. Pemeriksaan keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi metode dan sumber. Analisis data yan digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) Kebijakan mutu di sekolah merupa- kan upaya sekolah dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan yang mencakup tiga segi, yaitu : input, proses, dan output. (2) Faktor penghambat meliputi masih terdapat guru yang kurang menguasai media pembelajaran, minimnya kondisi fisik lahan sekolah, adanya pihak yang kontra dengan kebijakan sekolah, menimbulkan sedikit kecemburuan dan perbedaan pandangan,dan minimnya peranan pimpinan yayasan. Faktor pendukung meliputi tersedianya guru dan tenaga kependidikan yang berkualitas ,tersedianya sarana prasarana PBM, tersedianya lingkungan PBM yang kondusif, tingginya tingkat kedisiplinan, dan tersedianya faktor lain yang mendukung. (3) solusi untuk menghadapi kendala kebijakan mutu sekolah ialah sosialisasi kebijakan sekolah, optimalisasi peme-nuhan Standar Nasional Pendidikan, penguatan komitmen. Kata kunci : Kebijakan, Mutu, SD Muhammadiyah Suronatan Yogyakart

Tiresias: Predicting Security Events Through Deep Learning

With the increased complexity of modern computer attacks, there is a need for defenders not only to detect malicious activity as it happens, but also to predict the specific steps that will be taken by an adversary when performing an attack. However this is still an open research problem, and previous research in predicting malicious events only looked at binary outcomes (e.g., whether an attack would happen or not), but not at the specific steps that an attacker would undertake. To fill this gap we present Tiresias, a system that leverages Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) to predict future events on a machine, based on previous observations. We test Tiresias on a dataset of 3.4 billion security events collected from a commercial intrusion prevention system, and show that our approach is effective in predicting the next event that will occur on a machine with a precision of up to 0.93. We also show that the models learned by Tiresias are reasonably stable over time, and provide a mechanism that can identify sudden drops in precision and trigger a retraining of the system. Finally, we show that the long-term memory typical of RNNs is key in performing event prediction, rendering simpler methods not up to the task

Crowdsourcing Cybersecurity: Cyber Attack Detection using Social Media

Social media is often viewed as a sensor into various societal events such as disease outbreaks, protests, and elections. We describe the use of social media as a crowdsourced sensor to gain insight into ongoing cyber-attacks. Our approach detects a broad range of cyber-attacks (e.g., distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks, data breaches, and account hijacking) in an unsupervised manner using just a limited fixed set of seed event triggers. A new query expansion strategy based on convolutional kernels and dependency parses helps model reporting structure and aids in identifying key event characteristics. Through a large-scale analysis over Twitter, we demonstrate that our approach consistently identifies and encodes events, outperforming existing methods.Comment: 13 single column pages, 5 figures, submitted to KDD 201

Academically Based Community Engagement: An Idea Exchange, 2015 Report

In September 2015, faculty and staff involved in academically-based community engagement gathered to discuss ideas, resources, and barriers to the work they do. This event was organized by an ad hoc committee comprised of faculty and staff from the University of Pittsburgh including the University Honors College, PittServes, Community and Governmental Relations, and various academic departments

Complement activation and its prognostic role in post-cardiac arrest patients

Cardiac arrest causes generalized ischemia/hypoxia, and subsequent resuscitation inflicts reperfusion injury, the pathology of which is not fully understood. Moreover, predicting the prognosis of comatose, post-cardiac-arrest patients is a complex clinical challenge. We hypothesized that the extent of complement activation might be a reliable predictor of mortality in this population. Forty-six comatose cardiac arrest patients were enrolled into our prospective cohort study, conducted in a tertiary care university clinic. All subjects were cooled to 32-34 degrees C body temperature for 24 hours and then, allowed to rewarm to normothermia. All patients underwent diagnostic coronary angiography. On admission, at 6 and at 24 hrs, blood samples were taken from the arterial catheter. In these, complement products (C3a, C3, C4d, C4, SC5b9, and Bb) were measured by ELISA in blood samples. Patients were followed-up for 30 days; 22 patients (47.8%) died by the end of this period. We observed that complement activation (determined as the C3a to C3 ratio) was higher in non-survivors than in survivors at each time point. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, the C3a/C3 ratio determined 24 hours after the initiation of therapeutic hypothermia predicted 30-day mortality regardless of age, sex, and the APACHE II score. Complement activation occurs in post-cardiac arrest patients, and its extent correlates with 30-day survival. The C3a/C3 ratio might prove useful for estimating the prognosis of comatose post-cardiac-arrest patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Amikacin for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections : clinical efficacy and toxicity

Infections by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKp) are an increasing global threat with limited therapeutic options. Our objective was to evaluate clinical and microbiological outcomes of patients treated with amikacin for CRKp infections. We did a retrospective cohort of patients>18 years old, with CRKp infections treated with amikacin in two tertiary care hospitals in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The impact of clinical factors, antibiotic treatment, and amikacin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on patients’ 30-day mortality was assessed. Microbiological clearance and nephrotoxicity (assessed by RIFLE score) were evaluated as secondary outcomes. A Cox regression analysis was done for mortality. We included 84 patients for analysis. Twenty-nine (34.5%) patients died in 30 days. Amikacin MIC values ranged from 0.125 to 8 μg/mL and did not infuence on mortality, regardless of the prescribed dose of this antibiotic (P=0.24). Bacterial clearance occurred in 17 (58.6%) of 29 patients who collected subsequent cultures. Two (16.6%) of the 12 persistently positive cultures changed the amikacin susceptibility profle from susceptible to intermediate. Twenty-nine (37.2%) patients developed acute kidney injury (AKI): risk 13, injury 11, and failure 5. Risk factors for AKI were higher baseline eGFR (P<0.01) and combination therapy with colistin (P=0.02). Comparing patients who received combination with colistin vs polymyxin B, AKI occurred in 60.0% vs 20.6%, respectively, P<0.01. Fifteen of the 16 (16.6%) patients who developed renal injury or failure were receiving colistin. In conclusion, amikacin was an efective treatment for CRKp infections. Within susceptible range, amikacin MIC values did not infuence on clinical outcomes. Combination therapy of amikacin and colistin was highly nephrotoxic and should be used with caution

Beaver: A Decentralized Anonymous Marketplace with Secure Reputation

Amid growing concerns of government surveillance and corporate data sharing, web users increasingly demand tools for preserving their privacy without placing trust in a third party. Unfortunately, existing centralized reputation systems need to be trusted for either privacy, correctness, or both. Existing decentralized approaches, on the other hand, are either vulnerable to Sybil attacks, present inconsistent views of the network, or leak critical information about the actions of their users. In this paper, we present Beaver, a decentralized anonymous marketplace that is resistant against Sybil attacks on vendor reputation, while preserving user anonymity. Beaver allows its participants to enjoy open enrollment, and provides every user with the same global view of the reputation of other users through public ledger based consensus. Various cryptographic primitives allow Beaver to offer high levels of usability and practicality, along with strong anonymity guarantees. Operations such as creating a listing, purchasing an item, and leaving feedback take just milliseconds to compute and require generating just a few kilobytes of state while often constructing convenient anonymity sets of hundreds of transactions