Phylogenomic analyses of non-Dikarya fungi supports horizontal gene transfer driving diversification of secondary metabolism in the amphibian gastrointestinal symbiont, Basidiobolus

Research into secondary metabolism (SM) production by fungi has resulted in the discovery of diverse, biologically active compounds with significant medicinal applications. However, the fungi rich in SM production are taxonomically restricted to Dikarya, two phyla of Kingdom Fungi, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Here, we explore the potential for SM production in Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota, two phyla of nonflagellated fungi that are not members of Dikarya, by predicting and identifying core genes and gene clusters involved in SM. The majority of non-Dikarya have few genes and gene clusters involved in SM production except for the amphibian gut symbionts in the genus Basidiobolus . Basidiobolus genomes exhibit an enrichment of SM genes involved in siderophore, surfactin-like, and terpene cyclase production, all these with evidence of constitutive gene expression. Gene expression and chemical assays confirm that Basidiobolus has significant siderophore activity. The expansion of SMs in Basidiobolus are partially due to horizontal gene transfer from bacteria, likely as a consequence of its ecology as an amphibian gut endosymbiont

Проблема Сеуты и Мелильи в современных испано-марокканских отношениях

The article is devoted to the modern relations between Spain and Morocco from the point of view of the Spanish side in context of the territorial dispute on the cities of Ceuta and Melilla that are situated on the north of Africa. Spanish side considers the cities as an integral part of its territory which holds a certain level of strategic, politic, military and economic value.Статья посвящена анализу отношений между государствами Испания и Марокко с точки зрения испанской стороны в контексте территориального спора по поводу городов Сеута и Мелилья, находящихся на севере Африки. Испания рассматривает города в качестве интегральной части своей территории, обладающей определенной стратегической, военной и экономической ценностью

Миграционная политика Испании в контексте проблемы городов Сеута и Мелилья в 90-е годы XX века

This article analyzes the migration policy of Spain in the context of immigration processes from Morocco through the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, which are the territory of the European Union. The problem of immigration to the cities is one of the most serious in the relationship between the two countries.Статья посвящена анализу миграционной политики Испании в контексте иммиграционных процессов из Марокко через территорию автономных городов Сеута и Мелилья, являющихся территорией Европейского союза. Проблема иммиграции в города является одной из наиболее серьезных в отношениях между двумя государствами

Genome Sequence of the Chestnut Blight Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica EP155: A Fundamental Resource for an Archetypical Invasive Plant Pathogen.

Cryphonectria parasitica is the causal agent of chestnut blight, a fungal disease that almost entirely eliminated mature American chestnut from North America over a 50-year period. Here, we formally report the genome of C. parasitica EP155 using a Sanger shotgun sequencing approach. After finishing and integration with simple-sequence repeat markers, the assembly was 43.8 Mb in 26 scaffolds (L50 = 5; N50 = 4.0Mb). Eight chromosomes are predicted: five scaffolds have two telomeres and six scaffolds have one telomere sequence. In total, 11,609 gene models were predicted, of which 85% show similarities to other proteins. This genome resource has already increased the utility of a fundamental plant pathogen experimental system through new understanding of the fungal vegetative incompatibility system, with significant implications for enhancing mycovirus-based biological control

SpBase: the sea urchin genome database and web site

SpBase is a system of databases focused on the genomic information from sea urchins and related echinoderms. It is exposed to the public through a web site served with open source software (http://spbase.org/). The enterprise was undertaken to provide an easily used collection of information to directly support experimental work on these useful research models in cell and developmental biology. The information served from the databases emerges from the draft genomic sequence of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and includes sequence data and genomic resource descriptions for other members of the echinoderm clade which in total span 540 million years of evolutionary time. This version of the system contains two assemblies of the purple sea urchin genome, associated expressed sequences, gene annotations and accessory resources. Search mechanisms for the sequences and the gene annotations are provided. Because the system is maintained along with the Sea Urchin Genome resource, a database of sequenced clones is also provided

Experimental results of using a parabolic trough solar collector for thermal treatment of crude oil

At present, there are economic, ecological and ener-gy efficiency problems in dealing with the oil indus-try. We have tried to solve this problem through a solar thermal application. Thus, parabolic-trough solar plant utilization in the oil industry is a relative-ly new application in the area of solar energy usage. In Azerbaijan (Baki), such an application has firstly been realized in the crude oil treatment process by us. We must mention that a solar energy application has a great advantage for the oil industry to be eco-nomical with fossil fuels partly, to improve safety measures and ecology, and to also reduce addition-al financial expenses. Besides the ecological and economical facets, the obtained results from the experiments, which have been carried out in the Absheron Peninsula (Baki), are useful from an ener-gy efficiency point of view in the field of solar ther-mal applications by using parabolic troughs. These experimental results are significant on account of economic, energy efficient and ecological advan-tages

EuGène-maize: a web site for maize gene prediction

Motivation:A large part of the maize B73 genome sequence is now available and emerging sequencing technologies will offer cheap and easy ways to sequence areas of interest from many other maize genotypes. One of the steps required to turn these sequences into valuable information is gene content prediction. To date, there is no publicly available gene predictor specifically trained for maize sequences. To this end, we have chosen to train the EuGène software that can combine several sources of evidence into a consolidated gene model prediction

mGene.web: a web service for accurate computational gene finding

We describe mGene.web, a web service for the genome-wide prediction of protein coding genes from eukaryotic DNA sequences. It offers pre-trained models for the recognition of gene structures including untranslated regions in an increasing number of organisms. With mGene.web, users have the additional possibility to train the system with their own data for other organisms on the push of a button, a functionality that will greatly accelerate the annotation of newly sequenced genomes. The system is built in a highly modular way, such that individual components of the framework, like the promoter prediction tool or the splice site predictor, can be used autonomously. The underlying gene finding system mGene is based on discriminative machine learning techniques and its high accuracy has been demonstrated in an international competition on nematode genomes. mGene.web is available at http://www.mgene.org/web, it is free of charge and can be used for eukaryotic genomes of small to moderate size (several hundred Mbp)