Hardness of water and its impact on the human body

We all know that water is one of the most important molecules in the earth and the human body, so our work is dedicated to the research of the physical parameter as water hardness and its impact on the human body. It is known that hard water can have a negative impact not only on the technical and communication devices, but also on living beings. Therefore, the research of the effect of this indicator, depending on its quantitative value to the organism in any region is very important

Space saving generalization of B-trees with 23 utilization

AbstractThe paper studies balanced trees with variable length records. It generalizes the concept of B-tree with unfixed key length introduced in [1] and S(1)-tree of [2]. The main property of the new trees, called S(b)-trees, is their local incompressibility. That is, any sequence consisting of b + 1 neighboring nodes of the tree cannot be compressed into a b well formed node. The case of S(2)-trees is studied in detail. For these trees, 23 − ε utilization lower bound is proven, where ε is inversely proportional to the tree branching. Logarithmic running time algorithms for search, insertion, and deletion are presented

Alterations of constitutive pericentromeric heterochromatin in lymphocytes of cancer patients and lymphocytes exposed to 5-azacytidine is associated with DNA-hypomethylation

DNA hypomethylation plays a key role in carcinogenesis. The malignant transformation of cells as well as tumor progression is accompanied with increasing DNA hypomethylation in cancer cells. Nevertheless, the evolution of dis-epigenetic genomic alteration in the somatic cellular malignant transformation has not yet been clear. Aim: To study the relationship between the pattern of genomic DNA hypomethylation and DNA hyperploidy. Methods: The model of 5-azacytidine demethylating DNA treatment of the mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes in parallel with patients with solid cancer has been explored. DNA content was measured by quantitative DAPI and Hoechst 33258 fluorescence in situ hybridization on interphase nuclei. The conventional mitogen-stimulated blood lymphocyte culture development was performed in metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei assay. The light and fluorescent cytomorphological microscopy was performed. Results: The model 5-azacytidine induced DNA demethylation results in increased DNA hyperploidy accompanying major pericentromeric heterochromatin (Alu) DNA repeats amplification similar to those during DNA hypomethylation-associated cancer events, and both contributed to nuclear heteropycnosis development. The constitutive pericentromeric heterochromatin consequent morphological disturbance to the latent polytene chromomerization and heteropycnosis development both in cancer patients and in model 5-azacytidine exposured lymphocytes are associated whith DNA hypomethylation. Conclusion: We have observed that the induced global DNA hypomethylation triggers dis-epigenetic morphological reprogramming of constitutive pericentromeric heterochromatin on the extrachromosomal organization pathway as seen during the heterochromatin latent polytene features development, which is of importance as one of the mechanism involving DNA hypomethylation in initiation and progression of cancer.ДНК-гипометилирование играет ключевую роль в канцерогенезе. Маллигнизация, как и прогрессия опухоли, сопровождается увеличением гипометилирования ДНК в опухолевых клетках. Тем не менее до сих пор вопросы эволюции дис-эпигенетических геномных изменений в соматической клеточной злокачественной трансформации, связанной с ДНК-гипометилированием, остаются невыясненными. Цель: исследовать взаимоотношения между характером геномного ДНК-гипометилирования и ДНК-гиперплоидностью. Методы: в модельной системе ДНК-деметилирования 5-азацитидином обрабатывали митогенстимулированные лимфоциты и лимфоциты периферической крови онкобольных с солидными опухолями. Содержание ДНК определялось на основе количественной DAPI и Hoechst 33258 флуоресценции интерфазных лимфоцитов. Фитогемагглютининстимулированная культура лимфоцитов использовалась для исследования метафазных хромосом и интерфазных ядер с помощью световой и флуоресцентной микроскопии. Результаты: модельное действие 5-азацитидина увеличивает соматическую ДНК-гиперплоидность, которая сопровождается направленной амплификацией основных перицентромерных Alu ДНК-повторов, подобно таковой при онкологическом процессе, ассоциированном с геномным гипометилированием, что вносит вклад в развитие ядерного гетеропикноза. Выводы: выявлено, что индуцированное глобальное гипометилирование ДНК запускает дис-эпигенетическое репрограммирование конститутивного перицентромерного гетерохроматина по пути экстрахромосомной организации, как показано в развитии латентной политении гетерохроматина, которая является одним из ключевых механизмов вовлечения гипометилирования в инициацию развития и прогрессию опухолей

Hardness of water and its impact on the human body

We all know that water is one of the most important molecules in the earth and the human body, so our work is dedicated to the research of the physical parameter as water hardness and its impact on the human body. It is known that hard water can have a negative impact not only on the technical and communication devices, but also on living beings. Therefore, the research of the effect of this indicator, depending on its quantitative value to the organism in any region is very important

Teaching translation: objectives and methods

The article is focused on the set of items: teaching translation, objectives, exercises and assignments (both word-centered and text-centered translation), translation analysis. The choice of the items is motivated by the dominant functions of transatology (nominative and communicative). The latter succeed in identification of adequate, congruent, equivalent translation. The article discusses the problems of professional validity, theoretical insertions, textocentric analysis. Gains, achievements, goals and perspective vistas are the highlights herein. The ways of translation adaptation have been outlined, among them are conceptualization, de-focusing, redundancy (language economy). The rendering of the original texts into target ones brings the diversity of the exercises and assignments what is the focus centre of the paper. The paper gives an opportunity to make translation analyses of the original and target texts. Semantic isotopy, textual non-linearity, self-organization, rhisomatic way of arranging textual cohesion and coherence, ramified architectonics and interpretation plurality remain actual, urgent, still unsolved problems in translatology. The major principles are manifested in conceptualization, de-focusing, expanse, redundancy (language economy) specific arrangement

POLYFUNCTIONALITY OF ENGLISH QUANTITATIVE WORDS

The article in question considers the functioning of quantitative units, their language and speech aspects. The iIntroduction is focused on the most significant items of the reports – definition of numerals, words of weight and measure, aims, methods of investigation, empiric materials applied, evolution modifications and perspectives of further study.

У царині номінативних і комунікативних одиниць

У статті йдеться про схожі та відмінні риси номінативних і комунікативних одиниць, про природу вихідних та похідних конструювань (на матеріалі слів та текстів). Намічаються перспективи подальшого дослідження. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2785В статье исследуются общие и отличительные черты номинативных и коммуникативных единиц, природа исходных и производных конструирований (на материале слов и текстов). Намечаются перспективы дальнейшего исследования. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2785The article in question deals with the common and distinctive features of the nominative and communicative units, the nature of the initial and secondary constructions considering words and texts. Perspectives are being mentioned. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/278

Статус мовчання у комунікативній діяльності

У тезах йдеться про статус комунікативного мовчання, типи, витоки, значущість та маркери його позначення у художньому дискурсі. Поліаспектність, полімодальність та поліфункціональність мовчання об’єктивують інтерес учених різних студій до зазначеного концепту, а саме – силенціального ефекту. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/25254The paper in question considers communicative silence, its types, sources, markers of exteriorization in the English discourse. Linguists of different trends pay much of their attention to the relevant problems due to polyaspectedness, polymodality and polyfunctionality of the phenomenon. The integrity of verbal and nonverbal markers of silent effect is being dealt with in terms of outer and inner structures. The perspective vectors are being mentioned. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2525

In Search of Translators’ Efficiency

An interpreter communicates comfortably with people in another culture provided he is quite at ease both with language and culture differences in T1 and T3 cycles. Effectiveness depends much on an interpreter who sees the whole iceberg deep within the ocean just as much as culture is deep within people. Thus, training process is volumous and multiaspected. It prepares trainees for a thorny path of bringing people with different languages and cultures together. Language is the bearer and the expression of a culture (a certain cast of mind, certain attitudes, certain understandings of values) and all of that has to be adequately conveyed through interpretation. Interpreting is not only an attempt to convey the literal meaning of the words but also the values and the concepts that lie behind what is being said by whichever side. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2670

Lacunarity vs. translation

Lacunar spots work in many domains. Translation has also a wide range of interest. The process of conveying and rendering hidden thoughts is of consistent emphasis of scholars. Dark places (gaps) are not to be deleted otherwise adequate information will be lost in translation. Vistas of lacunarity are opened for brain-trust both at home and abroad. Many a problem is to be solved therein. The major questions refer to taxonomy, choice of methods. Pertinent is the process of delacunization (getting implicit, hidden information) – non-verbalized, non-literal in the original texts, but highly valuable within target ones. Translation works with nominative and communicative units, their outer and inner structures. Preference is given to the latter ones. Semantics and pragmatics come to the forefront in terms of adequate rendering of congruent information