ANALISA INTERFERENSI CO-CHANNEL PADA SISTEM KOMUNIKASI LOCAL MULTIPOINT DISTRIBUTION SERVICE(LMDS)

LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution Service) adalah teknologi Broadband Wireless Access yang menggunakan sinyal microwave yang beroperasi antara 20 – 40 GHz. Penggunaan gelombang millimeter dengan frekuensi diatas 10 GHz sangat rentan terhadap gangguan terutama redaman hujan Selain itu, masalah interferensi dari base station lain juga mempengaruhi kinerja LMDS Dalam analisis ini, dampak dari curah hujan, kerimbunan dedaunan dan polarisasi sangat diperhitungkan pada LMDS yang menggunakan sel persegi dengan arsitektur polarisasi tunggal dan arsitektur polarisasi interleaving pada antena base station sehingga didapatkan perbandingan rata-rata sinyal terhadap rata-rata interferensi (Ŝ/Î) yang merupakan variasi skala besar dari sinyal yang direpresentasikan dari distribusi lognormal dan nilai rata-rata aturan model power law. Prosentase probabilitas rata-rata sinyal terhadap rata-rata interferensi atau Ŝ/Î (dB) 0,01% pada arsitektur polarisasi tunggal horisontal ketika berada pada kerimbunan pepohonan tingkat rendah hingga tinggi (m dari 4 hingga 6) diperoleh saat m=4 sebesar -15 dB, m=5 sebesar - 10 dB, dan m=6 sebesar -5 dB. Untuk polarisasi interleaving , nilai prosentase probabilitas ratarata sinyal terhadap rata-rata interferensi atau Ŝ/Î (dB) 0,01% diperoleh ketika m=4 sebesar 23 dB, m=5 sebesar 30 dB, dan m=6 sebesar 37 dB. Didapatkan nilai Ŝ/Î yang lebih baik ketika menggunakan arsitektur seluler interleaving karena polarisasi yang berbeda mengurangi interferensi sehingga mengoptimasi kesediaan bandwidth. Kata Kunci: Redaman Hujan, Interferensi Co- Channel, Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS), Perbandingan Rata-rata Sinyal terhadap Rata-rata Interferensi (Ŝ/Î

Teaching a Large Multi-Level Class Using Different Strategies and Activities to Motivate English Language Learning

Many challenges face English language teachers today, but two common problems in Ecuador specifically in universities are large class sizes and multi-level students. These problems can create boredom, anxiety, and over all lack of interest in English language learning. It is shown in this article how to combat these particular problems through various strategies utilized to teach to the students’ needs, help them work together and intrinsically motivate them to learn different English language skills, specifically grammar and sentence structure. These strategies include group work, task-based learning, the inverted or flipped classroom, role-play and intrinsic learning. The author explains how these strategies work in a specific group of university pupils in Ecuador to overcome these specific problems in a classroom, but without student participation they can be flawed

Using Covert Means to Establish Cybercraft Command and Control

With the increase in speed and availability of computers, our nation\u27s computer and information systems are being attacked with increased sophistication. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Information Directorate (RI) is researching a next generation network defense architecture, called Cybercraft, that provides automated and trusted cyber defense capabilities for AF network assets. This research we consider the issues to protect or obfuscate command and control aspects of Cybercraft. In particular, we present a methodology to hide aspects of Cybercraft platform initialization in context to formation of hierarchical, peer-to-peer groups that collectively form the Cybercraft network. Because malicious code networks (known as botnets) currently manifest many properties of obfuscating command and control sequencing, we evaluate and consider our proposed methodology in light of leading bot detection algorithms. This research subjects Bothunter to a series of tests to validate these claims. We use a leading bot detection utility, Bothunter, and an ARP validation tool, XArp, to build a case for the effectiveness of our approach. We present three scenarios that correlate to how we believe Cybercraft platforms integrate in the future and consider stealthiness in terms of these representative tools. Our research gives emphasis on measurable hiding related to the Cybercraft initialization sequence, and we show how common network protocols such as ARP, HTTP, and DNS may be modified to carry C2 commands while evading common detection methods found in current tools

Integrating EFL skills for authentically teaching specific grammar and vocabulary

When a person uses a language in an authentic setting, skills such as speaking, reading, writing and listening are naturally integrated to achieve communicative competence. Therefore, this research is based on the use of a content-based instruction model and the communicative language approach to teach English as a foreign language (EFL). The activities described in this article integrate language skills using communicative activities to learn and practice the present perfect and associated new vocabulary. All the skills were evaluated through qualitative informal assessments and quantitative formal testing to see if the chosen strategies could aid in attaining the goals set by the professor and could allow for authentic learning by the participants. This qualitative and quantitative research used 33 sample students, pre- and post-evaluations of all four skills, and questionnaires about the students’ knowledge of the present perfect post-treatment and the opinions of the students about the types of strategies and educational models used to integrate the four language skills in their classes. These results were then used to find out how these teaching strategies could aid in student teaching-learning. The tools used aided in the results were to find out how to integrate communication skills throughout the lessons in the classroom to allow for a more fluid and in-depth learning experience for the intermediate students that participated in this research done at UNAE, Ecuador

THE USE OF THE ECLECTIC METHOD IN AN ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASSROOM FOR LEARNING SPECIFIC SKILLS

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the need of basing activities, tasks and skill learning in the English language classroom on not just one approach, model or method in order to create a whole diverse learning environment.  This method of teaching and creating engaging English language activities is based on the eclectic approach discussed by Kumar (2013) who states how this method allows the students to have less stress while learning, recognize very clear learning points, and complete multiple tasks while participating in a high interactive class with energetic learning experiences and quick necessary results. It will specifically look at how the use of various approaches, theories and models used in the English language classroom in Ecuador can create an environment that intrinsically allows the learner to be more comfortable, learn faster, and gain more out of a class in a shorter amount of time. This is fundamental because the authors personal experience in high school and university level shows classes tend to have many students (30 or more) and curriculum is created with the intent for students to learn large amounts of information, but is normally not allotted enough vital classroom face to face hours. Using the eclectic approach allows the teacher to better cover the necessary skills, tasks and activities for students to be able to learn, understand and ultimately gain the knowledge quintessential to becoming competent in speaking, reading, writing and listening in English in a large classroom setting in a shorter amount of time

Pengaruh Latihan Keseimbangan Terhadap Penurunan Risiko Jatuh Pada Lansia

Latar belakang: Pada lansia terjadi penurunan fisiologis sistem muskuloskeletal, yaitu penurunan jumlah dan ukuran serabut otot, sehingga terjadi penurunan kekuatan otot ekstremitas bawah, ketahanan, koordinasi serta terbatasnya range of motion (ROM) yang menyebabkan gangguan keseimbangan sehingga menyebabkan jatuh pada lansia. Latihan keseimbangan dapat dijadikan alternatif bagi lansia. Tujuan penelitian: untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan keseimbangan terhadap penurunan risiko jatuh pada lansia. Metode penelitian: dengan pendekatan quasi eksperiment dan desain penelitian pre and post test with control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah wanita lansia anggota posyandu Lansia di Ngadisono Kadipiro Surakarta yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi selama 3 minggu. Total sampel sebanyak 30 responden dengan rincian pada kelompok perlakuan 15 responden, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol terdapat 15 responden. Hasil penelitian dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji Paired Sample T-Test dan Independen Sample T-Test. Hasil penelitian: uji statistic kelompok perlakuan menggunakan Paired Sample T-Test didapatkan hasil p= 0,001, berarti ada pengaruh latihan keseimbangan terhadap penurunan risiko jatuh pada lansia. Independent Sample T-Test didapatkan hasil p= 0,001, berarti ada perbedaan pengaruh antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol setelah diberikan latihan keseimbangan terhadap penurunan risiko jatuh pada lansia

Strategi Kepala Sekolah Untuk Meningkatkan Keterlibatan Orang Tua Dalam Pendidikan Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Keterlibatan orang tua merupakan aspek krusial dalam membentuk pendidikan berkualitas di masa pandemi. Tidak hanya berkaitan dengan capaian akademik siswa, tetapi juga terhadap program-program dan kebijakan yang diambil oleh sekolah. Meskipun demikian, praktik keterlibatan orang tua di Indonesia masih belum optimal. Latar belakang orang tua, terbatasnya ruang gerak orang tua untuk berpartisipasi, serta kurangnya antusiasme orang tua untuk terlibat menjadi pemicu kurang maksimalnya keterlibatan orang tua dalam pendidikan masa pandemi. Hal ini menempatkan urgensi dari strategi kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan keterlibatan orang tua. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi kasus kualitatif pada SD Kreatif Insan Rabbani, Gedangan, Sidoarjo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Strategi yang digunakan oleh kepala sekolah berfokus pada penciptaan lingkungan positif terhadap keterlibatan orang tua melalui komunikasi berkelanjutan, pemberian fasilitas yang dibutuhkan siswa dan orang tua selama masa pandemi, bersikap terbuka kepada masukan dan saran, serta pemberian bantuan professional dan sejawat kepada guru. (2) Faktor yang menunjang keberhasilan strategi ini adalah adanya visi yang kuat dari kepala sekolah akan pelibatan orang tua serta kerja sama tim yang baik antar elemen sekolah. (3) Faktor penghambat adalah kurangnya ketersediaan fasilitas dan keterbatasan waktu orang tua untuk terlibat.Kata Kunci: keterlibatan orang tua, strategi kepala sekolah, pandemi Covid-1

Seasonal Carotenoid Variation in American Kestrels

Carotenoids are micronutrient pigments produced by plants that may convey immunological benefits to consumers. Animals with high levels of carotenoid intake may have improved health and higher survival. American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) from broods hatched early in the breeding season are more likely to survive and return to the breeding population than birds hatched later in the season. We hypothesized that breeding adults and nestlings may be affected by seasonal patterns in primary productivity that lead to changes in prey quality and availability; therefore affecting carotenoid intake. We collected blood samples from American Kestrels breeding in nestboxes south of Boise, Idaho and measured carotenoid concentrations via spectrophotometry. Our results supported our hypothesis that there are seasonal patterns in carotenoid availability, but trends did not match our predictions. Adult birds did show seasonal declines in carotenoids, while nestlings showed seasonal increases. Further, adult carotenoid levels did not predict nestling levels and there was high annual variation in carotenoid concentrations. Circulating carotenoids may be affected by factors other than food intake (i.e., hormones) making trend difficult to interpret

Pembukaan Konsulat Jenderal Australia di Makassar Sebagai Upaya Mempererat Hubungan Kerjasama Australia dengan Indonesia Bagian Timur

This research aims to describe the prospect of billateral relationship between Australia and Eastern Indonesia through the existence of Australian Consulate- General in Makassar. Specifically, this research aims to know (1) the background of the opening of Australian Consulate-General in Makassar and (2) the role of Australian Consulate-General in Makassar to establish relationship with Eastern Indonesia. The method of this research is qualitative descriptive which describes the prospect of the opening of Australian Consulate-General in Makassar to strengthen its relationship with Eastern Indonesia. The data collection method used by the author is library research sourced from many literatures such as books, journals, documents, articles, and other medias such as internet, newspapers, and magazines, also use interview method to the Consul-General of Australian Consulate-General in Makassar. The result of this research shows that as a neighbour-state, Australia in its commitment to strengthen good relations with Indonesia should increase and escalate their performance of improving its cooperation between both countries to be more intense and tight by not only touch the center of Indonesia itself but also have to reach other parts of Indonesia as well as Eastern Indonesia. A lot of promotion that related to culture, education, and tourism of the Australian itself and also many programs have been planned and done by the Australian Consulate-General in Makassar with provincial government in Eastern Indonesia in order to reinforce its relationship between both countries.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan prospek hubungan kerja sama bilateral Australia dengan Indonesia bagian timur melalui keberadaan Konsulat Jenderal Australia di Makassar. Secara spesifik, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) latar belakang pembukaan Konsulat Jenderal Australia di Makassar dan (2) peranan Konsulat Jenderal Australia di Makassar dalam menjalin hubungan kerja sama dengan Indonesia bagian timur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penyusunan skripsi ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif yang akan menjelaskan bagaimana prospek pembukaan Konsulat Jenderal Australia di Makassar dalam rangka kerjasama dengan Indonesia bagian timur. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan penulis adalah telaah pustaka yang bersumber dari buku, jurnal, dokumen, artikel, serta dari berbagai media lainnya seperti internet, majalah ataupun surat kabar harian, dan juga metode wawancara yang dilakukan kepada Perwakilan Konsuler Konsulat Jenderal Australia di Makassar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagai negara tetangga, Australia dalam komitmennya untuk menjalin hubungan baik dengan Indonesia perlu meningkatkan hubungan kerja sama yang lebih intens dan tidak hanya berpusat di kawasan ibukota saja, akan tetapi juga di Kawasan Timur Indonesia yang masih perlu pengembangan. Berbagai promosi budaya, pendidikan, pariwisata, serta program-program telah dicanangkan dan dilakukan oleh Konsulat Jenderal Australia di Makassar bersama dengan pemerintah provinsi di Kawasan Timur Indonesia untuk semakin mempererat hubungan bilateral kedua negara tersebut

Potensi Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv) dalam Produksi Etanol Menggunakan Bakteri Zymomonas mobilis

Sumber selulosa yang murah dan melimpah dapat diperoleh dari gulma alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv). Produksi etanol dari bahan baku selulosa alang-alang umumnya difermentasikan oleh yeast. Pada penelitian ini fermentasi dilakukan menggunakan bakteri Zymomonas mobilis. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November 2012 hingga Mei 2013 di laboratorium Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, ITS. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi alang-alang (I. cylindrica (L) Beauv.) dalam produksi etanol menggunakan bakteri Z. mobilis pada konsentrasi inokulum dan waktu fermentasi yang optimum. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam tiga langkah utama yaitu pretreatment substrat, hidrolisis enzimatik oleh Penicillium sp., dan fermentasi etanol oleh Z. mobilis. Fermentasi dilakukan menggunakan berbagai perlakuan konsentrasi inokulum (0, 5, 10, dan 15%) dan lama fermentasi (0, 3, 5, 7, dan 9 days) serta dianalisa menggunakan uji Analysis of Varians (ANOVA). Masing-masing perlakuan dilakuan 2 kali pengulangan, sehingga diperoleh 40 unit percobaan dengan parameter yang diamati adalah kadar etanol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alang-alang (I. cylindrica (L.) Beauv.) berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan baku produksi etanol dengan konsentrasi etanol tertinggi diperoleh dari interaksi antara 10% konsentrasi inokulum Z. mobilis dan waktu fermentasi 7 hari yaitu sebesar 9,02 % (v/v