A discrete model for the apparent viscosity of polydisperse suspensions including maximum packing fraction

Based on the notion of a construction process consisting of the stepwise addition of particles to the pure fluid, a discrete model for the apparent viscosity as well as for the maximum packing fraction of polydisperse suspensions of spherical, non-colloidal particles is derived. The model connects the approaches by Bruggeman and Farris and is valid for large size ratios of consecutive particle classes during the construction process, appearing to be the first model consistently describing polydisperse volume fractions and maximum packing fraction within a single approach. In that context, the consistent inclusion of the maximum packing fraction into effective medium models is discussed. Furthermore, new generalized forms of the well-known Quemada and Krieger equations allowing for the choice of a second-order Taylor coefficient for the volume fraction ($\phi^2$-coefficient), found by asymptotic matching, are proposed. The model for the maximum packing fraction as well as the complete viscosity model are compared to experimental data from the literature showing good agreement. As a result, the new model is shown to replace the empirical Sudduth model for large diameter ratios. The extension of the model to the case of small size ratios is left for future work.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

Architecture in verses of Professor Bashkim Fehmiu

The contribution of architect Bashkim Fehmiu as one of important personalities in Kosovo in second half of 20th century, includes many areas such as: academic as professor at the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Prishtina, administrat ive, as founder of Prishtina Institute of Urbanism, contribution in the urban planning as the author of many urban plans of Prishtina, and his architectural contribution as the author of several important buildings of this period. Even his work in above mentioned areas is not still investigated, analyzed, classified, documented and published, nonetheless is recognized by many people, maybe as result of short time between the period of his active contribution with nowadays. This paper aims to initiate illumination of one another dimension of his multidimensional personality, his p oetic dimension. In this p ap er is analy zed “Poem of Architecture” (“Poemza e arqitekturës”) written in 1954 during his studies in Belgrade, unpublished until now, where he expressed his feelings, love, his views and vision on architecture

The challenges of power-sharing and transitional justice in post-civil war African countries: Comparing Burundi, Mozambique and Sierra Leone

This article uses the cases of Burundi, Mozambique and Sierra Leone to analyse transitional justice processes in African societies where powersharing was used as a key tool to end very protracted and violent civil wars. It is argued that, by affording warring parties a prominent role in the postsettlement political environment, power-sharing inadvertently impeded the pursuit of both restorative and criminal justice in all three countries. As an instance of ‘warriors’ justice’, power-sharing was used by such actors as an opportunity to avoid facing retributive justice. Indeed, due to the central position they held within the power-sharing dispensations, former warriors emphasised amnesty while paying lip service to reparations for victims. In all three countries, the decision to revert to the international judicial system or not was mainly motivated by political calculations rather than any genuine concern for justice. However, notwithstanding the shortcomings above, the consensus brought about by the power-sharing dispensations enabled the three countries to effect meaningful institutional reforms, albeit with limited and different levels of success.Keywords: power-sharing, transitional justice, civil war, Burundi, Mozambique, Sierra Leon

The role of civil society in conflict resolution in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1998-2006: an appraisal

Abstract: The second Congo war (1998-2003) was a very complex conflict that involved a vast array of actors, interests and issues. After a stalemate was reached on the battlefield as a result of the inability of any of the warring parties to achieve military victory, peace negotiations became the only viable option to end the war. Civil society organisations were directly involved in both the peace process and the subsequent transitional dispensation designed to resolve the conflict, providing some sort of popular legitimacy to these two processes clearly dominated by politico-military forces. The central argument of this article is that while civil society involvement in the peace and transitional processes was instrumental in resolving the conflict behind the second Congo war, it entrenched a legacy of the politicisation of the civil society movement inaugurated in the early 1990s. Indeed, although ground-breaking, the direct involvement of civil society in the management of transitional institutions contributed to weakening its member organisations as many of their leaders either were directly recruited into existing political platforms or simply decided to establish their own political organisations and join active politics

Effects of near wall modeling in the Improved-Delayed-Detached-Eddy-Simulation (IDDES) methodology

The present study aims to assess the effects of two different underlying RANS models on overall behavior of the IDDES methodology when applied to different flow configurations ranging from fully attached (plane channel flow) to separated flows (periodic hill flow). This includes investigating prediction accuracy of first and second order statistics, response to grid refinement, grey area dynamics and triggering mechanism. Further, several criteria have been investigated to assess reliability and quality of the methodology when operating in scale resolving mode. It turns out that irrespective of the near wall modeling strategy, the IDDES methodology does not satisfy all criteria required to make this methodology reliable when applied to various flow configurations at different Reynolds numbers with different grid resolutions. Further, it is found that using more advanced underlying RANS model to improve prediction accuracy of the near wall dynamics results in extension of the grey area, which may delay the transition to scale resolving mode. This systematic study for attached and separated flows suggests that the shortcomings of IDDES methodology mostly lie in inaccurate prediction of the dynamics inside the grey area and demands further investigation in this direction to make this methodology capable of dealing with different flow situations reliably

Sustainable Tourism Marketing Strategies at UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Designation as a United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage site has a significant impact on the tourism development and sustainability of a site, city, region or country. World Heritage sites bring a certain level of prestige and international recognition, but they also have an impact on the local communities as they impact day to day life and rituals of the residents. Several paradigms exist in evaluating the success of a UNESCO World Heritage site. This paper specifically examines how marketing strategies bolster sustainable tourism efforts

TUGAS DAN WEWENANG BADAN PENYELESAIAN KONSUMEN BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 8 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana tugas dan kewenangan Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen dan bagaimana penyelesaian sengketa antara konsumen dan pelaku usaha. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, disimpulkan: 1. Tugas dan wewenang badan penyelesaian sengketa konsumen dilakukan melalui mediasi, arbitrase atau konsiliasi; konsultasi perlindungan konsumen; pengawasan terhadap pencantuman klausula baku; melaporkan kepada penyidik umum apabila terjadi pelanggaran undang-undang konsumen; menerima pengaduan baik tertulis maupun tidak tertulis, dari konsumen; melakukan penelitian dan pemeriksaan sengketa perlindungan konsumen. Putusan majelis Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen dimintakan penetapan eksekusinya kepada Pengadilan Negeri di tempat konsumen yang dirugikan. 2. Penyelesaian sengketa konsumen dapat ditempuh melalui pengadilan atau di luar pengadilan berdasarkan pilihan sukarela para pihak yang bersengketa. Penyelesaian sengketa di luar pengadilan tidak menghilangkan tanggungjawab pidana sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-undang. Apabila telah dipilih upaya penyelesaian sengketa konsumen di luar pengadilan, gugatan melalui pengadilan hanya dapat ditempuh apabila upaya tersebut dinyatakan tidak berhasil oleh salah satu pihak atau oleh para pihak yang bersengketa dan gugatan diajukan kepada peradilan umum. Penyelesaian sengketa konsumen di luar pengadilan diselenggarakan untuk mencapai kesepakatan mengenai bentuk dan besarnya ganti rugi dan/atau mengenai tindakan tertentu untuk menjamin tidak akan terjadi kembali atau tidak akan terulang kembali kerugian yang diderita oleh konsumen.Kata kunci: Tugas dan Kewenangan, Badan Penyelesaian Konsumen, Perlindungan Konsume

Exploring Tournament Graphs and Their Win Sequences

In this project we will be looking at tournaments on graphs and their win sequences. The main purpose for a tournament is to determine a winner amongst a group of competitors. Usually tournaments are played in an elimination style where the winner of a game advances and the loser is knocked out the tournament. For the purpose of this project I will be focusing on Round Robin Tournaments where all competitors get the opportunity to play against each other once. This style of tournaments gives us a more real life perspective of a fair tournament. We will model these Round Robin Tournaments on tournament graphs which are connected graphs with directed edges. With a value placed on a win and loss, I will explore these conditions and look at what can be said about the win sequences of these tournament graphs. With these conditions, patterns were detected with small sized tournaments and were proved for all tournaments. Other patterns still remain as conjectures