Comparison of the effects of prone and supine positions on abdominal distention in the premature infants receiving nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP)

Background: Premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are in dire need of respiratory support with a ventilator. However, the high tidal volume of mechanical ventilation may cause lung injury, and researchers have been concerned with the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP). NCPAP has concomitant side effects, such as abdominal distention, which might disrupt the proper nutrition of neonates. The present study aimed to compare the effects of supine and prone positions on the abdominal distension of the newborns with NCPAP. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 37 neonates during six months with a randomized block crossover design selected for the supine and prone positions on the back and abdomen, respectively. Samples were breastfed infants receiving noninvasive ventilation, who were kept in the mentioned positions for two hours. Data analysis was performed in Application SRS version 19 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In the analysis of variance, comparison of the changes in the abdominal circumference at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes in the supine position (P=0.004) and prone position (P=0.001) with repeated sizes indicated a significant difference in at least one of the mentioned timings. Conclusion: According to the results, prone position while feeding could effectively reduce abdominal distension in the neonates receiving NCPAP. © 2018 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Biased Treg/Th17 balance away from regulatory toward inflammatory phenotype in relapsed multiple sclerosis and its correlation with severity of symptoms

The opposing immune functions of Treg and Th17 lymphocytes and the plasticity of Treg/Th17 differentiation, has led us to investigate the effects of their fluctuations and counterbalance in autoimmune condition of multiple sclerosis (MS). Evaluation of Treg and Th17 frequency in peripheral blood of a group of relapsed MS patients, showed a decrease in Treg/Th17 ratio compared to that of healthy controls. A reverse correlation between these subsets was observed in controls but not in patient groups. Both Treg frequency and Treg/Th17 ratio were negatively correlated with severity of symptoms. There was shown to be an enduring increase in Treg frequency associated with MS disease

Эпидемиология злокачественных новообразований полости рта по Витебской области

РОТОВОЙ ПОЛОСТИ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИ

Epithelial expression of mRNA and protein for IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in endobronchial biopsies in horses with recurrent airway obstruction

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of bronchial epithelium to airway inflammation, with focus on mRNA and protein expression of cytokines of innate immunity IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha, in horses with Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO) during exacerbation and in remission. RESULTS: Despite marked clinical and physiologic alterations between exacerbation and after remission in the RAO horses no differences were detected in either cytokine mRNA or protein levels. Moreover, the expression of investigated cytokines in RAO horses on pasture did not differ from controls.In comparing real-time PCR analysis to results of immunohistochemistry only IL-10 mRNA and protein levels in RAO horses on pasture were significantly correlated (rs = 0.893, p = 0.007). Curiously, in controls examined on pasture the TNF-alpha protein level was positively correlated to IL-10 mRNA expression (rs = 0.967, p = 0.007) and negatively correlated to IL-6 mRNA expression (rs = -0.971, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Given the complementary relationship of assessing cytokines directly by immunohistochemistry, or indirectly by PCR to mRNA, the lack of significant changes in either mRNA or protein levels of IL-6, IL-10 or TNF-alpha mRNA in RAO horses in exacerbation suggests that these particular cytokines in bronchial tissue may not play a substantive role in the active inflammation of this disease. To support this contention further studies examining time dependency of expression of IL-6, IL-10 or TNF-alpha are needed, as is expansion of the range of cytokines to include other key regulators of airway inflammation.Peer reviewe

Comparison of the effects of prone and supine positions on abdominal distention in the premature infants receiving nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP)

Background: Premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are in dire need of respiratory support with a ventilator. However, the high tidal volume of mechanical ventilation may cause lung injury, and researchers have been concerned with the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP). NCPAP has concomitant side effects, such as abdominal distention, which might disrupt the proper nutrition of neonates. The present study aimed to compare the effects of supine and prone positions on the abdominal distension of the newborns with NCPAP. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 37 neonates during six months with a randomized block crossover design selected for the supine and prone positions on the back and abdomen, respectively. Samples were breastfed infants receiving noninvasive ventilation, who were kept in the mentioned positions for two hours. Data analysis was performed in Application SRS version 19 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In the analysis of variance, comparison of the changes in the abdominal circumference at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes in the supine position (P=0.004) and prone position (P=0.001) with repeated sizes indicated a significant difference in at least one of the mentioned timings. Conclusion: According to the results, prone position while feeding could effectively reduce abdominal distension in the neonates receiving NCPAP. © 2018 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Comparison of the effects of prone and supine positions on abdominal distention in the premature infants receiving nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP)

Background: Premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are in dire need of respiratory support with a ventilator. However, the high tidal volume of mechanical ventilation may cause lung injury, and researchers have been concerned with the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP). NCPAP has concomitant side effects, such as abdominal distention, which might disrupt the proper nutrition of neonates. The present study aimed to compare the effects of supine and prone positions on the abdominal distension of the newborns with NCPAP. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 37 neonates during six months with a randomized block crossover design selected for the supine and prone positions on the back and abdomen, respectively. Samples were breastfed infants receiving noninvasive ventilation, who were kept in the mentioned positions for two hours. Data analysis was performed in Application SRS version 19 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In the analysis of variance, comparison of the changes in the abdominal circumference at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes in the supine position (P=0.004) and prone position (P=0.001) with repeated sizes indicated a significant difference in at least one of the mentioned timings. Conclusion: According to the results, prone position while feeding could effectively reduce abdominal distension in the neonates receiving NCPAP. © 2018 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Urban particulate matter stimulation of human dendritic cells enhances priming of naive CD8 T lymphocytes

Wellcome Trust. Grant Number: 098882/Z/12/Z National Institute for Health Research (NIHR

Antioxidant airway responses following experimental exposure to wood smoke in man

Background: Biomass combustion contributes to the production of ambient particulate matter (PM) in rural environments as well as urban settings, but relatively little is known about the health effects of these emissions. The aim of this study was therefore to characterize airway responses in humans exposed to wood smoke PM under controlled conditions. Nineteen healthy volunteers were exposed to both wood smoke, at a particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration of 224 +/- 22 mu g/m(3), and filtered air for three hours with intermittent exercise. The wood smoke was generated employing an experimental set-up with an adjustable wood pellet boiler system under incomplete combustion. Symptoms, lung function, and exhaled NO were measured over exposures, with bronchoscopy performed 24 h post-exposure for characterisation of airway inflammatory and antioxidant responses in airway lavages. Results: Glutathione (GSH) concentrations were enhanced in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) after wood smoke exposure vs. air (p = 0.025), together with an increase in upper airway symptoms. Neither lung function, exhaled NO nor systemic nor airway inflammatory parameters in BAL and bronchial mucosal biopsies were significantly affected. Conclusions: Exposure of healthy subjects to wood smoke, derived from an experimental wood pellet boiler operating under incomplete combustion conditions with PM emissions dominated by organic matter, caused an increase in mucosal symptoms and GSH in the alveolar respiratory tract lining fluids but no acute airway inflammatory responses. We contend that this response reflects a mobilisation of GSH to the air-lung interface, consistent with a protective adaptation to the investigated wood smoke exposure

The Effect of Abdominal Touch on Nutritional Tolerance in Premature Infants: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trail

Background The most common cause of death during neonatal period is prematurity. Nutritional tolerance is very important in this period. If during this period the problems of feeding the preterm infant are not resolved, chronic disorder occurs in normal growth. Materials and Methods In this randomized controlledclinical trial we selected 60 preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit of Motahhari Hospital in Urmia, Iran, and randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. The infants were touched using Field technique by olive oil in two steps in the morning and evening, with a time of 15 minutes by first researcher. Nutritional tolerance was evaluated using the "Daily Observation Chart" and by gavage milk volume, abdominal circumference, the frequency of defecations and gastric residual volume. The data were collected during 4 consecutive days and the results were compared on the fourth day, with the first day. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 17.0. Results According to the results, the abdominal circumference after touch was less in the intervention group (1.77±1.38) compared to the control group (1.43±1.22) (

Comparative Analysis of Apigenin-3 Acetate versus Apigenin and Methyl-Prednisolone in Inhibiting Proliferation and Gene Expression of Th1 Cells in Multiple Sclerosis

Objective: In spite of the advances in therapeutic modalities, morbidity, due to multiple sclerosis (MS), still remains high.Therefore, a large body of research is endeavouring to discover or develop novel therapies with improved efficacy fortreating MS patients. In the present study, we examined the immunomodulatory effects of apigenin (Api) on peripheralblood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from MS patients. We also developed an acetylated form of Api (apigenin-3-acetate) to improve In its blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Additionally, we compared its anti-inflammatoryproperties to original Api and methyl-prednisolone-acetate (a standard therapy), as a potential option in treating MSpatients.Materials and Methods: The current study was an experimental-interventional research. The half maximal inhibitoryconcentration (IC50) values for apigenin-3-acetate, apigenin, and methyl-prednisolone-acetate were determined inhealthy volunteers’ PBMCs (n=3). Gene expressions of T-box transcription factor (TBX21 or T-bet) and IFN-γ, as wellas proliferation of T cells isolated from MS patients’ PBMCs (n=5), were examined in co-cultures of apigenin-3-acetate,Api and methyl-prednisolone-acetate after 48 hours of treatment, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerasechain reaction (qRT-PCR).Results: Our findings showed that apigenin-3-acetate, apigenin, and methyl-prednisolone-acetate at concentrations of80, 80, and 2.5 M could inhibit Th1 cell proliferation after 48 hours (P=0.001, P=0.036, and P=0.047, respectively); theyalso inhibited T-bet (P=0.015, P=0.019, and P=0.022) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) gene expressions (P=0.0001).Conclusion: Our findings suggested that Api may have anti-inflammatory properties, possibly by inhibiting proliferationof IFN-producing Th1 cells. Moreover, comparative immunomodulatory effects were found for the acetylated version ofapigenin-3-acetate versus Api and methyl-prednisolone-acetate