Constraints on the origin of south indian magnesite deposits

Most of the magnesite deposits in South India are confined to the southern part of the Dharwar craton and are associated with the ultramafics emplaced into the older supracrustal rocks. The major mineralisation is located in a shear zone that separates the Early Proterozoic and Pan-African granulites. The timing of mineralisation and the source of carbon for the various magnesite deposits of South India are points of debate. Temporal relations of deformation, metamorphism, incipient charnockitisation and mineralisation in the shear zone have been analysed. On the basis of the CO 2 influx, which favoured the formation of incipient charnockites, it is presumed that a juvenile CO 2 rich solution might have significantly contributed to the source of carbon for magnesite mineralisation. The present study attributes the timing of magnesite mineralisation to Pan-African time

NEW INTERVENTIONS IN FUMIGATING WITH APARAJITHA DHOOMA CHOORNAM

Aparajitha dhooma choornam is a traditional Ayurvedic medicine used to disinfect the environment. The microbicidal properties of Ayurvedic Dhoopana have been previously documented. The safety and efficacy of herbal products can be improved by incorporating modern technology while fumigating. The present study aims to show the efficacy of fumigation with Aparajitha dhooma choornam sticks in reducing microbial flora of work spaces so that it can be used conveniently on a regular basis to improve air quality and reduce the incidence of spread of airborne diseases. Bioassay studies were also carried out to check the insecticidal activity of Dhoopana against both larvae and adult mosquitoes found at site. Thus fumigation with Aparajitha dhooma choornam sticks and powder form was found to be effective in not only reducing microbial load but also in possessing insecticidal activity

Environmental impact assessment and environmental management plan - a case study of magnesite and dunite mine, South India

The Chalk Hills region of Salem, Tamil Nadu, South India, has been the producer of magnesite of both calcination and refractory grades, for more than a century. Due to the vein type nature of the mineralisation, mining of this white carbonate of magnesium involves employment of men and deployment of heavy earth moving machines. The host rock, dunite, is also being mined as it is a commercially valuable by-product. The mining activity, comprising drilling, blasting (both primary and secondary), loading of waste, transport of over burden and crushing of ore is having considerable impacts on the environment. Dust generation, noise levels and ground vibration were monitored as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Control measures recommended on the basis of findings of EIA are being practiced. Review studies were conducted to gauge the healing effects following the implementation of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). Implementation of the EMP points towards the sustenance of a clean, safe and congenial working environment in the mine and its precincts

Magnetic fabrics in characterization of magma emplacement and tectonic evolution of the Moyar Shear Zone, South India

AbstractThe Moyar Shear Zone (MSZ) of the South Indian granulite terrain hosts a prominent syenite pluton (∼560 Ma) and associated NW-SE to NE-SW trending mafic dyke swarm (∼65 Ma and 95 Ma). Preliminary magnetic fabric studies in the mafic dykes, using Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibly (AMS) studies at low-field, indicate successive emplacement and variable magma flow direction. Magnetic lineation and foliation in these dykes are identical to the mesoscopic fabrics in MSZ mylonites, indicating shear zone guided emplacement. Spatial distribution of magnetic lineation in the dykes suggests a common conduit from which the source magma has been migrated. The magnetic foliation trajectories have a sigmoidal shape to the north of the pluton and curve into the MSZ suggesting dextral sense of shear. Identical fabric conditions for magnetic fabrics in the syenite pluton and measured field fabrics in mylonite indicate syntectonic emplacement along the Proterozoic crustal scale dextral shear zone with repeated reactivation history

Prediction of esophageal varices in chronic liver disease patients by using fibroscan, spleen size and platelet count.

Patients with cirrhosis of liver according to current guidelines and recommendation need to undergo screening with an OGD scopy to detect esophageal varices and to institute prophylactic measures in patients with large esophageal varices at the time of diagnosis and during follow up. This poses social and medical burden due to the greater number of cirrhotic patients and lesser number of endoscopy units. In this study we aim to identify the non invasive predictors of esophageal varices particularly fibroscan, spleen size, platelet count and platelet count/ spleen diameter ratio. Methods In this observational study of 50 patients, newly diagnosed patients with chronic liver disease without a history of gastro intestinal bleeding were included between march 2014 and September 2014. Relevant clinical parameters were assessed which included physical examination, complete hemogram, biochemical work up, liver stiffness measurement using fibroscan , USG measurement of spleen long axis diameter, OGD scopy . platelet count/ spleen diameter ratio was calculated for all patients. Results Among the 50 patients studied males predominated the study with 86%. Out of the study population 88% of the patients had varices. For a cut off point of fibroscan value > 32 ,the sensitivity was 79.5% and specificity was 100% . A statistically significant correlation between fibroscan values and presence of varices was noted ( P ==0.001). for a cut off value of platelet count/ spleen diameter the sensitivity was 68.2% and statistical correlation was sgnifican( P = for the prediction of varices. CONCLUSION: From our study we conclude that fibroscan is a valuable tool in the prediction of presence of esophageal varices. But the cut off values differ from study to study which needs to be validated. A lower PC/SD ratio determine the presence of highgrades of varices. From all these parameters we could identify the subset of patients who require OGD scopy for the prophylactic management of esophageal varices. Therefore avoiding unnecessary endoscopy screenings and reducing the burden of endoscopy units. Apart from being non invasive these parameters are easily reproducible

Signaling Congestion Control Mechanisms for Supporting Machine-To-Machine Communications in 4G LTE Cellular Networks

Typically, in Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication system, an M2M device (sensor, meter, etc.) captures an event (pressure, inventory level, etc.), which is relayed through a communication network (wireless, wired or hybrid, cellular) to an application (software program), that translates the captured event into meaningful information without any human intervention. Based on this concept, several noble applications have been developed such as environment monitoring, smart grid, e-healthcare, and fleet management which will affect various aspects of our life

Prevalence study of Thyroid Disorders in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic endocrine disorder of children and early adults of autoimmune origin. It is often complicated by other autoimmune disorders especially autoimmune thyroid disease characterized by the presence of thyroid antibodies to peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Using these autoantibodies, organ-specific autoimmunity may be detected before the development of autoimmune clinical disease. Thus the aim of the study is to find the prevalence of thyroid disorder and thyroid autoimmunity status in type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHOD: Data were collected from 100 type 1 Diabetic patients. They were tested for thyroid profile (TSH, total T3 and T4) and thyroid autoimmunity (thyroid peroxidase antibodies). RESULTS: The prevalence of thyroid disorder and thyroid autoimmunity was found to be 14% and 18% respectively in T1DM. Out of 18 thyroid peroxidase positive patients, 14 were hypothyroid and 4 were euthyroid. Over the 14 hypothyroid, only 3 were overt hypothyroid and the remaining 11 were subclinical hypothyroid. There was female preponderance for thyroid autoimmunity in T1DM. There is also significant association T1DM and development of thyroid autoimmunity. CONCLUSION: There is higher incidence of thyroid disorder in type 1 diabetes mellitus which is usually subclinical. Coexisting thyroid disorder in type 1 diabetes may have a poor outcome on glucose control. Thus there is a need for periodic screening of thyroid profile in type 1 diabetes mellitus

Reproductive Biology of Cinnamomum Sulphuratum Nees. from Wet Evergreen Forest of Western Ghats in Karnataka

In Cinnamomum sulphuratum the initiation of the buds occurred after the leaf initiation during October and initiation of buds started during November last week. Inflorescence is an axillary panicle with 62.48¡À7.01 floral buds that took 13¡À1.41 days to bloom. Flower offer both pollen and nectar as a floral reward to the pollinators. Foragers include honeybees, butterflies, wasps, flies and ants. The flowers are self-compatible, pollinate both by self and cross pollination. In Allogamy (Hand cross pollination), highest mean percentage of fruit set was observed as 71 and 75% respectively for the period 2012-13 and 2013-14

Wideband Bi-Static and Monostatic Star Antenna Systems

The thesis presents the design, and development of novel wideband Simultaneous Transmit And Receive (STAR) antenna systems. A STAR or in-band full-duplex system has the potential to double the throughput of a communication channel, which is highly important for the next-generation wireless networks. Similarly, these systems could increase the effectiveness of Electronic Warfare (EW) and Support (S) operation, by facilitating spectrum/channel sensing while jamming. A self-interference (SI) phenomenon, where the transmitter disrupts its own receiver is a major challenge in the practical realization of any radio frequency (RF) system. High isolation (>130 dB) is often needed to overcome this SI. A common approach to achieve this high isolation is some combination of cancellation levels such as antenna, analog, digital and signal processing layers. The thesis focuses on maximizing the isolation at the antenna layer, which is crucial for the system implementation. This is attained by researching bi-static, monostatic, and quasi-monostatic architectures that do not rely on polarization multiplexing.Bi-static configurations use separate TX and RX antennas. Hence, the SI can be minimized by increasing the separation between apertures, embedding high impedance surfaces (HISs), or by recessing the RX antenna inside the absorber, as demonstrated in this thesis. The advantages and limitations of each of these techniques are analyzed through full-wave simulations and measurements. High power capable, wideband, metallic quad ridge horn (QRH) antennas are first developed and bi-static, dual polarized STAR system is realized with them. Measured isolation >60 dB is demonstrated between the TX and RX apertures operating over 6-19 GHz and separated by 4λ at the turn on frequency. Isolation >70 dB is obtained in the 18-45 GHz bi-static dual polarized in-band duplex antenna system. Further, the influence of scatterers on system isolation is discussed.Bi-static configurations are robust, and system isolation is less sensitive to the asymmetries in the geometry. However, they require significant area particularly when highly directive apertures are needed. When a bi-static approach is applied to reflector-based systems, the overall size of the system is often prohibitively large. Hence, a monostatic configuration is highly desired for a high gain system. In this thesis, a monostatic STAR configuration, operating from 4-8 GHz, is developed by feeding the designed circularly polarized (CP) reflector antenna with all-analog beamforming network (BFN) consisting of two 90° and 180° hybrids and two circulators. The BFN is arranged to cancel the coupled/leaked signal from the antenna and circulators, by creating 180° phase difference between the TX and RX reflected signals. Theoretically, with ideal devices this approach can provide infinite isolation. In practice, the isolation is limited by the electrical and geometrical imbalances. Nonetheless, using COTS components with noticeable imbalances, average isolation >30 dB is achieved with the fabricated system, which is on average 15 dB higher than the isolation obtained with a conventional circulator approach.Finally, a quasi-monostatic STAR approach is proposed to address the limitations of bi-static and monostatic configurations. The demonstrated configuration can achieve 30 dB (on average) higher isolation than the monostatic reflector architecture with the same BFN components. The quasi-monostatic STAR antenna system consists of a parabolic reflector antenna for transmission, and a receiving antenna mounted back-to-back with the reflector feed. To increase the system isolation both the TX feed and the RX antenna are CP. Further, to achieve the same TX and RX polarization the TX feed is LHCP, and the RX antenna is RHCP. The LHCP fields from the TX feed undergo polarization reversal after bouncing back from the reflector, thereby, the TX and RX operate in the same polarization. T