Development and production of explosively bonded 316SS/tantalum tubing

Explosively bonded 316SS/tantalum tubing for SNAP 8 boile

Laser-endoskopische Vermessung der oberen Atemwege mit einem Multipoint-Laser-Endoskop

Referat: Starre und flexible Endoskopien gehören heutzutage zu den Standarduntersuchungen in der HNO-Heilkunde. Mit der Weiterentwicklung und vermehrten Anwendung von TLM (transoral surgery) und TORS (transoral robotic surgery), gewinnt die präoperative Vermessung von Befunden an Wichtigkeit. Trotz mehrerer wissenschaftlicher Studien konnte bisher noch keine befriedigende standardisierte Methode zur endoskopischen Vermessung der oberen Atemwege gefunden werden. Bisher ließen optische und technische Umstände eine objektive endoskopische Vermessung nicht zu. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, transorale Vermessungen mittels Multipoint-Laser-Endoskop auf Genauigkeit und Anwendbarkeit zu überprüfen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde ein Multipoint-Laser-Endoskop verwendet, das 49 Laserpunkte (Wellenlänge 639 nm, Leistung < 5 mW) in die optische Achse des Endoskopbildes projiziert. Durch die Erstellung eines 3D-Koordinatensystems können im Endoskopbild sowohl Strecken-, als auch Tiefen- und Flächenmessungen in Echtzeit vorgenommen werden. Nach einem Modellversuch erfolgten endoskopische Vermessungen an neun Leichenpräparaten im Bereich von Larynx und Trachea, die im Anschluss mit CT-Vermessungen verglichen wurden. Sieben der neun Leichenpräparate konnten für die Auswertung genutzt werden. Dabei ergab sich ein optimaler Messabstand von Endoskopspitze zu untersuchtem Objekt von 5-6 cm. Der durchschnittliche Messfehler lag bei 3.26 % ± 2.53 %. Der Vergleich mit den CT-Vermessungen ergab hervorragende Spearman-Korrelationskoeffizienten von 0.95 (p = 0.01) für die Larynxvermessung und 0.93 (p < 0.01) für die Trachealvermessung. Zusammenfassend lässt sich die Multipoint-Laser-Vermessung als eine vielversprechende Methode für den täglichen Einsatz in der diagnostischen und chirurgischen HNO einschätzen

What makes business speakers sound charismatic? A contrastive acoustic-melodic analysis of Steve Jobs and Mark Zuckerberg

Phonetic research on the prosodic sources of perceived charisma has taken a big step towards making a speaker’s tone-of-voice a tangible, quantifiable, and trainable matter. However, the tone-of-voice includes a complex bundle of acoustic features, and a lot of parameters have not even been looked at so far. Moreover, all previous studies focused on political or religious leaders and left aside the large field of managers and CEOs in the world of business. These are the two research gaps addressed in the present study. An acoustic analysis of about 1,350 prosodic phrases from keynotes given by a more charismatic CEO (Steve Jobs) and a less charismatic CEO (Mark Zuckerberg) suggests that the same tone-of-voice settings that make political or religious leaders sound more charismatic also work for business speakers. In addition, results point to further charisma-relevant acoustic parameters related to rhythm, emphasis, pausing, and voice quality - as well as to audience type as a significant context factor. The findings are discussed with respect to implications for future perception-oriented studies and perspectives for a computer-based measurement, assessment, and training of a charismatic tone of voice.La investigación sobre las características prosódicas de la percepción del carisma ha mostrado que el tono de voz de un orador es una característica tangible, cuantificable y entrenable. Sin embargo, el tono de voz incluye un conjunto complejo de rasgos acústicos y muchos parámetros no han sido estudiados hasta ahora. Además, los estudios previos se han centrado en el análisis del carisma de líderes políticos o religiosos y han dejado de lado el análisis de un gran número de mánagers y directores ejecutivos en el mundo de los negocios. En este estudio presentamos un análisis acústico de cerca de 1,350 frases prosódicas procedentes de discursos realizados por uno de los directores ejecutivos más carismáticos (Steve Jobs) y por uno menos carismático (Marc Zuckerberg). Los resultados sugieren que los ajustes del mismo tono de voz que hace que los líderes políticos y religiosos suenen más carismáticos también funcionen para oradores del mundo de los negocios. Además, los resultados muestran la relevancia de más parámetros acústicos, aparte del tono, para la percepción del carisma como son el ritmo, el énfasis, las pausas y la calidad de la voz - así como también el tipo de público como un factor significativo de contexto

Wasserdampf- und n-Butanadsorption an Aktivkohle: Mechanismus, Gleichgewicht und Dynamik der Einkomponenten- und der Koadsorption

Schwerpunkt der Arbeit war die Entwicklung und Testung von Isothermenmodellen. Bezüglich der Einkomponentenadsorption von Wasserdampf an Aktivkohle wurden verschiedene theoriebasierte Modelle entwickelt, mit denen die für das System Wasserdampf/Aktivkohle typischen S-förmigen Isothermenverläufe gleich gut oder besser als mit allen bisher publizierten Modellen wiedergegeben werden können. Die Modellierung der Koadsorption blieb demgegenüber auf die Anwendung bekannter Modelle beschränkt, wobei jedoch zahlreiche Verbesserungen an diesen Modellen vorgenommen wurden. Im Ergebnis der Untersuchungen musste festgestellt werden, dass mit keinem der in der Literatur zu findenden Modelle die experimentellen Daten zufrieden stellend wiedergegeben werden können. Auf Basis der eigenen experimentellen Befunde zur Dynamik und zum Gleichgewicht der Koadsorption sowie der Auswertung der verfügbaren Literaturdaten wurde daher eine Theorie zum Mechanismus der Koadsorption vorgeschlagen, die in künftigen Arbeiten als Ausgangspunkt für die Entwicklung besserer Gemischisothermenmodelle dienen kann

Adsorption and desorption of atrazine on a melamine-based soil amendment

Adsorption kinetics and adsorption-desorption of atrazine on organoclay composites prepared with the surfactant 6-piperazin-1-yl-N,N'-bis-(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-butyl)-(1,3,5)triazine-2,4-diamine and Houston Black clay were studied using the indirect batch equilibration procedure. The organoclay composites sorbed significantly more atrazine than the Houston Black clay. Adsorption equilibrium was reached after 72 h for the organoclay composites. Atrazine adsorption isotherms were described by linear partitioning. The Koc values ranged from 605 to 5271 L kg-1 for the organoclay composites compared to a value of 41 L kg-1 for the Houston Black clay. The organoclay composite containing 20% surfactant on a total weight basis provided the most efficient adsorption of atrazine, although organoclay composites containing much lower amounts of surfactant also adsorbed significant amounts of atrazine. An average of 11% of sorbed atrazine was released during desorption. Characterization of desorption products showed only atrazine molecules being released from the organoclay composites

Integrated multipoint-laser endoscopic airway measurements by transoral approach

Objectives: Optical and technical characteristics usually do not allow objective endoscopic distance measurements. So far no standardized method for endoscopic distance measurement is available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of transoral airway measurements with a multipoint-laser endoscope. Methods: The semirigid endoscope includes a multipoint laser measurement system that projects 49 laser points (wavelength 639 nm, power < 5mW) into the optical axis of the endoscopic view. Distances, areas, and depths can be measured in real-time. Transoral endoscopic airway measurements were performed on nine human cadavers, which were correlated with CT measurements. Results: The preliminary experiment showed an optimum distance between the endoscope tip and the object of 5 to 6 cm. There was a mean measurement error of 3.26% ± 2.53%. A Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.95

Voltage-controlled on switching and manipulation of magnetization via the redox transformation of β-FeOOH nanoplatelets

Redox-based metal/metal oxide transformations achieved via electrolytic gating recently emerged as a novel, magneto-ionic route for voltage control of magnetism. So far, mainly metal or oxide thin films and nanoporous metal alloy structures are used as starting materials. The present study demonstrates a magneto-ionic transformation starting from a stable electrodeposited FeOOH nanoplatelet structure. The application of a low voltage in a Li-based electrolyte results in the reduction of the virtually non-magnetic FeOOH into ferromagnetic Fe, yielding an ON switching of magnetization. The magnetization can be tuned in a large range by the time of voltage application and remains stable after voltage-switch off. A reversible magneto-ionic change of magnetization of up to 15% is achieved in the resulting iron films with a thickness of about 30 nm. This large magneto-ionic effect is attributed to the enhanced roughness of the iron films obtained from the nanoplatelet structure. The robust, voltage-controlled, and non-volatile ON switching of magnetism starting from a stable oxide structure is promising for the development of energy-efficient magnetic switches, magnetic actuation and may offer new avenues in magnetoelectronic devices. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd

Incorporating Uncertainty Into the Ranking of SPARROW Model Nutrient Yields From Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin Watersheds1

Excessive loads of nutrients transported by tributary rivers have been linked to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Management efforts to reduce the hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico and improve the water quality of rivers and streams could benefit from targeting nutrient reductions toward watersheds with the highest nutrient yields delivered to sensitive downstream waters. One challenge is that most conventional watershed modeling approaches (e.g., mechanistic models) used in these management decisions do not consider uncertainties in the predictions of nutrient yields and their downstream delivery. The increasing use of parameter estimation procedures to statistically estimate model coefficients, however, allows uncertainties in these predictions to be reliably estimated. Here, we use a robust bootstrapping procedure applied to the results of a previous application of the hybrid statistical/mechanistic watershed model SPARROW (Spatially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes) to develop a statistically reliable method for identifying “high priority” areas for management, based on a probabilistic ranking of delivered nutrient yields from watersheds throughout a basin. The method is designed to be used by managers to prioritize watersheds where additional stream monitoring and evaluations of nutrient-reduction strategies could be undertaken. Our ranking procedure incorporates information on the confidence intervals of model predictions and the corresponding watershed rankings of the delivered nutrient yields. From this quantified uncertainty, we estimate the probability that individual watersheds are among a collection of watersheds that have the highest delivered nutrient yields. We illustrate the application of the procedure to 818 eight-digit Hydrologic Unit Code watersheds in the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River basin by identifying 150 watersheds having the highest delivered nutrient yields to the Gulf of Mexico. Highest delivered yields were from watersheds in the Central Mississippi, Ohio, and Lower Mississippi River basins. With 90% confidence, only a few watersheds can be reliably placed into the highest 150 category; however, many more watersheds can be removed from consideration as not belonging to the highest 150 category. Results from this ranking procedure provide robust information on watershed nutrient yields that can benefit management efforts to reduce nutrient loadings to downstream coastal waters, such as the Gulf of Mexico, or to local receiving streams and reservoirs