Afgebrand: het voortijdig vertrek van mr. Piet Hein Donner als Minister van Justitie

De Onderzoeksraad voor Veiligheid heeft naar aanleiding van de brand op het cellencomplex Schiphol-Oost, een onderzoek in gesteld en een eindrapport aangeleverd. Dit eindrapport leidde op 21 september 2006 tot de beslissing van de ministers Donner en Dekker om hun ontslag aan de koningin aan te bieden. Hoewel de beslissingen rond de bouw van het cellencomplex veelal zijn genomen in voorgaande kabinetsperioden, gaf minister Donner aan dat een minister niet alleen verantwoordelijkheid draagt voor wat hij zelf beslist of voor wat er gedurende zijn ambtsperiode wordt besloten, maar ook voor wat daaraan vooraf gaat

Van nationaal belang: De functie van het Nederlandse literaire erfgoed in de eerste helft van de negentiende eeuw

At the end of the 18th century the interest in the literary past emerged in the Netherlands. In this article I will try to explain why all of a sudden the literary past became an object of study. First of all the authors from the past were used to improve the contemporary Dutch literature. Another reason was the belief that patriotic feelings could be disseminated through literature. After 1813 the literary past became vital for engendering a national recovery. The focus came to lie upon the restoration of the national identity and the literature, especially the literature from the seventeenth century, had an important role to play in this

In Vivo Imaging Biomarkers in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease: Are We Lost in Translation or Breaking Through?

Identification of biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a critical priority to efficiently diagnose the patients, to stage the progression of neurodegeneration in living subjects, and to assess the effects of disease-modifier treatments. This paper addresses the development and usefulness of preclinical neuroimaging biomarkers of AD. It is today possible to image in vivo the brain of small rodents at high resolution and to detect the occurrence of macroscopic/microscopic lesions in these species, as well as of functional alterations reminiscent of AD pathology. We will outline three different types of imaging biomarkers that can be used in AD mouse models: biomarkers with clear translational potential, biomarkers that can serve as in vivo readouts (in particular in the context of drug discovery) exclusively for preclinical research, and finally biomarkers that constitute new tools for fundamental research on AD physiopathogeny

THE EARLY POST-NATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEURONAL LYSOSOME 1

The hydrolysis of p -nitrophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-Β-d-gluco-(I) and Β-d-galacto-pyranoside (II) and of p -nitrophenyl-Α-d-mannopyranoside (III) by neuronal cell bodies and glial cells isolated from the cerebral cortex of 18-day-old or adult rats was found to be equally efficient, with relative ratios of hydrolysis for I, II and III of approximately 10:1:0.5 in both cell types and at both ages. Homogenates of the neuronal cell bodies obtained from cerebral cortices of 3-, 8-, 12-, 18- and 32-day-old rats were subjected to differential centrifugation and the subcellular localization of N -acetyl-Β-d-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) hydrolysing (I)] was compared to that of the mitochondrial marker, succinate-INT- oxidoreductase (EC 1.3.99.1). A fraction in which N -acetyl-Β-d-glucosaminidase exhibited maximal specific activity could be isolated at all ages, an observation indicating that the potential for active hydrolytic performance is incorporated into the neuronal lysosome very early post-natally. The specific activities of N -acetyl-Β-d-glucosaminidase and succinate- INT-oxidoreductase reached their respective maxima at widely different times postnatally: at 10–12 days for the mitochondrial enzyme and at about 18 days for the glycosidase, a difference suggesting that in the cortical neuron lysosomes and mitochondria develop out of step. The mitochondrial, lysosomal and microsomal fractions obtained by differential centrifugation were subjected to equilibrium density centrifugation and the presence of two populations of N -acetyl-Β-d-glucosaminidase-bearing particles was demonstrated. Although their presence was readily apparent in the neurons from 8- and 12-day old brains, it was difficult to discern their presence in the neurons from the 3- and the 18-day-old brains. In 8-day-old brains gradient fractions obtained from neurons containing N -acetyl-Β-d-glucosaminidase of a specific activity up to 8-fold higher than that of the enzyme in the original neuronal homogenate were examined by electron microscopy and the concentration of numerous lysosomes and derivative bodies in these fractions was verified. Our present study demonstrates the capability of the immature and developing neuron to tightly couple the pace of its degradative processes to that of its highly efficient and highly selective synthetic activities.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66318/1/j.1471-4159.1972.tb01312.x.pd

A STUDY OF THE NASCENT POLYPEPTIDES SYNTHESIZED ON THE FREE POLYRIBOSOMES OF RAT BRAIN IN VIVO 1

The free polyribosomes of the cerebral cortex of the immature rat (12-14 days old) were exposed to very low concentrations of trypsin at 0°C and for very brief periods of time and the conditions under which their breakdown to smaller aggregates occurs were determined. Trypsin also caused the release of nascent, radioactive polypeptides from polyribosomes prelabelled with [ 14 C]amino acids in vivo. An examination of the kinetics of release of the nascent chains by trypsin revealed that it was dependent on the concentration of trypsin as well as on the duration of incubation in the presence of trypsin. The influence of the nature of the [ 14 C]amino acid used as precursor of the nascent polypeptides and of the duration of the radioactive pulse in vivo was also determined. The radioactivity associated with polyribosomes as a result of the brief radioactive pulses administered (2 to 10 minutes) was incompletely removed even after the ribosomes were dissociated into subunits by EDTA. These findings suggest that the assembly of the cerebral ribosome in vivo must be a very rapid process, particularly in the immature animal. The nature of the nascent, radioactive polypeptides was studied by disc gel and high voltage electrophoresis and by thin-layer and column chromatography. Evidence was obtained that a rather limited number of qualitatively different molecules resides on the polyribosomes at any given moment.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65454/1/j.1471-4159.1971.tb00223.x.pd

MODIFIKASI GERGAJI TANGAN ELEKTRIK UNTUK MEMOTONG MATA TUNAS TEBU (Saccharum offichinarum L)

Generally the multiplication of sugarcane was conducted by cutting. The latest methods in sugarcane plant propogation using methods budchip. Criteria that must be met from the seed cane chunk with budchip methods, namely: (1) the buds are not injured, (2) has a root cuttings. This study aims to make design and performance testing of sugarcane buds mower. Stages of research: (1) identification of problem, (2) design, (3) assembly , and (4) testing machine includes functional testing and testing elemtary. The results showed that buds cane cutting machine has a capacity 1900 shoots/hour and Yield efficiency of 92.3%. Break-event point (BEF) has been achieved when producing 321.071,4 buds during 33 days.Keywords: bud chip, cutting capacity, cutting results, effisiensi, and analysis econom

Machine learning based estimation of axonal permeability: validation on cuprizone treated in-vivo mouse model of axonal demyelination

Estimating axonal permeability reliably is extremely important, however not yet achieved because mathematical models that express its relationship to the MR signal accurately are intractable. Recently introduced machine learning based computational model showed to outperforms previous approximate mathematical models. Here we apply and validate this novel method experimentally on a highly controlled in-vivo mouse model of axonal demyelination, and demonstrate for the first time in practice the power of machine learning as a mechanism to construct complex biophysical models for quantitative MRI

Deep neural network based framework for in-vivo axonal permeability estimation

This study introduces a novel framework for estimating permeability from diffusion-weighted MRI data using deep learning. Recent work introduced a random forest (RF) regressor model that outperforms approximate mathematical models (Kärger model). Motivated by recent developments in machine learning, we propose a deep neural network (NN) approach to estimate the permeability associated with the water residence time. We show in simulations and in in-vivo mouse brain data that the NN outperforms the RF method. We further show that the performance of either ML method is unaffected by the choice of training data, i.e. raw diffusion signals or signal-derived features yield the same results

Multi-Spherical MRI: Breaking the Boundaries of Diffusion Time

International audienceEffective representation of the diffusion signal’s dependence on diffusion time is a sought-after, yet still unsolved challenge in diffusion MRI (dMRI). We propose a functional basis approach that is specifically designed to represent the dMRI signal in this four-dimensional space – varying over gradient strength, direction and diffusion time – that we call the multi-spherical space. In particular, we provide regularization tools imposing signal sparsity and signal smoothness to drastically reduce the number of measurements we need to probe the properties of this multi-spherical space