Towards Governance or the Management of Cultural Landscapes

Many (World Heritage) cultural landscapes are a living environment for thousands of inhabitants, visitors, entrepreneurs, farmers and other land users. In order to manage such landscapes we have to consider the legal framework and the reality of the regional planning culture. The ‘landscape of regional players’ consists of a wide range of stakeholders. How should regions tackle natural and cultural heritage as an integrated part of regional development? The discussion of Austria’s Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut World Heritage region involves vertical and horizontal dimensions of governance, including politics, administration, private businesses and civil society

The Role of Behavioural Changes in Biological Invasions

All ecosystems on Earth are undergoing rapid human-induced changes. One important component of these changes is the transport of species to new ecosystems, where they often establish and spread, and cause ecological disruption as invasive species. Behaviour plays a major role in this process, not only by enabling species to spread or establish, but also in the native species’ response to invasion. These behavioural changes drive population dynamics, and the speed at which they happen are crucial. The shared evolutionary history between two species influences how fast or effective these changes happen. To study these complicated interactions, this thesis combines a comparative study of the existing literature with novel concepts and metadata, as well as analyses of laboratory experiments and field data. For Chapter 1, a large cross-taxonomical dataset on behavioural changes in biological invasions was gathered and analysed. It is the first to include native and non-native species, to identify types of behaviour and mechanisms of change and to quantify the speed of the behavioural change. This gave us the opportunity to test hypotheses in invasion ecology, but also to explore the distribution of learning across types of behaviour and its implications for the speed of behavioural change. All analyses were conducted considering the biases in the data and differences in the ecology of native and invasive species. In Chapter 2, the behavioural differences between an established non-native crayfish species, the spiny-cheek crayfish Faxonius limosus, and the novel non-native marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis) were experimentally quantified, and findings were used to predict the invasion success of the latter species. Experiments were designed to show the outcome of inter-specific agonistic interactions, activity and exploration. Finally, not only inter-specific differences were tested but also between both sexes of the spiny-cheek crayfish, and between lab-reared and wild-caught individuals of the marbled crayfish. Apart from predicting invasion success, these analyses help to better understand behavioural plasticity in this special clonal species. Chapter 3 contains the application of two classification schemes - of animal innovation and eco-evolutionary experience - to the dataset of Chapter 1. I encourage the use of this general quantification scheme of animal innovation to mine a broader range of behavioural changes. The scheme was applied in this study to specifically investigate if big changes in behaviour help native species to cope with invasion. It was also tested if high eco-evolutionary experience with that species buffers negative population consequences for native species. We reject the first hypothesis and accept the latter and found as well a negative relationship between both parameters, as lower experience necessitates bigger change. Therefore, these classifications can help a priori predictions of invasion impact on specific native species. In Chapter 4, the population dynamics and nesting behaviour of the common eider (Somateria mollissima) in West Iceland was analysed from field data. The dataset encompasses yearly nest count data on 134 islands over up to 123 years. Therefore, we were able to investigate how long-term climate dynamics affect the eider colonies and how that changed with the invasion of the American mink (Neovison vison) into the region in 1948. Similarly, the arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), the only native terrestrial nest predator, was absent from the study area for decades and we compared the behavioural response to both predators. The differences between the effects of specific predators help to direct targeted conservation efforts to protect the common eider. Finally, Chapter 5 presents population dynamics of the American mink in Iceland, Denmark, Germany and its native range in the USA estimated from hunting bag data using a novel method. Effects of anthropogenic factors on the hunting bag were quantified, namely the global price of American mink fur, the production of fur in the respective country, and hunting effort and legislation connected to hunting and fur production. While we were able to test several hypotheses on American mink population dynamics in Europe - for example, if it follows a boom-bust dynamic - the utility of this method stretches beyond this system and can be applied whenever population numbers are estimated from hunting bag data. My thesis explores a novel dataset on behavioural changes in biological invasions (Chapter 1). It includes experimental results on the role of behaviour in an over-invasion scenario of crayfish in Europe (Chapter 2) and expands the horizon of behavioural studies in invasions by introducing classification schemes for eco-evolutionary experience and animal innovation (Chapter 3). Finally, the introduction of the American mink in Europe is studied, by its consequences for the Icelandic avifauna (Chapter 4) and the estimation of its population dynamics through hunting bag data in several countries (Chapter 5)

A guidebook for adapted physical educators: Connecting the domains of learning to evidence-based practices

I created a guidebook for Adapted Physical Educators (APE) as a resource on how they can use Evidence-Based Practices (EBP\u27s) created by The National Professional Development Center for Autism Spectrum Disorder (NPDC on ASD) to meet the Domains of Learning. The goal for this guidebook was to help bridge the gap between educational research and practice in the classroom. EBP’s are a form of research based interventions that are made easily accessible for busy educators. The main audience for the guidebook is Adapted Physical Education Teachers, with a secondary audience of Special Education and general education teachers. This guidebook was created based on scholarly literature and other resources to determine specific EBP\u27s that would best fit the three Domains of Learning, Cognitive, Psychomotor, and Affective. The guidebook was then distributed to educators who provided the author feedback on the relevancy of the guidebook as well as how it supplemented understanding on EBP\u27s, Domains of Learning, and the connection between the two. Feedback provided the overall framing and purpose of the guidebook with minor notes for improvement. Educators report a lack of accessible continuing education about EBP’s and this guidebook could serve as a viable avenue to fill the gap

Setting reference targets

Reference Targets are used to represent virtual quantities like the magnetic axis of a magnet or the definition of a coordinate system. To explain the function of reference targets in the sequence of the alignment process, this paper will first briefly discuss the geometry of the trajectory design space and of the surveying space, then continue with an overview of a typical alignment process. This is followed by a discussion on magnet fiducialization. While the magnetic measurement methods to determine the magnetic centerline are only listed (they will be discussed in detail in a subsequent talk), emphasis is given to the optical/mechanical methods and to the task of transferring the centerline position to reference targets

Stitching Together: An Exploration of Women\u27s Sociality Through an Urban Knitting Group

The phenomenon of knitting groups is an increasingly widespread trend in urban settings. In this thesis, I argue that the resurgence of knitting groups in contemporary urban areas is the result of a nostalgic search for a sense of community within an otherwise complex and sometimes alienating urban landscape. Through ethnographic research in Atlanta, GA, I examine how women knitters whom I interviewed theorize their own interactions in the knitting community and the ways in which technology serves to facilitate these interactions. With lives revolving mainly around family and careers, the women who join knitting groups seek an escape from everyday life, friendship without strings, and the communal gathering focused around a leisure activity which holds social significance in daily life

MOTIVASI DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP STRES KERJA KARYAWAN

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi dan kepuasan kerja terhadap stres kerja karyawan perusahaan printing. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan Printing. jumlah responden sebanyak 103 karyawan sebagai sampel. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif, yang di analisis menggunakan koefisien determinasi dengan SPSS (Software Product and Service Solution) Versi 21.00 dengan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan Koefisien Determinasi, Uji T, dan Uji F. Teknik pengumpulan data mengumpulkan metode wawancara langsung kepada karyawan dan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa motivasi berpengaruh positif terhadap stres kerja karyawan. Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap stres kerja karyawan