KAJIAN HUKUM TERHADAP KEKUATAN MENGIKAT MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING DITINJAU DARI PASAL 1233 KUHPERDATA

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kekuatan mengikat Memorandum of Understanding ditinjau dari Pasal 1233 KUHPerdatadan bagaimana akibat hukum bila terjadi suatu pengingkaran klausula dari Memorandum of Understanding di manadengan metode penelitian hukum normatif disimpulkan: 1. Ada perbedaan pendapat tentang kekuatan mengikat dari Memorandum of Understanding yaitu pertama ,MOU merupakan suatu persetujuan atau kesepakatan yang tidak mempunyai akibat hukum, yang kedua MOU merupakan suatu bukti awal terjadinya suatu kesepahaman mengenai masalah-masalah pokok dan kesepakatan pendahuluan perintis lahirnya suatu kerja sama yang sebenarnya dalam bentuk formal. Kekuatan mengikat berdasarkan KUHPerdata disetarakan dengan perjanjian apabila dalam perjanjian dicantumkan klausula-klausula tentang hak dan kewajiban para pihak dan apabila tidak dilaksanakan dapat digugat di Pengadilan berdasarkan asas perjanjian. 2. Pengingkaran terhadap substansi memorandum of understanding terhadap para pihak yang tidak berkedudukan sebagai kontrak atau perjanjian hanya sanksi moral, yang penyelesaiannya melalui musyawarah/mufakat, sedangkan yang berbentuk kontrak atau perjanjian yang formal dapat dituntut ganti kerugian sesuai dengan jumlah kerugian yang diderita dan tuntutan pemenuhan prestasiKata kunci: memorandum of understanding

New Classifier Design for Static Security Evaluation Using Artificial In-telligence Techniques

This paper proposes evaluation and classification classifier for static security evaluation (SSE) and classifica-tion. Data are generated on (30, 57, 118 and 300) bus IEEE test systems used to design the classifiers. The implementation decision tree methods on several IEEE test systems involved appropriateness SSE and classi-fication by using four algorithms of DT’s. Empirically, with the present of FSA, the implementation results indicate that these classifiers have the capability for system security evaluation and classification. Lastly, FSA is efficient and effective approach for real-time evaluation and classification classifier design

A Legal Framework for Effective Patent Licenses that Support Technology Transfer: A Libyan Perspective

This thesis discusses the different aspects of licensing agreements to exploit patented technology. Such licencing agreements are important when considering technology transfers to developing countries. The study addresses whether the current Libyan legal framework is able to accommodate such licences in terms of preparing and drafting a patent licence and identifying the rights and obligations of the parties. The study finds that the licensing agreements and technology transfer agreements are not subject to special provisions under the Libyan legal system, and are regulated under the general provisions of contracting in the Libyan 'Civil Code 1953', which does not adequately deal with some of the typical terms of licensing agreements. The Libyan legislature, therefore, should find alternative approaches to overcoming the difficulties that arise

Conflict as a macrodeterminant of non-communicable diseases: the experience of Libya.

From Europe PMC via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: ppub 2022-10-01Publication status: PublishedFunder: World Bank Grou

Identification of Acoustic Signals of Internal Electric Discharges on Glass Insulator under Variable Applied Voltage

A Partial Discharge (PD) is an unwanted phenomenon in electrical equipment. Therefore it is of great importance to identify different types of PD and assess their severity. This paper investigates the acoustic emissions associated with Internal Discharge (ID) from different types of sources in the time-domain. An experimental setup was arranged in the high voltage laboratory, a chamber with an electrode configuration attached to it was connected to a high voltage transformer for generating various types of PD. A laboratory experiment was done by making the models of these discharges. The test equipment including antennas as a means of detection and digital processing techniques for signal analysis were used. Wavelet signal processing was used to recover the internal discharge acoustic signal by eliminating the noises of many natures

Static security classification and evaluation classifier design in electric power grid with presence of PV power plants using C-4.5

Energy suppliers all over the world must expand energy in a way that is secure, clean, affordable, and environmentally responsible. Photovoltaic (PV) has been a competitive renewable-energy source for the power generation mix in the world. With the presence of solar PV technology, this paper proposes C4.5 approach for static security evaluation and classification (SSE). This paper proposes PV generators connected to the grid when bilateral energy transactions with the loads are implemented to see their impacts on the system security. To build a classifier in binary class, the process is divided into four components: data collection, pre-processing and feature selection, comparison of the techniques, best classifier selection and performance evaluation. A comprehensive comparison of four of Decision Tree׳s Algorithms for SSE is conducted. The study is (accomplished using) conducted on IEEE 30 bus system, which comprises 5 PV power generators deliver a total power of 40 MW. Data are generated on (30, 57, 118 and 300) bus IEEE test systems used to train and test the classifiers. Empirically, with the presence of PV power generators, the implementation results indicate that these classifiers have the capability for system security evaluation and classification. Lastly, C4.5 is an efficient and effective approach for real-time evaluation and classification classifier desig

Identification of acoustic signals of internal electric discharges on glass insulator under variable applied voltage

A Partial Discharge (PD) is an unwanted phenomenon in electrical equipment. Therefore it is of great importance to identify different types of PD and assess their severity. This paper investigates the acoustic emissions associated wi1h Internal Discharge (ID) from different types of sources in the time-domain. An experimental setup was arranged in the high voltage laboratory, a chamber with an electrode configuration attached to it was connected to a high voltage transformer for generating various types of PD. A laboratory experiment was done by making the models of these discharges. The test equipment including antennas as a means of detection and digital processing techniques for signal analysis were used. Wavelet signal processing was used to recover the internal discharge acoustic signal by eliminating the noises of many natures

Evaluation of machine-learning methods for ligand-based virtual screening

Machine-learning methods can be used for virtual screening by analysing the structural characteristics of molecules of known (in)activity, and we here discuss the use of kernel discrimination and naive Bayesian classifier (NBC) methods for this purpose. We report a kernel method that allows the processing of molecules represented by binary, integer and real-valued descriptors, and show that it is little different in screening performance from a previously described kernel that had been developed specifically for the analysis of binary fingerprint representations of molecular structure. We then evaluate the performance of an NBC when the training-set contains only a very few active molecules. In such cases, a simpler approach based on group fusion would appear to provide superior screening performance, especially when structurally heterogeneous datasets are to be processed

Conflict as a macrodeterminant of non-communicable diseases: the experience of Libya.

It has been argued that peace and its reciprocal—conflict—are macrodeterminants of health. Nowhere has experienced greater conflict than the Middle East in recent decades. The experience of Libya offers potent lessons on the bidirectional relationship between peace and health that extend beyond the immediate violence-related health impacts of civil war

Non-communicable disease policy implementation in Libya: A mixed methods assessment

From PLOS via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: collection 2022, received 2022-02-03, accepted 2022-10-09, epub 2022-11-10Acknowledgements: Disclaimer: The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Libyan Ministry of Health or the World Bank, their Boards of Directors, or the governments they represent.Publication status: PublishedFunder: World BankGiulia Loffreda - ORCID: 0000-0003-4895-1051 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4895-1051The Libyan Ministry of Health is keen to understand how it can introduce policies to protect its population from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We aimed to perform an implementation research assessment of the current situation, including challenges and opportunities. We used an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. We started with a quantitative assessment of NCD policy performance based on review of the WHO NCD Progress Monitor Reports. Once we had identified Libya’s NCD policy gaps we performed a systematic review to identify international lessons around barriers and successful strategies for the policies Libya has not yet implemented. Finally, we performed a series of key stakeholder interviews with senior policymakers to explore their perspectives around promising policy actions. We used a realist paradigm, methods triangulation, and a joint display to synthesise the interpretation of our findings and develop recommendations. Libya has not fully implemented any of the recommended policies for diet, physical activity, primary care guidelines & therapeutics, or data collection, targets & surveillance. It does not have robust tobacco policies in place. Evidence from the international literature and policymaker interviews emphasised the centrality of according strong political leadership, governance structures, multisectoral engagement, and adequate financing to policy development activities. Libya’s complex political and security situation are major barriers for policy implementation. Whilst some policies will be very challenging to develop and deploy, there are a number of simple policy actions that could be implemented with minimum effort; from inviting WHO to conduct a second STEPS survey, to signing the international code on breast-milk substitutes. Like many other fragile and conflict-affected states, Libya has not accorded NCDs the policy attention they demand. Whilst strong high-level leadership is the ultimate key to providing adequate protections, there are a range of simple measures that can be implemented with relative ease.pubpu