1,477 research outputs found
Controlling complex policy problems: a multimethodological approach using system dynamics and network controllability
Notwithstanding the usefulness of system dynamics in analyzing complex policy
problems, policy design is far from straightforward and in many instances
trial-and-error driven. To address this challenge, we propose to combine system
dynamics with network controllability, an emerging field in network science, to
facilitate the detection of effective leverage points in system dynamics models
and thus to support the design of influential policies. We illustrate our
approach by analyzing a classic system dynamics model: the World Dynamics
model. We show that it is enough to control only 53% of the variables to steer
the entire system to an arbitrary final state. We further rank all variables
according to their importance in controlling the system and we validate our
approach by showing that high ranked variables have a significantly larger
impact on the system behavior compared to low ranked variables
Design, development and trials of an airline passenger telephone system
The design, development and trials of a satellite telephone system for airline passengers is described. The requirements for ground and space infrastructure are discussed and the aeronautical system is described. Design criteria for the antennas and avionic boxes are given and system operation and technical flight trial requirements are discussed, together with test methodology and development towards fully commercial trials. Finally, an indication of development requirements to achieve the desired aims of airline users is given
On the Kondo effect in carbon nanotubes at half halfing
In a single state of a quantum dot the Kondo effect arises due to the
spin-degeneracy, which is present if the dot is occupied with one electron (N =
1). The eigenstates of a carbon nanotube quantum dot possess an additional
orbital degeneracy leading to a four-fold shell pattern. This additional
degeneracy increases the possibility for the Kondo effect to appear. We revisit
the Kondo problem in metallic carbon nanotubes by linear and non-linear
transport measurement in this regime, in which the four-fold pattern is
present. We have analyzed the ground state of CNTs, which were grown by
chemical vapor deposition, at filling N = 1, N = 2, and N = 3. Of particular
interest is the half-filled shell, i.e. N = 2. In this case, the ground state
is either a paired electron state or a state for which the singlet and triplet
states are effectively degenerate, allowing in the latter case for the
appearance of the Kondo effect. We deduce numbers for the effective missmatch d
of the levels from perfect degeneracy and the exchange energy J. While d ~ 0.1
- 0.2 (in units of level spacing) is in agreement with previous work, the
exchange term is found to be surprisingly small: J < 0.02. In addition we
report on the observation of gaps, which in one case is seen at N = 3 and in
another is present over an extended sequence of levels.Comment: full paper including figures at:
http://www.unibas.ch/phys-meso/Research/Papers/2004/Kondo-4shell-SWNT.pd
Kondo resonance in a nanotube quantum dot coupled to a normal and a superconducting lead
We report on electrical transport measurements through a carbon nanotube
quantum dot coupled to a normal and a superconducting lead. The ratio of Kondo
temperature and superconducting gap is identified to govern the
transport properties of the system. In the case of the
conductance resonance splits into two resonances at . For the
opposite scenario the conductance resonance persists, however
the conductance is not enhanced compared to the normal state due to a relative
asymmetry of the lead-dot couplings. Within this limit the data is in agreement
with a simple model of a resonant SN-interface.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. submitted to the Proc. Rencontres de Moriond on
Quantum Information and Decoherence in Nanosystems 200
The development of the image of a selective collegiate public institution and the effects of that image upon admissions : the case of the College of William and Mary in Virginia, 1946-1980
The purpose of this case study was to trace the development of the image of the College of William and Mary in order to test the hypothesis: The image of a selective liberal arts college is not exclusive to the private sector. In tracing the development of the image, the concept of saga, defined by Clark (1968) as an historically based understanding of organizational development was viewed as the theoretical basis for the study. Four factors were found to have a positive impact upon the development of the selective image of the College. (1) The restoration and growth of Colonial Williamsburg which attracts over one million visitors to the area each year. (2) The admission philosophy and policies which projected and fostered a selective image prior to the actual development of selectivity. (3) The administrative philosophy and development of the mission of the institution as espoused by the four presidents who served during the period. (4) The student bodies of the time period studied--their academic credentials, activities and foci during their college careers--both as a group and as individuals.;Statistics were compiled for the period 1946-1980 listing: the number of applicants; the percentage accepted; the percentage of admitted students enrolled; and the high school academic credentials including test scores and ranks-in-class. These were used to demonstrate the degree of selectivity which developed during the period
Permalloy-based carbon nanotube spin-valve
In this Letter we demonstrate that Permalloy (Py), a widely used Ni/Fe alloy,
forms contacts to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that meet the requirements for the
injection and detection of spin-polarized currents in carbon-based spintronic
devices. We establish the material quality and magnetization properties of Py
strips in the shape of suitable electrical contacts and find a sharp
magnetization switching tunable by geometry in the anisotropic
magnetoresistance (AMR) of a single strip at cryogenic temperatures. In
addition, we show that Py contacts couple strongly to CNTs, comparable to Pd
contacts, thereby forming CNT quantum dots at low temperatures. These results
form the basis for a Py-based CNT spin-valve exhibiting very sharp resistance
switchings in the tunneling magnetoresistance, which directly correspond to the
magnetization reversals in the individual contacts observed in AMR experiments.Comment: 3 page
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