108 research outputs found
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Geochemical investigation of shallow groundwater over SACROC oilfield
Bureau of Economic Geolog
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Energy, climate and water in the 21st century – Texas and Florida share a strong connection with future challenges in the Earth sciences
Bureau of Economic Geolog
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Process-based approach for the detection of deep gas invading the surface
The present invention includes a method for determining the level of deep gas in a near surface formation that includes: measuring CO2, O2, CH4, and N2 levels in percent by volume from one or more surface or near surface geological samples; adding the water vapor content to the measured CO2, O2, CH4, and N2 levels in percent by volume; normalizing the gas mixture to 100% by volume or 1 atmospheric total pressure; and determining the ratios of: O2 versus CO2 to distinguish in-situ vadose zone CO2 from exogenous deep leakage CO2; CO2 versus N2 to distinguish whether CO2 is being removed from the near surface formation or CO2 is added from an exogenous deep leakage input; or CO2 versus N2/O2 to determine the degree of oxygen influx, consumption, or both; wherein the ratios are indicative of natural in situ CO2 or CO2 from the exogenous deep leakage input.Board of Regents, University of Texas Syste
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Assessment of shallow subsea hydrocarbons as a proxy for leakage at offshore geologic CO2 storage sites
Bureau of Economic Geolog
Assessing risk to fresh water resources from long term CO2 injection- laboratory and field studies
In developing a site for geologic sequestration, one must assess potential consequences of failure to adequately contain
injected carbon dioxide (CO2). Upward migration of CO2 or displacement of saline water because of increased pressure might
impact protected water resources 100s to 1000s of meters above a sequestration interval. Questions posed are: (1) Can changes in chemistry of fresh water aquifers provide evidence of CO2 leakage from deep injection/sequestration reservoirs containing brine and or hydrocarbons? (2) What parameters can we use to assess potential impacts to water quality? (3) If CO2 leakage to
freshwater aquifers occurs, will groundwater quality be degraded and if so, over what time period?
Modeling and reaction experiments plus known occurrences of naturally CO2-charged potable water show that the
common chemical reaction products from dissolution of CO2 into freshwater include rapid buffering of acidity by dissolution of
calcite and slower equilibrium by reaction with clays and feldspars. Results from a series of laboratory batch reactions of CO2
with diverse aquifer rocks show geochemical response within hours to days after introduction of CO2. Results included decreased
pH and increased concentrations of cations in CO2 experimental runs relative to control runs using argon (Ar). Some cation (Ba,
Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Sr) concentrations increased over and an order of magnitude during CO2 runs. Results are aquifer dependant in that experimental vessels containing different aquifer rocks showed different magnitudes of increase in cation concentrations.
Field studies designed to improve understanding of risk to fresh water are underway in the vicinity of (1) SACROC
oilfield in Scurry County, Texas, USA where CO2 has been injected for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) since 1972 and (2) the
Cranfield unit in Adams County, Mississippi, USA where CO2 EOR is currently underway. Both field studies are funded by the
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) regional carbon sequestration partnership programs and industrial sponsors. Preliminary
results of groundwater monitoring are currently available for the SACROC field study where researchers investigated 68 water
wells and one spring during five field excursions between June 2006 and July 2008. Results to date show no trend of preferential
degradation below drinking water standards in areas of CO2 injection (inside SACROC) as compared to areas outside of the
SACROC oil field.Bureau of Economic Geolog
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Evaluation of CO2, He, C1-C5 gaseous hydrocarbons at an engineered CO2 injection, Cranfield, Mississippi
Bureau of Economic Geolog
The effect of monitoring complexity on stakeholder acceptance of CO2 geological storage projects in the US gulf coast region
Environmental monitoring at geologic CO2 storage sites is required by regulations for the purposes of environmental protection and emissions accounting in the case of leakage to surface. However, another very important goal of environmental monitoring is to assure stakeholders that the project is monitored for safety and effectiveness. With current efforts to optimize monitoring for cost-effectiveness, the question remains: will optimization of monitoring approaches degrade stakeholder assurance, or do heavily-instrumented sites communicate higher risk to a stakeholder? We report the results of a stakeholder survey in Gulf Coast states of the US where carbon capture and storage (CCS) is developing quickly. We rely on a 2 by 2 factorial experiment in which we manipulate message complexity (complex v. simple) and social norm (support from scientists v. support from community members). Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: 1) complex message with scientist support; 2) complex message with community member support; 3) simple message with scientist support; or 4) simple message with community member support. In addition to the experimental stimuli, subjects were also asked about their need for cognition, attitudes toward science and scientists, attitudes about climate change and support for carbon capture and storage (CCS). Our sample is drawn from residents in states bordering the western Gulf of Mexico (Texas, Louisiana, Florida) where CO2 geologic storage is being planned both onshore and offshore. The results offer important implications for public outreach efforts to key stakeholders
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Geochemical characterization of shallow groundwater at the Cranfield aquifer and numerical simulation: Can pH and carbonate parameters be used to detect potential CO2 leakage at geological CO2 sequestration sites?
Bureau of Economic Geolog
Development and evaluation on a wireless multi-gas-sensors system for improving traceability and transparency of table grape cold chain
There is increasing requirement to improve traceability and transparency of table grapes cold chain. Key traceability indicators including temperature, humidity and gas microenvironments (e.g., CO2, O2, and SO2) based on table grape cold chain management need to be monitored and controlled. This paper presents a Wireless Multi-Gas-Sensors System (WGS2) as an effective real-time cold chain monitoring system, which consists of three units: (1) the WMN which applies the 433 MHz as the radio frequency to increase the transmission performance and forms a wireless sensor network; (2) the WAN which serves as the intermediary to connect the users and the sensor nodes to keep the sensor data without delay by the GPRS remote transmission module; (3) the signal processing unit which contains embedded software to drive the hardware to normal operation and shelf life prediction for table grapes. Then the study evaluates the WGS2 in a cold chain scenario and analyses the monitoring data. The results show that the WGS2 is effective in monitoring quality, and improving transparency and traceability of table grape cold chains. Its deploy ability and efficiency in implantation can enable the establishment of a more efficient, transparent and traceable table grape supply chain.N/
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