International Business for Peace: Adopting an Academic Peace Education Approach to Encourage Corporate Peacebuilding

Treball Final de Màster Universitari en Estudis Internacionals de Pau, Conflictes i Desenvolupament (Pla de 2013). Codi: SBG120. Curs acadèmic: 2019/2020Direct, structural and cultural forms of violence are deeply rooted in and exacerbated by the complex web of international business operations today. On the other hand, conflictsensitive and ecologically regenerative approaches, are gaining increased attention from policy makers, business managers, and researchers across diverse fields. This evokes the question on how to leverage peacebuilding expertise for international business management to enable future business leaders to take responsible decisions. This master thesis aims at providing a response by tailoring a peace education project for university students at one of Germany’s most reputable business studies program. First, this thesis develops a conceptual framework based on research at the business – peace nexus. Second, the project life cycle, including project definition, planning, implementation, evaluation and closing, is explained in detail. Third and last, the conclusion includes limitations of the project and future efforts towards bringing peace to life

Linking legal scenarios to empirical data: process- tracing as a methodology in law

Different legal rules can lead to the same observable outcome, making it difficult to identify the most influential rule. This article addresses this gap by focusing on how competing explanatory theories derived from a doctrinal analysis can be assessed using a methodology called process-tracing. One of process-tracing’s main uses is to link explanatory theories to empirical evidence, permitting an assessment of causal mechanisms’ practical impact in comparison to each other. This article demonstrates the potential and practical implementation of process-tracing in the context of empirical legal research. In addition to the core characteristics of process-tracing, the paper clarifies when process-tracing can add to a doctrinal analysis and the requirements which have to be met. Furthermore, the process of linking doctrinal work with empirical evidence relying on process-tracing is shown, using the example of copyright ownership in the broadcasting sector. As a result, this paper demonstrates the added value of a process-tracing analysis carried out in addition to doctrinal work, in particular the insights into industry practice it generates

Extended Collective Licensing for the Use of Out-of-Commerce Works in Europe: A Matter of Legitimacy vis-à-vis Rights Owners

Extended Collective Licensing (ECL) schemes have been put forward inEurope as one of the solutions for the licensing of out-of-commerce works bycultural heritage institutions. ECL schemes extend the application of freely negotiated copyright licensing agreements between a user and a collective management organisation (CMO) to the works of non-members of the organisation. Not every CMO is suitable to license works under ECL provisions, however. In particular, the legitimacy of any agreement crucially relies on the ‘‘representativeness’’ of the CMO. This article focuses on the notion of representativeness of CMOs. On the basis of current European and national legislation, we argue that the representative character of a CMO encompasses three essential elements to be considered from the perspective of the rights owners: (1) the CMO must have a broad membership among the potential rights owners in the market it serves; (2) it must have a proper mandate from the rights owners in terms of category of works and rights covered; and (3) it must take appropriate measures to reach and inform (non-)members about the exercise of rights. ECL schemes can only be sufficiently legitimate to presume tacit approval by non-members if this assessment of the three criteria is carried out carefully.Extended Collective Licensing (ECL) schemes have been put forward inEurope as one of the solutions for the licensing of out-of-commerce works bycultural heritage institutions. ECL schemes extend the application of freely negotiated copyright licensing agreements between a user and a collective management organisation (CMO) to the works of non-members of the organisation. Not every CMO is suitable to license works under ECL provisions, however. In particular, the legitimacy of any agreement crucially relies on the ‘‘representativeness’’ of the CMO. This article focuses on the notion of representativeness of CMOs. On the basis of current European and national legislation, we argue that the representative character of a CMO encompasses three essential elements to be considered from the perspective of the rights owners: (1) the CMO must have a broad membership among the potential rights owners in the market it serves; (2) it must have a proper mandate from the rights owners in terms of category of works and rights covered; and (3) it must take appropriate measures to reach and inform (non-)members about the exercise of rights. ECL schemes can only be sufficiently legitimate to presume tacit approval by non-members if this assessment of the three criteria is carried out carefully

The evolution of copyright policies (1880-2010) : a comparison between Germany, the UK, the US and the international level

The conventional wisdom on the evolution of copyright and what has shaped it has come under increasing strain in recent years. As technical innovation pushes for reforms, the results are increasingly subject to political debate and tension. Examining how copyright has evolved and what has driven the process is of key importance because of the economic importance of copyright to individual countries. In the light of this and to contribute to possible solutions, it is necessary to examine what or who has driven the process. To do this, the evolution of copyright polices has to be mapped in a comparative way. This thesis examines the evolution of copyright in Germany, the US, the UK and at an international level between 1880 and 2010. The analysis itself is split between the culture and stringency of policies. Culture refers to the overall approach to copyright while stringency covers the scope of protection. This approach is original because it allows for a comparison of copyright systems as neutrally as possible. The results are clearly quantifiable and more importantly the extent of evolutions is directly comparable. Furthermore, the nature of the data ensures that causal forces behind the pattern can be examined. This methodology will be applied to a number of propositions commonly found in the copyright literature. The focal point here will be on arguments of rising stringency levels over time and the cultural convergence between case studies. For these, the commonly argued causal forces, in particular technological innovation and the influence exercised by individual actors will be examined. The results show that neither the cultural or stringency evolutionary pattern nor the causal factors fully matches previous studies. First, the evolution of stringency levels has been more complex than previously argued. In addition, although there has been some degree of cultural convergence, this has not been caused by technology and even the influence of particular actors has been limited. In both cases, it is clear that the role of copyright exemptions has been under-theorised. (Data relating to the appendices were submitted as separate files which could not be uploaded to the repository. Please contact the author for more information

The gym group private equity challenge–group F capital structure, financial forecast & LBO, returns, exit strategy and due dilligence

horoughlyanalyzedandthecompany’spositioninthemarketassessed.Inthefollowing,acomprehensiveappraisalofinfluencingfactorsonitsfinancialperformancewasconductedandgrowthdriversforecastedtocomeupwiththreedifferentcasesofhowthefirmmightdevelop.Thisknowledgewasquantifiedandthecompanysubsequentlyvaluedusingacomparablecompany,aprecedenttransaction,aDCFvaluationmethodaswellasanLBOmodel.Additionally,aninvestmentthesisandfuturestrategyregardingtheoperationsofthetargetandtheresponsibilitiesofaPEfund,suchassourcingandanexitstrategy,weredeveloped.Finally,potentialreturnswerecalculatedforthedifferentscenarios.Thethirdpartcomprisesthecapitalstructure,financialforecast,LBO,returns,exitstrategyandduediligenc