Common Language Created by Legislation Regarding the Teritorial Limit of the Production Vine Wine Potential of Romania

Trying to build a future according to the one of EU and aspiring after becoming an apreciate member of the International Wine Community, as a producer of some valuable wines, Romania has intensified the efforts to reach these issues, to create a common language at the international level, european and even national, starting with the actions that followed to the Law of Wine and Vineyard no.224/2002. It was imperatively imposed a strict reevaluation of the production wine and vine potential, for example the delimitation and a group of the viticultural areas. With the studies made by the authorized institutions of the government there were identified and aproved eight viticultural regions.the limitation of the viticultural area, teritorial group of viticultural area, european viticultural area, viticultural region, recommended sorts, authorized sorts, wine with name of controlled origin.

Ice-rich (periglacial) vs icy (glacial) depressions in the Argyre region, Mars: a proposed cold-climate dichotomy of landforms

On Mars, so-called “scalloped depressions” are widely observed in Utopia Planitia (UP) and Malea Planum (MP). Typically, they are rimless, metres- to decametres-deep, incised sharply, tiered inwardly, polygonised and sometimes pitted. The depressions seemingly incise terrain that is icy and possibly thermokarstic, i.e. produced by the thermal destabilisation of the icy terrain. Agewise, the depressions are thought to be relatively youthful, originating in the Late Amazonian Epoch.Here, we report the presence of similar depressions in the Argyre region (AR) (30–60° S; 290–355° E). More importantly, we separate and differentiate these landforms into two groups: (ice-rich) periglacial depressions (Type-1); and, (icy) glacial depressions (Type-2a-c). This differentiation is presented to the Mars community for the first time.Based on a suite of morphological and geological characteristics synonymous with ice-complexes in the Lena Peninsula (eastern Russia) and the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands (Northwest Territories, Canada), we propose that the Type-1 depressions are ice-rich periglacial basins that have undergone volatile depletion largely by sublimation and as the result of thermal destabilisation. In keeping with the terms and associated definitions derived of terrestrial periglacial-geomorphology, ice-rich refers to permanently frozen-ground in which ice lenses or segregation ice (collectively referenced as excess ice) have formed.We suggest that the depressions are the product of a multi-step, cold-climate geochronology:(1) Atmospheric precipitation and surface accumulation of an icy mantle during recent high obliquities.(2) Regional or local triple-point conditions and thaw/evaporation of the mantle, either by exogenic forcing, i.e. obliquity-driven rises of aerial and sub-aerial temperatures, or endogenic forcing, i.e. along Argyre impact-related basement structures.(3) Meltwater migration into the regolith, at least to the full depth of the depressions.(4) Freeze-thaw cycling and the formation of excess ice.(5) Sublimation of the excess ice and depression formation as high obliquity dissipates and near-surface ice becomes unstable.The Type-2 depressions exhibit characteristics suggestive of (supra-glacial) dead-ice basins and snow/ice suncups observed in high-alpine landscapes on Earth, e.g. the Swiss Alps and the Himalayas. Like the Type-1 depressions, the Type-2 depressions could be the work of sublimation; however, the latter differ from the former in that they seem to develop within a glacial-like icy mantle that blankets the surface rather than within an ice-rich and periglacially-revised regolith at/near the surface.Interestingly, the Type-2 depressions overlie the Type-1 depressions at some locations. If the periglacial/glacial morphological and stratigraphical dichotomy of depressions is valid, then this points to recent glaciation at some locations within the AR being precursed by at least one episode of periglaciation. This also suggests that periglaciation has a deeper history in the region than has been thought hitherto. Moreover, if the hypothesised differences amongst the Argyre-based depressions are mirrored in Utopia Planitia and Malea Planum, then perhaps this periglacial-glacial dichotomy and its associated geochronology are as relevant to understanding late period landscape-evolution in these two regions as it is in the AR

Best-Arm Identification in Linear Bandits

We study the best-arm identification problem in linear bandit, where the rewards of the arms depend linearly on an unknown parameter $\theta^*$ and the objective is to return the arm with the largest reward. We characterize the complexity of the problem and introduce sample allocation strategies that pull arms to identify the best arm with a fixed confidence, while minimizing the sample budget. In particular, we show the importance of exploiting the global linear structure to improve the estimate of the reward of near-optimal arms. We analyze the proposed strategies and compare their empirical performance. Finally, as a by-product of our analysis, we point out the connection to the $G$-optimality criterion used in optimal experimental design.Comment: In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27 (NIPS), 201

The Retail Romanian Market and the Functional Integrated Commercial Centers

The Romanian trade is passing through a transforming process, both for what the nature of the involved economic agents are concerned and the methods, techniques, knowledge etc. necessary for the activities within this economic field. Many of the favourable changes have been produced both under the influence of the large foreign retail groups (especially the European ones), present at the moment on the Romanian market too, and the impact of certain legislative regulations applicable in this field. Right from the beginning of the “post December” period, there was an imperative need as far as the trade development was concerned, as well as the creation of an urban framework that should offer optimal conditions to carry out trading activities. The implementation of the foreign retail groups (including the large commercial centers) has brought to our country the practices and commercial policies encountered in the civilized world, imposing at the same time the practice of the real competition, accompanied by a series of more or less favourable consequences, both at the local and national level. By the mid of March 2008, the hypermarket and supermarket type of market chains, discount and cash & carry markets (over 40) is going through an extension process, a fact which is to be observed in the huge number of markets in Romania, the Romanian market being open for the foreign investments.commercial centre, retail market, hypermarket, supermarket, discount market, cash & carry market, urban centre.

Plural marking in argument supporting nominalizations

This paper investigates the conditions under which Argument Supporting Nominalizations (ASNs) can receive plural marking. Under ASNs, we discuss deverbal nouns that express an event and preserve argument structure. In our discussion we consider ASNs in Romanian, English and German

Curricular Approach of Education. Effects on Evaluation Design

AbstractThis study aims at emphasizing the pedagogical effects of curriculum paradigm, as the postmodern education theoretical and praxiological model on design and implementation of evaluation in the didactic process. Evaluation, as a main element of instruction process, besides teaching and learning, must be conceived and realized as an effect of curricular approach of education and instruction. This way of thinking leads to a certain path in evaluation projecting and realization, aspect which will be highlighted in the present study. Thus, the processual perspective on evaluation asks for reflection on the role of evaluation in the projecting and implementation of both objectives of instruction, contents, didactic methodology, projection of evaluation instruments (as products of evaluation) and the context of instruction realization

Perspectives on Designing the Competence Based Curriculum

AbstractThe present paper aims at emphasizing the effects of considering the competence, as the main curriculum organizer in curriculum development, bringing into discussion the curricular architecture that should define this new approach. The methodology of research focuses on a theoretical innovative approach on the ways the rational design model meets the challenges of the competence based curriculum (CBC) design process, the research presenting several contributions to the theoretical and practical development of the field. There are analyzed the different models of defining the competence and there are proposed innovative perspectives on the way that the concept of competence must be addressed as well as the possible implications on the curriculum theory and practice