31 research outputs found
Model and simulation of power consumption and power saving potential of energy efficient cluster hardware
In the last years the power consumption of high performance computing clusters has become a growing problem because number and size of cluster installations raised and still is raising. The high power consumption of the clusters results from the main goal of these clusters: High performance. With a low utilization the cluster hardware consumes nearly as much energy as when it is fully utilized. In these low utilization phases the cluster hardware can theoretically turned off or switched to an lower power consuming mode. In this thesis a model is designed to estimate the power consumption of the hardware with and without energy saving mechanism. With the resulting software it is possible to estimate the cluster power consumption for different configurations of a parallel program. Further energy aware hardware can be simulated to determine an upper bound for energy savings without performance leakage. The results show that is a great energy saving potential for energy aware hardware even in high performance computing. This potential should motivate research in mechanism to control the energy aware hardware in high performance clusters
Equivariant Neural Simulators for Stochastic Spatiotemporal Dynamics
Neural networks are emerging as a tool for scalable data-driven simulation of
high-dimensional dynamical systems, especially in settings where numerical
methods are infeasible or computationally expensive. Notably, it has been shown
that incorporating domain symmetries in deterministic neural simulators can
substantially improve their accuracy, sample efficiency, and parameter
efficiency. However, to incorporate symmetries in probabilistic neural
simulators that can simulate stochastic phenomena, we need a model that
produces equivariant distributions over trajectories, rather than equivariant
function approximations. In this paper, we propose Equivariant Probabilistic
Neural Simulation (EPNS), a framework for autoregressive probabilistic modeling
of equivariant distributions over system evolutions. We use EPNS to design
models for a stochastic n-body system and stochastic cellular dynamics. Our
results show that EPNS considerably outperforms existing neural network-based
methods for probabilistic simulation. More specifically, we demonstrate that
incorporating equivariance in EPNS improves simulation quality, data
efficiency, rollout stability, and uncertainty quantification. We conclude that
EPNS is a promising method for efficient and effective data-driven
probabilistic simulation in a diverse range of domains.Comment: Accepted to NeurIPS 202
Fast Dynamic 1D Simulation of Divertor Plasmas with Neural PDE Surrogates
Managing divertor plasmas is crucial for operating reactor scale tokamak
devices due to heat and particle flux constraints on the divertor target.
Simulation is an important tool to understand and control these plasmas,
however, for real-time applications or exhaustive parameter scans only simple
approximations are currently fast enough. We address this lack of fast
simulators using neural PDE surrogates, data-driven neural network-based
surrogate models trained using solutions generated with a classical numerical
method. The surrogate approximates a time-stepping operator that evolves the
full spatial solution of a reference physics-based model over time. We use
DIV1D, a 1D dynamic model of the divertor plasma, as reference model to
generate data. DIV1D's domain covers a 1D heat flux tube from the X-point
(upstream) to the target. We simulate a realistic TCV divertor plasma with
dynamics induced by upstream density ramps and provide an exploratory outlook
towards fast transients. State-of-the-art neural PDE surrogates are evaluated
in a common framework and extended for properties of the DIV1D data. We
evaluate (1) the speed-accuracy trade-off; (2) recreating non-linear behavior;
(3) data efficiency; and (4) parameter inter- and extrapolation. Once trained,
neural PDE surrogates can faithfully approximate DIV1D's divertor plasma
dynamics at sub real-time computation speeds: In the proposed configuration,
2ms of plasma dynamics can be computed in 0.63ms of wall-clock time,
several orders of magnitude faster than DIV1D.Comment: Published in Nuclear Fusio
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