Cleaning and Restoration of an Oil Painting with a Polymer Gel in Iran

One of the major stages in the conservation and restoration of a painting is to clean its colored surface of unwanted stains, and old and darkened varnishes. Various solvents have been used to date for this purpose; however, new cleaning materials have also come onto the market in the past decade that are still unknown and may never have been employed in Iran. The present study aims to introduce a polymer gel and use an in vitro sample of the substance for cleaning and to then present the results of the tests carried out. Applying a polymer gel in the cleaning of paintings yielded better results and greater advantages over the solvents previously used to clean artworks. The advantages include, performing on the surface without penetrating the lower layers, the absence of residues after application, flexibility, solubility and the gentle removal of old stains and varnishes, maintaining clarity and cleaning the surface by simple removal of the thin dried layer, which requires no mechanical pressure. Microscopic examinations and pH testing showed that this new alternative technique can be of use in cleaning the color layers of oil paintings

Characterization of the Transcriptional Properties of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus.

The transcriptional properties of equine infectious anemia virus were examined in two distinct equine cell lines in which the virus establishes either a persistent or a cytopathic infection. Northern hybridization analyses were performed to determine the number, sizes, and relative levels of the EIAV transcripts encoded during persistent or cytopathic infections. Three species of viral mRNA were detected in infected cells: an 8.2-kb full-length genomic mRNA, a 3.5-kb single-spliced mRNA, and a low abundance 1.5-kb mRNA, presumably formed by a double-splicing event of the full-length mRNA. Analysis of the levels of EIAV-specific RNA\u27s present during persistent and cytopathic infections has revealed that quantitative differences characterize the transcriptional patterns of EIAV in these two infections. In persistently infected FEK cells the 8.2- and 3.5-kb mRNA\u27s are the predominant viral transcripts and are detected in approximately equal concentrations, while the 1.5-kb mRNA is detected at very low levels. During the cytopathic infection of FDD cells, however, the 3.5-kb mRNA is the predominant viral transcript, comprising nearly 75% of the total viral mRNA, while the 8.2- and 1.5-kb mRNA\u27s constitute the remaining 25% of viral transcripts. Moreover, the cytopathic infection is characterized by almost a thirty-fold higher level of viral transcripts than those detected during the persistent infection. The splicing patterns of the full-length EIAV mRNA during the cytopathic infection were determined by cDNA cloning and sequencing, Northern hybridization analyses using splice donor-specific oligonucleotide probes, and S1 nuclease mapping of RNA from virus-infected cells. The results have identified the splice donor and acceptor sites used to generate the spliced mRNA\u27s of EIAV in infected cells. The expression of a putative regulatory protein of EIAV from a structural viral gene was investigated by analysis of in vitro and in vivo expression products. In vitro transcription and translation along with in vivo expression in transfected COS-7 cells were used to analyze the expression of the viral env gene. Based on the results of these studies, a potential mechanism for co-expression of two separate proteins from the env mRNA is proposed

ELECTROLYTIC DEPOSITION OF MgO ON STAINLESS STEEL SUBSTRATE

The main objective of this thesis was to fabricate and characterize magnesium oxide coating on stainless steel alloy (SAE 316L). Electrolytic processing, followed by sintering was used for making it. Coating the heater tubes used in refinery industry with magnesium oxide is expected to increase the oxidation and corrosion resistance of the tubes. Fabrication of magnesium oxide coating was a two-step process. First, a magnesium hydroxide coating was deposited on the SAE 316L stainless steel substrate in an electrochemical bath and then the magnesium hydroxide was converted to magnesium oxide during sintering. The substrate was electropolished in a 15% sulfuric acid solution before immersing in the electrochemical bath. Electrolytic processing parameters such as deposition time and voltage were optimized and others like the distance between anode and cathode, concentration of magnesium ions in the solution and the surface area of the cathode and the anode were kept constant. The microstructure and texture of the magnesium hydroxide coating was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Sintering parameters were also optimized. Corrosion and oxidation resistance of the fabricated coating were compared to that of the uncoated sample in both high and room temperature. The hardness of the magnesium oxide coating was measured using a nano-hardness tester. The developed coating has uniform and crack free surface

The effect of cushion of air on vibration transmitted to vehicle drivers based on standard

زمینه و هدف: ارتعاش تمام بدن (WBV) از دلایل اصلی اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی رانندگان است. یک روش برای کاهش ارتعاش استفاده از وسیله عایق می باشد. در این تحقیق، جهت کاهش میزان ارتعاش از یک تشکچه هوا استفاده شده و با اندازه گیری ارتعاش منتقله به رانندگان قبل و بعد از استفاده از تشکچه، اثربخشی آن در کنترل ارتعاش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش بررسی: این مطالعه، مداخله ای و بر روی 95 نفر از رانندگان شرکت واحد اتوبوسرانی انجام شد. پارامترهای ارتعاش در سه محور ورود ارتعاش به بدن، در دو مرحله قبل و بعد از قرار دادن تشکچه بر روی صندلی راننده توسط دستگاه ارتعاش سنج اندازه گیری و با استفاده از آزمون آماری t زوجی مقایسه شدند. یافته ها: مقایسه مقادیر ارتعاش قبل و بعد از استفاده تشکچه نشان داد که ماکزیمم فشار (Pmax) در محورهای X،Y به ترتیب(m/s2) 2921/0 و (m/s2) 3081/0 کاهش (05/0

The effect of modern Iranian family culture towards high-density vertical development housing design

Housing is one of the ways in which a product of architecture can accommodate a family culture. Modern middle-class Iranian families face great difficulties in adjusting their culture to their modern vertical housing since the latter is completely modelled from Western culture. The main objective of this study is to provide guidelines for the design of highdensity vertical housing that would suit the Iranian middle class family culture. Accordingly, this study highlights the common patterns associated with the daily routine of middle-class Iranian families, their occasional rituals, and the existing problems they face in regard to their daily rituals, cultural activities, and religious rites when living in modern vertical housing. By focusing on the possibilism theories, this qualitative descriptive research selected the strategy of multiple case studies under constructivism paradigm. The data collection methods include direct observation, semi-structured single face-to-face interviews (n=13), semi-structured focus group interviews (n=9), and photograph taking. In regard to the saturation criterion in the data collection procedure, 16 Iranian middle-class families in the new city of Parand, and the symbol of future Iranian cities, were studied. The collected data were analysed through descriptive, qualitative content and via plan layout analysis methods. The findings consist of descriptions of the life patterns of studied families within the modern vertical house setting. Space limitations of modern housing units suggest reducing the size of the bedroom so that non-related activities can be transferred to the living room. Besides, simple rectangle of the living room and the kitchen must be divided into several smaller areas with possible integration to support the aforementioned transferred activities. Additionally, the hierarchy of sight and physical accessibility will be enhanced through provision of a private family circulation way. Conclusively, the suggested modern Iranian vertical housing is more suited to the lifestyle of middle-class Iranian families by only 20% area growth in comparison to the existing vertical housing

Core Capabilities Oriented Design Strategic Planning Pattern Bandar Abass Oil Refining Company : Case Study in Iran

Using the core capabilities is essential agent for gaining competitive advantages. In order to  the present study has been done  to identify a model for core competencies and so appropriate strategies based on that was carried out in Bandar Abbas Oil Refining Company. In research total population was considered 51 people, including middle managers, operational and senior experts as the sample and by using scientific literature discussions and expert opinions a questionnaire with three sections was designed including 45 central features were included to determine the main features. After collecting data by using the spss software, Somers’d test and the calculations of data in 2 dimensions including relative power and strategic importance was done. The aforementioned abilities in the form of matrix ability were identified in four areas: unrelated region, unused capacities, lack of capabilities and core capabilities. The mean (average numbers) are as follow: Capabilities Training and development system-system integration and supply of human resources with out - System of maintaining human resources-job health and safety management systems-Environmental management systems-maintenance and repairs system-strong organizational culture-teamwork, team building -and development affording financial matters-conscientious commitment and work ethics-improvement of processes-health administration system and bribery and corruption combat-were placed in the area of main capacities and appropriate strategies were developed. Keywords:  Strategic Planning, core capabilities, competency, Resources, Strateg

Designing and validation a visual fatigue questionnaire for video display terminals operators

Background: Along with the rapid growth of technology its related tools such as computer, monitors and video display terminals (VDTs) grow as well. Based on the studies, the most common complaint reported is of the VDT users. Methods: This study attempts to design a proper tool to assess the visual fatigue of the VDT users. First draft of the questionnaire was prepared after a thorough study on the books, papers and similar questionnaires. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using the content validity index (CVI) beside that of the Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha. Then, a cross-sectional study was carried out on 248 of the VDT users in different professions. A theoretical model with four categories of symptoms of visual fatigue was derived from the previous studies and questionnaires. Having used the AMOS16 software, the construct validity of the questionnaire was evaluated using the confirmatory factor analysis. The correlation co-efficiency of the internal domains was calculated using the SPSS 11.5 software. To assess the quality check index and determining the visual fatigue levels, visual fatigue of the VDT users was measured by the questionnaire and visual fatigue meter (VFM) device. Cut-off points were identified by receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: CVI and reliability co-efficiency were both equal to 0.75. Model fit indices including root mean of squared error approximation, goodness of fit index and adjusted goodness of fit index were obtained 0.026, 0.96 and 0.92 respectfully. The correlation between the results measured with the questionnaire and VFM-90.1 device was-0.87. Cut-off points of the questionnaire were 0.65, 2.36 and 3.88. The confirmed questionnaire consists of four main areas: Eye strain (4 questions), visual impairment (5 questions) and the surface impairment of the eye (3 questions) and the out of eye problems (3 questions). Conclusions: The visual fatigue questionnaire contains 15 questions and has a very remarkable validity and reliability. Usingthis questionnaire and its findings, one will be able to identify, assess and finally prevent the effective factors of VDT users' visual fatigue

A study on stocks of trap s fishes in Abumusa Island

This report is about coral-reefs around Abumosa lsland from January 1998 till February 1999 by trap and underwater visual census. Total species belonging to genus and family were idemtified and length-weight relationship were estimated for more frequent species. Small tooth emperor (Lethrinus microdon) was predominate from other species. Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) calculated for each trap (large, medium and small). Efforts were based on number of trap and day. Cupue of small and large traps was further in late summer compare other seasons. Results of catch analysis showed that no differ catch value (eatable, fishes, ornamental fishes and total catch) between small-medium and medium-large traps. Value catch wasn t significant difference between three depth (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30m) and four geographical side, too. But, catch value of ornamental fishes was significant difference between depths 0-10 and 20-30 meter