Hippeastrum peruvianum (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from northern Peru, and notes on a naturalized species of crinum first described as Hippeastrum

A new species of Hippeastrum Herb. (Amaryllidaceae) from the department of Amazonas, Peru, is described and illustrated here. Hippeastrum peruvianum Meerow & Campos-Rocha features floral morphology unique among the other species of the genus occurring in the country. It has similarities with H. miniatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Herb. and H. reginae (L.) Herb. but is distinguished readily by its larger flowers, distinct coloration pattern, and trifid stigma. The new species is known only from the type collection by Paul C. Hutchison in 1958. It was determined as H. miniatum in error and has apparently been widely cultivated, especially in California, either under that name or erroneously considered a hybrid. We additionally observe that H. ugentii Ochoa, described from Peru and later transferred to Crinum L., is the naturalized South African species C. moorei Hook. f.2727580sem informaçãoqu ́ıse describe e ilustra una nueva espe-cie deHippeastrumHerb. (Amaryllidaceae), Departa-mento de Amazonas, Per ́u.Hippeastrum peruvianumMeerow & Campos-Rocha presentan una morfolog ́ıafloral ́unica entre las otras especies del g ́enero quese encuentran en el pa ́ıs. Tiene similitudes conH. miniatum(Ruiz & Pav.) Herb. yH. reginae(L.)Herb., pero se distingue f ́acilmente por sus floresm ́as grandes, patr ́on de coloraci ́on distinto y estigmatrilobulado. La nueva especie es conocida solo por eltipo colecci ́on por Paul C. Hutchison en 1958. Fuedeterminado comoH. miniatumpor error, y ap-arentemente ha sido ampliamente cultivado, espe-cialmente en California, ya sea bajo ese nombreoerr ́oneamente considerado un h ́ıbrido. Tambi ́enobservamos queH. ugentiiOchoa, descrita desde Per ́uy luego transferida aCrinumL., es la especie naturalizadade Sud ́africaC. mooreiHook. f.sem informaçã

The Never-ending Story: Multigene Approaches to the Phylogeny of Amaryllidaceae

a whole, strongly supported the mostly African tribe Amaryllideae as sister to the rest of the family, and resolved geographically-based monophyletic groups, but failed to resolve the relationships among several basal lineages in the family (the African Haemantheae and Cyrtantheae, the Australasian Calostemmateae, and the American and Eurasian sister clades). We present analysis of plastid ndhF sequences that fully resolved the major clades of the family. The baccate-fruited Haemantheae and Calostemmateae are sister tribes, and the African endemic Cyrtantheae is sister to them both. This clade is sister to an American/Eurasian clade. We also present preliminary nuclear ribosomal ITS sequence analysis of the Eurasian clade. Lycorideae are basal in the group and begin a grade that continues with Hannonia, then Pancratium, then Lapiedra. The genera Galanthus, Narcissus, and Sternhergia are resolved as monophyletic with strong support. Leucojum is paraphyletic and recognition of Acis for the mostly autumn-flowering Mediterranean species is supported. Recent phylogenetic analyses of various tribes and genera of the family are reviewed. Above the family level, Agapanthaceae, Alliaceae, and Amaryllidaceae form a well-supported monophyletic group, but exact resolution of the relationships among the three subclades varies depending on the sequence matrix utilized. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II has advocated combining all three into a single family, Alliaceae. We discuss this decision, which has historical precedent, but recommend that Amaryllidaceae be conserved as the name for the family in such a treatment

Classification and phylogeny of Amaryllidaceae, the modern synthesis and the road ahead: a review

The classification and phylogenetic history of the Amaryllidaceae is reviewed since the dawn of molecular systematics in the 1990’s. The family is now recognized as comprising three subfamilies: Agapanthoideae, Allioideae, and Amaryllidoideae, of which the latter is the largest. The family likely had a Gondwanaland origin in what is now Africa. Agapanthoideae is monotypic, endemic to South Africa, and the first branch in the family tree of life; Allioidieae is sister to Amaryllidoideae. Four tribes are recognized in Allioideae: Allieae (monotypic, with nearly 1000 species of Allium across the Northern Hemisphere), Gilliesieae (5–7 genera in southern South America), Leucocoryneae (six genera mostly in southern South America), and Tulbaghieae (monotypic, with ca. 30 species endemic to South Africa). Amaryllidoideae is cosmopolitan, but mostly pantropical, consisting of 13 tribes. Centers of diversity occur in South Africa, South America and the Mediterranean region. The American clade is sister to the Eurasian clade (tribes Galantheae, Lycorideae, Narcisseae and Pancratieae) of the subfamily. The American Amaryllidoideae resolves as two monophyletic groups, 1) the hippeastroid clade (tribes Griffineae and Hippeastreae) and 2) the Andean tetraploid clade (tribes Clinantheae, Eucharideae, Eustephieae, and Hymenocallideae). Molecular analyses are reviewed for each main clade of the family, along with the resultant taxonomic changes. Directions for future studies are briefly discussed

The Contested Nature of Urban Resilience: Meaning and Models for Green Infrastructure and Climate Change Adaptation Planning

What is urban resilience and how can we make cities resilient in the face of environmental and socioeconomic threats in a way that is sustainable and just? Despite the rapid growth of publications and policy initiatives on urban resilience, there is no consensus on the concept’s definition or operationalization. Few empirical studies critically examine the politics and tradeoffs inherent to the application of resilience in different sectors and cities. This dissertation contributes to both research and practice by addressing these gaps through six mixed-method studies of the concept of urban resilience and its empirical application in the context of urban green infrastructure planning and climate change adaptation. The first section helps to clarify the meaning of urban resilience by outlining a broad definition and framework for operationalizing urban resilience that addresses conceptual tensions identified through a bibliometric review of the academic literature. Building on this framework, in the second section of the dissertation I develop a Green Infrastructure Spatial Planning (GISP) model to help decision-makers identify tradeoffs, synergies, and priority areas where green infrastructure can be strategically placed to maximize resilience benefits. I apply this model to four diverse cities: Detroit, New York City, Los Angeles (United States), and Manila (Philippines). The third section focuses on urban climate resilience. I compare resilience definitions and characteristics from the academic literature and a survey of local government officials and find evidence of a science-policy divide. I then use those theorized characteristics to evaluate urban climate resilience in Manila as part of an in-depth case study of the complex global and local factors that shape urban infrastructure planning in a rapidly growing coastal megacity.PHDNatural Resources & EnvironmentUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138739/1/sameerow_1.pd

Bad Infinity (or) Some Examples of Displacement

The following thesis is comprised of an edited interview between Andrew Meerow and an undisclosed questioner in which the two discuss Meerow’s visual thesis, a body of paintings titled “Some Examples of Displacement.” The interview addresses the production of art and value as Meerow\u27s primary subject, a reflexive position that absorbs qualitative interpretation in either direction. In keeping with the intentions of the artwork, the interview is re-organized, censored, and collaged such that the discussion itself is addressed not as a procedure of truth, but as a performative gesture toward that pursuit

Resurrection and New Species of the Neotropical Genus Adelonema(Araceae: Philodendron Clade)

Previous studies have shown Homalomena as traditionally defined to be polyphyletic, with Neotropical species phylogenetically distinct from Asian species. This study of 29 accessions of 10 Neotropical taxa, and a total of 135 accessions representing 92 taxa of Homalomena, Furtadoa, and Philodendron for nuclear ITS and plastid matK regions, supports resurrection of the genus Adelonema for Neotropical species currently assigned to Homalomena. Adelonema is here delimited as a Neotropical genus of 16 species divided into two new sections: sect. Adelonema and sect. Curmeria, based on morphologically supported molecular results. The genus Adelonema is distinguished by a hypogeal rhizome, crushed vegetative tissues smelling of anise, an extensively sheathing, sometimes prickly petiole, chartaceous often variegated leaf blades, a spadix either obliquely inserted on the spathe/peduncle (sect. Adelonema), or stipitate (sect. Curmeria), ovaries with 2–4-pluriovulate locules, and anatropous ovules on an axile placenta. Four new species are described: Adelonema orientalis, A. palidinervia, A. panamensis, and A. yanamonoensis. Eleven new combinations are made: Adelo

Resurrection and New Species of the Neotropical Genus Adelonema(Araceae: Philodendron Clade)

Previous studies have shown Homalomena as traditionally defined to be polyphyletic, with Neotropical species phylogenetically distinct from Asian species. This study of 29 accessions of 10 Neotropical taxa, and a total of 135 accessions representing 92 taxa of Homalomena, Furtadoa, and Philodendron for nuclear ITS and plastid matK regions, supports resurrection of the genus Adelonema for Neotropical species currently assigned to Homalomena. Adelonema is here delimited as a Neotropical genus of 16 species divided into two new sections: sect. Adelonema and sect. Curmeria, based on morphologically supported molecular results. The genus Adelonema is distinguished by a hypogeal rhizome, crushed vegetative tissues smelling of anise, an extensively sheathing, sometimes prickly petiole, chartaceous often variegated leaf blades, a spadix either obliquely inserted on the spathe/peduncle (sect. Adelonema), or stipitate (sect. Curmeria), ovaries with 2–4-pluriovulate locules, and anatropous ovules on an axile placenta. Four new species are described: Adelonema orientalis, A. palidinervia, A. panamensis, and A. yanamonoensis. Eleven new combinations are made: Adelo

Amaryllidaceae endémicas del Perú

La familia Amaryllidaceae es una de las más interesantes por la presencia de varias especies con adaptaciones a ambientes xéricos. En el Perú es reconocida con 24 géneros y 138 especies (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), todas herbáceas. En este trabajo reconocemos 54 endemismos en 15 géneros, entre los que se encuentra el «amancaes» (Ismene amancaes). Esta familia incluye a un género endémico, Rauhia. Los taxones endémicos ocupan varias regiones ecológicas, incluyendo Bosque Húmedo Montano, Bosque Húmedo Premontano y Mesoandina, entre los 100 y 4700 m de altitud. Algo más de la mitad de las especies en esta familia es conocida solamente de una localidad, generalmente ubicada en ambientes no boscosos, los que en general requieren de mayor estudio botánico. Tan solo cuatro especies endémicas están representadas en áreas naturales protegidas.The Amaryllidaceae are one of the most interesting families because of adaptations of many species to xeric environments. Twenty-four genera and 138 species, all of them herbaceous are known from Peru (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004). Here we report 54 endemic taxa in 15 genera, including «amancaes» (Ismene amancaes). This family includes one genus endemic to Peru, Rauhia. Endemic taxa are found in several ecological regions, including both Humid Montane and Premontane Forests, between 100 and 4700 m elevation. More than half of the species are known from a single locality, these are generally in poorly-explored non-forested environments. Just four Amaryllidaceae species endemic to Peru have been recorded within the country’s protected area networ