Exercise and the Risk of Breast Cancer Bibliography

Bibliography on exercise and the risk of breast cancerBibliography on exercise and the risk of breast cancer. Includes review articles and references on human epidemiologic studies, influence of occupational and recreational activity, animal studies, mechanisms of action, influence of exercise on breast cancer survival, and effects on the menstrual cycle.United States Department of Agriculture CSREE

Breastfeeding and Breast Cancer Risk Bibliography

Bibliography on breastfeeding and the risk of breast cancerBibliography on breastfeeding and the risk of breast cancer. Includes review articles, human studies, studies on breast cancer incidence in breast-fed babies, other resource materials, and articles on the chemical contamination of breast milk.United States Department of Agriculture CSREES, and the New York State Department of Healt

Dietary Fat and the Risk of Breast Cancer Bibliography

Bibliography on dietary fat and the risk of breast cancerBibliography on dietary fat and the risk of breast cancer. Includes review articles, human studies, animals studies, studies using tissues and blood samples, effects of dietary fat on breast cancer survival, and studies on the underlying mechanisms of dietary fat's influence on breast cancer risk.United States Department of Agriculture CSREES and the New York State Department of Healt

Alcohol and the Risk of Breast Cancer Bibliography

Bibliography on the breast cancer risk of alcoholBibliography on the breast cancer risk of alcohol. Includes review articles, evidence of breast cancer risk in human studies, interactions with other breast cancer risk factors, how alcohol may affect breast cancer risk (mechanisms), and editorials on alcohol and the risk of breast cancer.New York State Department of Healt

Europa skończona?

The notion of ‘Europe’ is commonly associated with the European Union. This tendency reflects the importance of the EU on the international political arena. However, despite being such a power, the European Union is not always able to tackle all difficulties it faces, including the so-called ‘four deficiencies’: economic, political management, sense of security and ideology. The main question this paper has attempted to answer was the way the word ‘finite’ should be understood: as ‘without future’ or rather ‘perfect’

Interactions Between Land Use and Local Lithology on Phosphorus Distribution in Northrup Creek Sediments, Monroe County, New York

Phosphorus, a key nutrient in many aquatic systems that limits the growth of algae, plays a key role in the occurrence of eutrophication and toxic algal blooms. Past research has shown that land use and lithology are major contributors of phosphorus in a creek. High levels of organic phosphorus occur in agricultural areas of a watershed, and high levels of inorganic phosphorus occur in residential areas, especially near waste water treatment plants. The bedrock of an area also influences the chemical composition of stream sediment. Limestone bedrock results in high levels of calcium associated phosphorus. Northrup Creek, a mixed land use watershed in western Monroe County, New York, was examined to determine the main contributors of phosphorus in the creek. Fluvial sediment samples were collected from eleven sites in the Northrup Creek to determine if phosphorus levels in the creek were correlated to the type of land use occurring in specific sections of the watershed. Phosphorus fractionation was performed to analyze the phosphorus distributions at each site, focusing on organic phosphorus, iron-manganese, aluminum, and calcium associated inorganic phosphorus. Land use land cover data was used to determine the land area percentages and hectares of agricultural and residential land in each stream segment. The phosphorus concentrations and percentages from the total phosphorus level were correlated to land use data using a Kendall Tau correlation coefficient. Linear regressions were also run to test the statistical significance of the relationship between phosphorus concentration and land use. The results were not statistically significant and could not be used to support the hypothesis statement that agricultural areas of the catchment would have high levels of organic phosphorus and residential areas would have high levels of inorganic phosphorus

Intact soil core experiments reveal that temperature and depth influence microbial community function and impact the fate of nitrogenous fertilizer amendments

The application of nitrogenous fertilizer to agricultural soil has potentially large impacts on environmental quality, including large scale emission of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide and runoff of nitrates. Through their metabolic activities, including nitrification, denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), soil microbial communities play an active role in determining the fate of nitrogenous species, thus thorough knowledge of microbial community structure and function is important to understanding ecosystem scale N-fluxes. While much work has been done to understand the role of microbes in soil N-cycling, rarely are such communities studied in ecological context of depth and temperature combined and we hypothesize that diurnal temperature variation, large in surface soils and more narrow at depth, will result in a differential response to N-input. To investigate both the fate of exogenous N-inputs and microbial community and functional response, intact soil cores (0-10 cm and 10-30 cm depth) taken from an agricultural field site in Havana, IL were imbibed with 15N labelled NH4Cl and KNO3 to simulate fertilizer input. The unsaturated cores were then incubated under a summer diurnal temperature regime reflective of natural temperature profiles observed at specified depths (20-35°C shallow, 22-24°C deep). At nine time points over 21 days, replicate cores were deconstructively sampled for pH, NO3-, NH4+, and 15N isotopic analyses. Stable isotope pool dilution was used to calculate gross transformation rates and microbial community structure and function were assessed by T-RFLP and qPCR, respectively. Comparison of 16S rRNA based T-RFLP total community profiles revealed a distinct temporal succession across soil depths, with shifts in community structure corresponding to changes in soil NO3- and NH4+ concentration. While no significant difference in 16 rRNA based communities was evident between depths, a large temporal shift in nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ) based denitrifier community structure of was evident after 7 days, resulting in denitrifier communities that were significantly distinct. Additionally, qPCR analysis of relevant functional gene transcripts reveals differential trends in gene expression between depths. These results suggest that while diurnal temperature variation and depth may not significantly alter overall community structure, the functional response of community members to N-input is a function of temperature and these functional differences between soil communities has a direct impact on not only rates of transformation, but also for the timing and magnitude of N2O fluxes

Interactions Between Land Use and Local Lithology on Phosphorus Distribution in Northrup Creek Sediments, Monroe County, New York

Phosphorus, a key nutrient in many aquatic systems that limits the growth of algae, plays a key role in the occurrence of eutrophication and toxic algal blooms. Past research has shown that land use and lithology are major contributors of phosphorus in a creek. High levels of organic phosphorus occur in agricultural areas of a watershed, and high levels of inorganic phosphorus occur in residential areas, especially near waste water treatment plants. The bedrock of an area also influences the chemical composition of stream sediment. Limestone bedrock results in high levels of calcium associated phosphorus. Northrup Creek, a mixed land use watershed in western Monroe County, New York, was examined to determine the main contributors of phosphorus in the creek. Fluvial sediment samples were collected from eleven sites in the Northrup Creek to determine if phosphorus levels in the creek were correlated to the type of land use occurring in specific sections of the watershed. Phosphorus fractionation was performed to analyze the phosphorus distributions at each site, focusing on organic phosphorus, iron-manganese, aluminum, and calcium associated inorganic phosphorus. Land use land cover data was used to determine the land area percentages and hectares of agricultural and residential land in each stream segment. The phosphorus concentrations and percentages from the total phosphorus level were correlated to land use data using a Kendall Tau correlation coefficient. Linear regressions were also run to test the statistical significance of the relationship between phosphorus concentration and land use. The results were not statistically significant and could not be used to support the hypothesis statement that agricultural areas of the catchment would have high levels of organic phosphorus and residential areas would have high levels of inorganic phosphorus

The Diss as an Instrument of Fight between the Rappers – the Case of the Polish Rap

The pejorative connotation of the words “hip hop” and “rap” is the result of the origin of this culture and its expressive artistic character. Due to popular aspect that characterizes the language of hip-hop fans, it is necessary to notice, citing Jean-Pierre Goudaillier that identity form of the language is the result of “[...] a revolt, which is Social and have the significance of the immediate socio-economic environment experienced in everyday life and often unfavorable.” (Comment tu tchatches!, 2001: 8). The fact that rap is seen by some as: brutal, bold, shocking, rude, vulgar etc., is the result of its appearance and its specificity, Thomas Blondeau and Fred Hanak cite an interview with Diam’s (a rap singer) which questioned: “You are known, why are you vulgar? Why do you say fuck all the time, even when you win a prize?” Answers: “But, ladies and gentlemen, I rap, fuck! I’m not a variety singer.” (Combat rap II, 2008: 212) Vulgarity is a specific line for each country rap, valves, rivalry and respect for rules play an important role in hip-hop culture. Our communication will deal with the diss rap in the Polish language as well as its instruments.La connotation péjorative des mots « hip-hop » et « rap » est aussi bien le résultat de la provenance de cette culture et de ce moyen d’expression artistique que de leur caractère expressif. En raison de l’aspect populaire qui caractérise la langue des adeptes du hip-hop, on est amené à remarquer en citant Jean-Pierre Godailler que la forme identitaire de la langue est le résultat « […] d’une révolte, qui est surtout et avant tout sociale, compte tenu de la prégnance de l’environnement socio-économique immédiat vécu au quotidien et bien souvent défavorable. » (Comment tu tchatches !, 2001, p.8). Le fait que le rap est aperçu par certains comme : brutal, osé, choquant, grossier, vulgaire etc., est le résultat de son apparence et de sa spécificité, Thomas Blondeau et Fred Hanak citent une interview de Diam’s (une chanteuse de rap) qui interrogée : « Tu es connue, pourquoi es-tu vulgaire ? Pourquoi distu “putain” tout le temps, même lorsque tu gagnes un prix ? », répond : « Mais, messieurs, mesdames, je fais du rap, putain ! Je ne suis pas une chanteuse de variété. » (Combat Rap II, 2008, p.212). La vulgarité est un trait spécifique pour le rap de chaque pays, les vannes, les jurons et les gros mots jouent un rôle important dans la culture hip-hop. Notre communication portera sur la diversité des insultes dans le rap polonais ainsi que sur l’explication de leurs significations.Publication financée par la Faculté de Philologie de l’Université de Lodz