Development of RNA-free particles of Cowpea mosaic virus for applications in Nanotechnology

A method for the efficient production of RNA-free particles of Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) has been developed. These are generated by co-expression of the precursor of the coat proteins (VP60) and the viral proteinase (24K) using the highly-efficient plant expression system, CPMV-HT, in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Particles thus produced were shown to be identical to CPMV on the outside and devoid of RNA on the inside and were hence named CPMV empty virus-like particles (eVLPs). The availability of large quantities of purified eVLPs represents a significant milestone in the development of CPMV-based particle technologies and their potential applications in nanotechnology have been investigated. eVLPs were shown be genuinely empty unlike other VLPs which package random cellular RNAs from the host. The high specificity of CPMV in packaging led to the investigation of the requirements for efficient packaging in CPMV where the functional coupling of replication and encapsidation was identified. Methods have been presented to extend this approach for packaging heterologous nucleic acids in eVLPs for their application as delivery vehicles. To obtain a continuous supply of eVLPs, methods for its stable expression were developed for which the suppressor of silencing deployed in the CPMV-HT system, P19, was modified as the use of wt P19 inhibits regeneration of leaf tissue. A mutant form of P19, R43W, with reduced but still substantial suppressor activity was shown to permit the regeneration of transgenic plants. P19/R43W was used for the stable expression of a variety of heterologous proteins showing the broad applicability of this system. To reduce the possibility of homologous recombination, an alternative to the CPMV-HT system was developed by deploying the UTRs from CPMV RNA-1. Expression with RNA-1 UTRs was rapid as compared to CPMV-HT and hence, the expression system was named Rapid-Trans

TRADITIONAL INDIAN PAINTING RETRIEVAL SYSTEM BASED ON CURVELET TRANSFORM AND COMPARISON THE RESULT USING GABOR FILTER

Today the technology in which relevant images from a large databases are searched according to the user’s interest is famous by the name of Content based Image Retrieval or CBIR. Since last two decades it has become an active and fast advancing field amongst the researchers. Last decade is witness of the progress achieved in both theoretical as well as in system development. However this area of technology is still full of challenges that researchers from multiple disciplines are being continuously attracted to work with. As we are well known about the hierarchy of spectral methods of texture feature extraction starting from Fourier Transform (FT) to the latest Gabor filter transform, which became very popular for many useful applications still was found to lag the curved point singularities or can say curve lines along the edges of images. In this paper to overcome this problem we have chosen to work with Curvelet transform. The dataset of retrieval system we are presenting here is made up of three Indian traditional paintings named as Warli, Madhubani and Fadd. As mentioned earlier Curvelet transform will be applied to get the result. In the second part of this paper we shall also compare the result with Gabor transform

Oral submucous fibrosis a disease with malignant potential: report of two Cases

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a high risk precancerous condition characterized by changes in the connective tissue fibers of the lamina propria and deeper parts leading to stiffness of the mucosa and restricted mouth opening. Patients with severe cases have distinct difficulties in chewing, swallowing and speaking. It predominantly occurs in Indians and other population of the Indian subcontinent with certain oral habits. In patients with submucous fibrosis, the oral epithelium becomes atrophic and thereby becomes more vulnerable to carcinogens. It is now accepted that chewing areca is the most important aetiological factor for developing OSF. The atrophic epithelium shows first an intercellular edema and later epithelial atypia associated with moderate epithelial hyperplasia. From then on, carcinoma may develop any time. It is suggested that submucous fibrosis should be regarded as a condition that causes predisposition to the development of oral cancer. Here we are presenting two cases of oral submucous fibrosis showing malignant potential and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Fungal infections involving maxillary sinus: a difficult diagnostic task

Fungal infections of the paranasal sinus are increasingly recognized entity both in normal and immunocompromised individuals. Aspergillosis and Mucormycoses being the commonest of all the fungal infections involving maxillary sinus manifests as two distinct entities, a non-invasive and invasive infection. It is important to distinguish the invasive disease from the non-invasive as the treatment and prognosis are different in each. These infections present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the physicians. Early diagnosis is essential in order to avoid high morbidity and mortality associated with the destructive disease and to instigate treatment before irreversible condition arise. The purpose of this paper is to add a few more cases of fungal infections involving maxillary sinus to the literature in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients with an emphasis on the fact that early diagnosis is vital in these infections, because delay in initiation of treatment can be life threatening due to propensity of fungi to invade adjacent blood vessels and embolize to distant organs

An Investigation paper on Congestion Control Policy

In the advancement of network technology traffic affects performance factors like file synchronization, communication throughput and overall all the scenario where one are having continues connectivity of business to the rectifying organizations, all the business functionality are going for the achievement of paperless communication infrastructure where one are deploying all his working by the internet technology such high speed network communication infrastructure always required well suited congestion less architecture scheme to achieve quality of services ,In the field of different communication area there are many applications has be running at present for all type of users likesenior, junior and all business users categories. Network proposed many protocols and algorithm for the improvement in flow of the network,Ethernet project 802 and protocols series 802.11a/b/c/d/e has been working at network layer in which user’s found some times network work well with priorities choice of network connection but sometimesstruggles with the same.To analyze the actual report of congestion policies here author of the paper are presenting analytical study so that one can understand the lack of functionality in communication with specific network implementations

Relationship between anxiety, depression and quality of life in medical student with polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting 5-10% of women worldwide. It has clinical, hormonal and psychological manifestation like anxiety, depression and low self-esteem. Aim was to evaluate prevalence of anxiety, depression, and quality of life in medical students with PCOS. Objectives were to study the prevalence of anxiety, depression among medical students suffering from PCOS; and to evaluate quality of life (QoL) in students with PCOS and its association with anxiety, depression and quality of life.Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted among 70 medical students at Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, from February 2019 – June 2020. Students were screened and selected as per the Rotterdam’s 2003 criteria after informed consent. Mental health assessment done by using Hamilton depression rating scale for depression, Hamilton anxiety rating scale for anxiety, and using 36-item short form survey for QoL.Results: Twenty five (35.7%) students suffered from anxiety while 20 (28.5%) had depressive disorders. Forty five (64%) patient both anxiety and depression. These students had significant psychological morbidity and poor QoL.Conclusions: Psychological morbidity with PCOS is undertreated and need to be addressed and treated in time so as to turn these students into a responsible happy adult

Bringing Ol Chiki to the digital world

Can a typeface turn the fate of an indigenous language around by making communication possible on digital platforms and driving digital activism? In 2014, a project was initiated with financial support from the Access to Knowledge programme at The Center for Internet and Society, Bangalore to look for answers to this question. The project’s goal was to design a typeface family supporting Ol Chiki script, which is used to write Santali, along with input methods that would make typing in Ol Chiki possible. It was planned that these resources would be released under a free license, with the hope to provide tools to Santali speakers to read and write in their own script online

The effect of 0.25% levobupivacaine and 0.25% ropivacaine in fascia iliaca block in elderly patients with fracture femur given before positioning for subarachnoid block

Background: Positioning of elderly patients with fracture femur for subarachnoid block (SAB) is a challenging task, both for the patient and anesthesiologist. Severe pain not only adds to the morbidity but also alters the success rate of SAB as appropriate positioning becomes difficult. Fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) is a simple, rapid, effective and safe method for achieving excellent pain relief. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of 0 .25% of levobupivacaine and 0.25% ropivacaine in FICB on reducing preoperative and postoperative pain and analgesic consumption in lower limb surgery.Methods: 60 elderly patients of ASA class I-III scheduled for elective fracture femur surgery were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups. Group L received 30ml 0.25% levobupivacaine in FICB while Group R received 0.25% ropivacaine in FICB 15min before SAB. Parameters recorded were blood pressure, heart rate, visual analogous scale (VAS), quality of positioning and time to first rescue analgesia. VAS was noted before and after performing FICB and at the time of positioning for subarachnoid block (SAB).Results: The VAS score at different time interval and time to first rescue analgesia were comparable (P >0.05). Quality of positioning was also similar in both the groups (P >0.05).Conclusions: The study demonstrates that levobupivacaine and ropivacaine produce comparable preoperative and postoperative analgesia when used for FICB