58 research outputs found

    Voltammetric analysis of weak acids with microelectrodes

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    The role of H+ on the steady-state voltammetric limiting current (IL) of weak acids (HA) reduction was studied considering results from either lactic acid or acetic acid solutions at constant pH. For solutions with pH > pKa or pH near pKa the [H+] effect on the IL vs cHA slope was important even when the H+ current contribution was minor. In opposition, when pH << pKa high H+ current contributions were found nevertheless the IL vs cHA slope was almost insensitive to pH. A general relationship between IL and cHA was derived considering both the H+ current contribution and the dissociation extent. This equation allows the analytical determination of weak acids, alone or in the presence of strong acids, from experimental IL and pH. Acids identification can also be performed through the presented expression, following the IL susceptibility to pH at constant cHA.POCTI/QUI/ 39525/2001

    ChemInform Abstract: Redox Reactions of Radionuclides

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    Le rĂŽle de la matĂ©rialitĂ© dans l’apprentissage de la lecture : aspects du curriculum enseignĂ©, pratique enseignante et dĂ©veloppement chez l’élĂšve. Une Ă©tude de cas Ă  l’école primaire française

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    Our research consists of a longitudinal study in which one group of pupils in ordinary classroomsituations has been followed from the top level of French pre-elementary school (5- to 6 year-oldpupils) to the second level of French primary school (7- to 8 year-old pupils). For these three schoolgrades, one of the main objectives in the curriculum is learning to read.We consider that pupils build their new reading skills, i.e. the skills characterizing their potentialdevelopment, by relying on skills characterizing their actual development (Vygotski, 1934/1997).When learning to read, pupils yet have at their disposal semiotic abilities related to knowledge bothof material objects and their uses, and of basic gestures and their meaning (Moro & RodrĂ­guez,2005), all of this we sum up under the term of materiality. Consequently, in our research, we makethe hypothesis that the children’s basic abilities related to materiality constitute a resource inteaching-learning situations.We have chosen to carry out a case study. The data collected consist of videos of class sequencescarried out four times a year for three years. These twelve videos are supplemented by two semistructuredinterviews with the teacher, one “self-confronting” interview in which the teacher isbrought to discuss her actions and by the analysis of the ministry’s school curricula. Our analysis isboth macrogenetic and microgenetic. For each teaching sequence, on the level of macrogeneticanalysis, we have made up the synopsis from which we have selected significant episodes in terms ofmateriality. The significant episodes are composed of remarkable events the microgenetic analysis ofwhich requires the use of tools such as materiality boards and photograms.Our study shows that materiality enables pupils to develop reading skills and that the forms thatmateriality takes on change according to the pupils’ acquisition progress and the aspects of reading(code and comprehension) still to be learned.Notre Ă©tude consiste en une recherche longitudinale pour laquelle une cohorte d’élĂšves a Ă©tĂ©suivie depuis la Grande Section de l’école maternelle française (Ă©lĂšves de 5-6 ans) jusqu’au CoursÉlĂ©mentaire 1re annĂ©e de l’école Ă©lĂ©mentaire française (Ă©lĂšves de 7-8 ans) dans des situationsordinaires de classe. À ces niveaux scolaires, l’un des principaux objectifs du curriculum estl’apprentissage de la lecture.Nous considĂ©rons que l’élĂšve construit les compĂ©tences de lecture Ă  acquĂ©rir, i.e. lescompĂ©tences caractĂ©risant son dĂ©veloppement potentiel, en s’appuyant sur les compĂ©tencescaractĂ©risant son dĂ©veloppement actuel (Vygotski, 1934/1997). Lorsqu’il apprend Ă  lire, l’élĂšve a Ă  sadisposition des moyens sĂ©miotiques relatifs Ă  la connaissance des objets et leurs usages, ainsi qu’auxgestes et leur signification (Moro & RodrĂ­guez, 2005), ce que nous appelons globalement lamatĂ©rialitĂ©. En consĂ©quence, dans cette recherche, nous faisons l’hypothĂšse que ces premiĂšreshabiletĂ©s relatives Ă  la matĂ©rialitĂ©, constituent une ressource dans les situations d’enseignementapprentissagede la lecture.Nous rĂ©alisons une Ă©tude de cas dont le recueil des donnĂ©es, Ă  caractĂšre ethnographique, estconstituĂ© de moments de classe enregistrĂ©s en vidĂ©o, et ce, quatre fois par annĂ©e scolaire. Ces douzeenregistrements vidĂ©o sont complĂ©tĂ©s par deux entretiens semi-directifs et un entretien d’autoconfrontation; ils sont aussi mis en lien avec les Instructions officielles (programmes scolaires).L’analyse est Ă  la fois macrogĂ©nĂ©tique et microgĂ©nĂ©tique. Pour chaque observation, concernantl’analyse macrogĂ©nĂ©tique, nous rĂ©alisons le synopsis Ă  partir duquel nous sĂ©lectionnons des Ă©pisodessignificatifs porteurs de matĂ©rialitĂ©. Les Ă©pisodes significatifs sont constituĂ©s des Ă©vĂ©nementsremarquables dont les analyses microgĂ©nĂ©tiques nĂ©cessitent l’utilisation d’outils, Ă  savoir lestableaux des matĂ©rialitĂ©s et les photogrammes.Notre Ă©tude montre que la matĂ©rialitĂ© permet aux Ă©lĂšves de devenir lecteurs et que les formes decette matĂ©rialitĂ© changent en fonction de l’avancĂ©e des acquisitions des Ă©lĂšves et des dimensions dela lecture (code et comprĂ©hension) Ă  apprendre

    The role of materiality in learning to read : aspects of the taught curriculum, teaching practice and pupil development : a case of study at the French Primary School

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    Notre Ă©tude consiste en une recherche longitudinale pour laquelle une cohorte d’élĂšves a Ă©tĂ©suivie depuis la Grande Section de l’école maternelle française (Ă©lĂšves de 5-6 ans) jusqu’au CoursÉlĂ©mentaire 1re annĂ©e de l’école Ă©lĂ©mentaire française (Ă©lĂšves de 7-8 ans) dans des situationsordinaires de classe. À ces niveaux scolaires, l’un des principaux objectifs du curriculum estl’apprentissage de la lecture.Nous considĂ©rons que l’élĂšve construit les compĂ©tences de lecture Ă  acquĂ©rir, i.e. lescompĂ©tences caractĂ©risant son dĂ©veloppement potentiel, en s’appuyant sur les compĂ©tencescaractĂ©risant son dĂ©veloppement actuel (Vygotski, 1934/1997). Lorsqu’il apprend Ă  lire, l’élĂšve a Ă  sadisposition des moyens sĂ©miotiques relatifs Ă  la connaissance des objets et leurs usages, ainsi qu’auxgestes et leur signification (Moro & RodrĂ­guez, 2005), ce que nous appelons globalement lamatĂ©rialitĂ©. En consĂ©quence, dans cette recherche, nous faisons l’hypothĂšse que ces premiĂšreshabiletĂ©s relatives Ă  la matĂ©rialitĂ©, constituent une ressource dans les situations d’enseignementapprentissagede la lecture.Nous rĂ©alisons une Ă©tude de cas dont le recueil des donnĂ©es, Ă  caractĂšre ethnographique, estconstituĂ© de moments de classe enregistrĂ©s en vidĂ©o, et ce, quatre fois par annĂ©e scolaire. Ces douzeenregistrements vidĂ©o sont complĂ©tĂ©s par deux entretiens semi-directifs et un entretien d’autoconfrontation; ils sont aussi mis en lien avec les Instructions officielles (programmes scolaires).L’analyse est Ă  la fois macrogĂ©nĂ©tique et microgĂ©nĂ©tique. Pour chaque observation, concernantl’analyse macrogĂ©nĂ©tique, nous rĂ©alisons le synopsis Ă  partir duquel nous sĂ©lectionnons des Ă©pisodessignificatifs porteurs de matĂ©rialitĂ©. Les Ă©pisodes significatifs sont constituĂ©s des Ă©vĂ©nementsremarquables dont les analyses microgĂ©nĂ©tiques nĂ©cessitent l’utilisation d’outils, Ă  savoir lestableaux des matĂ©rialitĂ©s et les photogrammes.Notre Ă©tude montre que la matĂ©rialitĂ© permet aux Ă©lĂšves de devenir lecteurs et que les formes decette matĂ©rialitĂ© changent en fonction de l’avancĂ©e des acquisitions des Ă©lĂšves et des dimensions dela lecture (code et comprĂ©hension) Ă  apprendre.Our research consists of a longitudinal study in which one group of pupils in ordinary classroomsituations has been followed from the top level of French pre-elementary school (5- to 6 year-oldpupils) to the second level of French primary school (7- to 8 year-old pupils). For these three schoolgrades, one of the main objectives in the curriculum is learning to read.We consider that pupils build their new reading skills, i.e. the skills characterizing their potentialdevelopment, by relying on skills characterizing their actual development (Vygotski, 1934/1997).When learning to read, pupils yet have at their disposal semiotic abilities related to knowledge bothof material objects and their uses, and of basic gestures and their meaning (Moro & RodrĂ­guez,2005), all of this we sum up under the term of materiality. Consequently, in our research, we makethe hypothesis that the children’s basic abilities related to materiality constitute a resource inteaching-learning situations.We have chosen to carry out a case study. The data collected consist of videos of class sequencescarried out four times a year for three years. These twelve videos are supplemented by two semistructuredinterviews with the teacher, one “self-confronting” interview in which the teacher isbrought to discuss her actions and by the analysis of the ministry’s school curricula. Our analysis isboth macrogenetic and microgenetic. For each teaching sequence, on the level of macrogeneticanalysis, we have made up the synopsis from which we have selected significant episodes in terms ofmateriality. The significant episodes are composed of remarkable events the microgenetic analysis ofwhich requires the use of tools such as materiality boards and photograms.Our study shows that materiality enables pupils to develop reading skills and that the forms thatmateriality takes on change according to the pupils’ acquisition progress and the aspects of reading(code and comprehension) still to be learned

    Le déclin de l abeille domestique, Apis mellifera en France

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    NANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Voltammetry of Microparticles and in situ microRaman measurements under potentiostatic conditions. I. Spectroelectrochemical behaviour of Prussian blue, PbO and Bi 2 O 3

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    International audienceThe results obtained with solid electroactive microparticles immobilized on a graphite electrode surface using cyclic voltammetry and in situ microRaman measurements at selected potentials allowed us to complete the understanding of the spectroelectrochemical behaviours of Prussian blue, ÎČ-PbO and Bi2O3. In the case of Prussian blue, we provided a simple but complete analysis of the Raman spectral data for the species Fe[Fe(CN)6] and K2Fe[Fe(CN)6]. The investigation of PbO in neutral chloride media showed that Pb(OH)Cl is the Pb° electrochemical oxidation product whereas the study of Bi2O3 demonstrated that the oxidation of Bi° in alkaline solutions leads essentially to amorphous Bi(OH)3
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