Does the Prisoner's Dilemma Refute the Coase Theorem?

Two of the most important ideas in the philosophy of law are the “Coase Theorem” and the “Prisoner’s Dilemma.” In this paper, the authors explore the relation between these two influential models through a creative thought-experiment. Specifically, the paper presents a pure Coasean version of the Prisoner’s Dilemma, one in which property rights are well-defined and transactions costs are zero (i.e. the prisoners are allowed to openly communicate and bargain with each other), in order to test the truth value of the Coase Theorem. In addition, the paper explores what effect (a) uncertainty, (b) exponential discounting, (c) and elasticity have on the behavior of the prisoners in the Coasean version of the dilemma. Lastly, the paper considers the role of the prosecutor (and third-parties generally) in the Prisoner’s Dilemma and closes with some parting thoughts about the complexity of the dilemma. The authors then conclude by identifying the conditions under which the Prisoner’s Dilemma refutes the Coase Theorem

On the Collective Mode Spectrum for Composite Fermions at 1/3 Filling Factor

The collective mode spectrum of the composite fermion state 1/3 filling factor is evaluated. At zero momentum, the result coincides with the cyclotron energy at the external magnetic field value, and not at the effective magnetic field, in spite of the fact that only the former enters in the equations, thus, the Kohn theorem is satisfied. Unexpectedly, in place of a magneto roton minimum, the collective mode gets a treshold indicating the instability of the mean field composite fermion state under the formation of crystalline structures. However, the question about if if this outcome only appears within the mean field approximation should be further considered.Comment: 17 pages, one figure. Submitted to Int. Jour. Mod. Phys.

The influence of colors in work and trade settings: Complementary colors, mood states and retail environment

This thesis seeks to discuss the influence of color in work and trade settings, to assess the implications of their applicability in both organizational behavior and retail environment. This investigation was sprung with a preliminary literature review about the influence of space and color in organizational behavior. Subsequently, our major research queries were outlined and three focal studies following a within-subject design about color thus ensued. We first sought to understand the emotional processes behind the choice of complementary colors. Bearing in mind that the literature about complementary colors and emotions is scarce, we analyzed the association between complementary colors and mood states (Chapter I). Through an experimental study, 39 participants were instructed to choose colored cards at four different moments through time, after the induction of an emotional state. Four emotion conditions were evoked by means of autobiographical recall (i.e., happiness, sadness, balanced mood, unbalanced mood). Findings showed that complementary colors were preferred in the unbalanced mood scenario, suggesting that the color choice might rely on partially conscious mechanisms aiming at regaining a balanced state. Secondly, we investigated the interrelation between anthropomorphic packaging and color choices (Chapter II). A total of 259 participants were exposed to non-anthropomorphic and anthropomorphic packaging, considering a product from the real market (Milaneza pasta). Four different color conditions were rated in terms of attractiveness and purchase intention. Our findings suggested that anthropomorphism influenced product’s attractiveness but did not affect purchase intention. Importantly, the green anthropomorphic package produced an almost complementary color contrast between the pasta and the package (vivid green vs. orange-red), leading to a higher color contrast perception that positively affected the product’s attractiveness. In the third study, 436 participants assessed two retail scenarios – orange store and blue store – and two products – chocolate and soap (Chapter III). The products varied in color (red, orange, blue and beige), and were assessed in both stand-alone and embedded in the store situations, through image manipulation. Our results showed that there was a triple interaction resulting from retail environment color × product color × product category. Accordingly, we reinforce the idea that color should not be considered individually, but always in the context where it is inserted. With these three studies, we aim to contribute to the knowledge about the influence of color in human behavior. Crucially, we validate our prediction concerning the presumed effect of complementary colors, both emotionally and in retail settings. Here, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.Nesta tese pretendemos discutir a influência da cor no comportamento organizacional e em contexto de marketing, assim como a aplicabilidade deste conhecimento. A investigação teve início com uma revisão de literatura acerca da influência do espaço e da cor no comportamento organizacional. De seguida, o nosso trabalho começou a delinear-se com maior definição, e foram desenvolvidos três estudos sobre cor, com design intra-sujeitos. Em primeiro lugar, tivemos como objetivo o entendimento sobre os processos emocionais que desencadeiam a escolha de cores complementares. Tendo em conta que a literatura sobre cores complementares e emoções é escassa, analisámos a associação entre cores complementares e estados emocionais (Capítulo I). Através de um estudo experimental intra-sujeitos, 39 participantes escolheram cartões coloridos em quatro momentos diferentes, depois da indução de um estado emocional. Foram induzidas quatro condições emocionais (i.e., felicidade, tristeza, equilíbrio emocional, desequilíbrio emocional) através da redação de um episódio autobiográfico. Os resultados revelaram que os cartões que apresentavam as cores complementares foram preferidos quando o desequilíbrio emocional foi evocado, sugerindo que a escolha de cores pode estar baseada em mecanismos psicológicos parcialmente conscientes, procurando de forma inconsciente recuperar um estado emocional mais equilibrado. Em segundo lugar, investigámos a inter-relação entre embalagens antropomórficas e escolhas de cores (Capítulo II). Um total de 259 participantes escolheram entre embalagens antropomórficas e não antropomórficas, considerando um produto existente no mercado (massa Milaneza). Foram avaliadas quatro cores diferentes em termos de atratividade do produto e intenção de compra. Os resultados mostraram que o antropomorfismo beneficia a atratividade do produto, mas não afeta a intenção de compra. Adicionalmente, a embalagem antropomórfica de cor verde produziu um contraste entre cores quase complementares entre si (verde vívido vs. laranja avermelhado), considerando a massa e a embalagem. Este maior contraste entre cores terá produzido uma perceção que afetou positivamente a atratividade do produto. No último estudo, 436 participantes compararam imagens de dois ambientes de loja – loja laranja e loja azul – e dois produtos – chocolate e sabão (Capítulo III). Os produtos analisados divergiam apenas na cor (vermelho, laranja, azul e bege) e foram avaliados de duas formas: (i) individualmente; e (ii) adicionados ao ambiente de loja através de manipulação digital da imagem. Os resultados demonstraram que houve uma tripla interação resultante do ambiente de loja × produto × categoria de produto. Validámos a ideia de que a cor não deve ser considerada individualmente, mas sempre no contexto onde está inserida. Com estes estudos, pretendemos contribuir para o conhecimento sobre a influência da cor no comportamento humano. O presumido efeito produzido pelas cores complementares, decorrente de fatores emocionais e de perceção, foi validado através da nossa investigação. Por último, implicações teóricas e práticas acerca destes resultados são discutidas

IFN-γ versus IL-17: A Battle During Cardiac Autoimmunity Evolution

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading global cause of death. Cardiomyopathies are the most prevalent forms of heart failure diseases currently. They may have genetic or environmental etiology, and the development of an autoimmune process is essential for the progression of the disease. During an autoimmune response, there is the breakdown of self-tolerance and generation of a T-lymphocytes-mediated cellular autoimmune response and B-lymphocytes-mediated humoral autoimmune response. Lymphocytes perpetuate the autoimmune response throughout the release of cytokines, expansion of autoreactive clones, and attenuation of regulatory mechanisms. Increasing evidences indicate that interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17 participate during autoimmune disorders development. The use of autoimmune cardiomyopathy models revealed antagonistic functions for both cytokines during the evolution of autoimmune cardiomyopathy: while enhanced IFN-γ levels are associated to a lower disease severity, the levels of IL-17 are inversely correlated to a favorable prognosis. More precisely, recent findings indicate that the IFN-γ/IL-17 ratio in combination with other cytokine levels dictates heart’s autoimmunity development and dilatation. In this chapter, we discuss the role played by the autoimmune response in the development of cardiomyopathy. We also discuss some immune mechanisms focused on IFN-γ and IL-17’s ability to induce and perpetuate cardiac autoimmunity

Allocation of Distributed Generation for Maximum Reduction of Energy Losses in Distribution Systems

The analysis of actual distribution systems with penetration of distributed generation requires powerful tools with capabilities that until very recently were not available in distribution software tools; for instance, probabilistic and time mode simulations. This chapter presents the application of parallel computing to the allocation of distributed generation for maximum reduction of energy losses in distribution system when the system is evaluated during a given period (e.g., the target is to minimize energy losses for periods equal or longer than 1 year). The simulations have been carried out using OpenDSS, a freely available software tool for distribution system studies, when it is driven as a COM DLL from MATLAB using a multicore installation. The chapter details a MATLAB–OpenDSS procedure for allocation of photovoltaic (PV) generation in distribution systems using a parallel Monte Carlo approach and assuming that loads are voltage‐dependent. The main goals are to check the viability of a Monte Carlo method in some studies for which parallel computing can be advantageously applied and propose a simple procedure for minimization of energy losses in distribution systems

Determinación de autoanticuerpos antitransglutaminasa IgG/IgA y anticuerpos anti Helicobacter pylori IgG/IgM en pacientes que han sido diagnosticados con el síndrome de colon irritable.

La infección por Helicobacter pylori es más frecuente en países en vías de desarrollo, presenta 60-90% de prevalencia y produce una sintomatología similar con la enfermedad celíaca y el síndrome de colon irritable, por lo que muchas veces no son incluidas en el diagnóstico presuntivo y los pacientes son diagnosticados con síndrome de colon irritable. La investigación tuvo como objeto de estudio, pacientes que habían sido diagnosticados con el síndrome de colon irritable, a quienes se les realizó mediante el método ELISA los análisis para detección de anticuerpos IgG e IgM en suero contra la bacteria Helicobacter pylori y autoanticuerpos IgA e IgG específicos contra transglutaminasa para el diagnóstico de enfermedad celíaca. Se realizó con el objetivo de establecer la identidad que ocasiona la sintomatología en los pacientes o si se puede relacionar al síndrome de colon irritable, el cual se diagnosticó por exclusión

A(e⃗,e′p⃗)(\vec{e},e'\vec{p})B responses: from bare nucleons to complex nuclei

We study the occurrence of factorization in polarized and unpolarized observables in coincidence quasi-elastic electron scattering. Starting with the relativistic distorted wave impulse approximation, we reformulate the effective momentum approximation and show that the latter leads to observables which factorize under some specific conditions. Within this framework, the role played by final state interactions and, in particular, by the spin-orbit term is explored. Connection with the nonrelativistic formalism is studied in depth. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the analytical derivations and to quantify the differences between factorized and unfactorized approaches.Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures. Improved and extended version. To be published in Phys. Rev.

Desarrollo constructivo del edificio de la Fundación Sancho El Sabio (Vitoria-Gasteiz)

Trabajo de fin de Grado. Grado en Arquitectura Técnica. Escuela Politécnica Superior de Zamora. Universidad de Salamanca. Curso académico 2015-201

Edad sexual y exclusión de la responsabilidad penal. Fundamentos del Derecho anglosajón

In recent years the protection of minors against sexual abuse and exploitation has been one of the main concerns in the Civil and Common Law legal systems. The response of the Criminal Legislators has been the raise of the age of sexual consent of minors. However, this measure causes constitutional problems that cannot be ignored. On the one hand, the conflict with the minor fundamental right of privacy (development of the sexuality). On the other hand, the proportionality of the criminal sanction provided for such crimes, as well as the effects of the registration in the Sex Offenders Registry. In Spain, the amendment introduced by the Organic Law 1/2015, of March 30, raised the age of sexual consent to 16 years. The Law created the new article 183 quater in the Criminal Code to allow the Court to exempt from criminal responsibility when the defendant and the victim are «close in age and development or maturity». In Common Law criminal systems that clause, called «escape clause» or «Romeo and Juliet clause» is one of the central pieces of the statutory rape. This article examines the origins, the elements and the rationale of the exclusion of criminal responsibility for «close in age and development» in the United States of America (federal and state law), the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland, Ireland and Canada. The article analyses the most important case-law regarding the constitutional problems arising from the new ages of consent.En los últimos años, la protección de menores frente comportamientos de abuso y explotación sexual ha sido una de las preocupaciones principales en los sistemas legales de Derecho continental y anglosajón. La respuesta de los Legisladores penales ha sido la elevación de la edad de consentimiento sexual de los menores de edad. Sin embargo, la medida provoca problemas interpretativos de índole constitucional que no pueden ser obviados. Por un lado, la posible afectación del derecho fundamental a la privacidad de los propios menores (desarrollo de su sexualidad). Por otro, la proporcionalidad de la sanción penal prevista para ese tipo de delitos, así como los efectos de la inscripción en los Registros de Delincuentes sexuales. En España, la modificación de la LO 1/2015, de 30 de marzo, elevó la edad de consentimiento sexual a los 16 años. La reforma también incluyó el nuevo art. 183 quáter, que permite al Tribunal eximir de responsabilidad penal cuando autor y víctima sean “próximos por edad y grado de desarrollo o madurez”. En los sistemas penales anglosajones esta cláusula, denominada “cláusula de escape” o “cláusula Romeo y Julieta”, es una de las piezas centrales del delito del statutory rape o delito de violación definido por estatuto. Este artículo examina los orígenes, configuración y el fundamento de la exclusión de la responsabilidad penal por “cercanía en edad o desarrollo” en los Estados Unidos de América (sistemas federal y estatal), Reino Unido e Irlanda del Norte, República de Irlanda y Canadá. El artículo analiza también la jurisprudencia más importante al respecto y los problemas constitucionales derivados de las nuevas las edades de consentimiento.In recent years the protection of minors against sexual abuse and exploitation has been one of the main concerns in the Civil and Common Law legal systems. The response of the Criminal Legislators has been the raise of the age of sexual consent of minors. However, this measure causes constitutional problems that cannot be ignored. On the one hand, the conflict with the minor fundamental right of privacy (development of the sexuality). On the other hand, the proportionality of the criminal sanction provided for such crimes, as well as the effects of the registration in the Sex Offenders Registry. In Spain, the amendment introduced by the Organic Law 1/2015, of March 30, raised the age of sexual consent to 16 years. The Law created the new article 183 quater in the Criminal Code to allow the Court to exempt from criminal responsibility when the defendant and the victim are «close in age and development or maturity». In Common Law criminal systems that clause, called «escape clause» or «Romeo and Juliet clause» is one of the central pieces of the statutory rape. This article examines the origins, the elements and the rationale of the exclusion of criminal responsibility for «close in age and development» in the United States of America (federal and state law), the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland, Ireland and Canada. The article analyses the most important case-law regarding the constitutional problems arising from the new ages of consent.

Arquitectura conceptual. Conexiones entre el giro analítico del arte reciente y la investigación proyectual

La arquitectura como arte o saber – tejné-, tiene sus orígenes en un complejo milenario que alude hoy a lo transdisciplinar. Desde allí se intenta profundizar en el proyecto, atendiendo a la especificidad de sus vínculos con el arte reciente.  Tales problemáticas surgen de la investigación de la Tesis Doctoral que la autora lleva adelante en el Doctorado de Arquitectura / FAUD/ UNC: “Investigación proyectual y vanguardia artística .Conexiones entre el giro analítico del arte reciente y la arquitectura como práctica cultural”.  En el presente artículo, se desarrollan algunos puntos de aquella discusión, atendiendo a la práctica proyectual y sus relaciones con el campo del arte, en su faz más crítica y autoconciente (cuyas genealogías se posan en la/s vanguardia/s, la filosofía analítica e incluso la ciencia). Esto supone instalar -al menos- un grado de sospecha sobre aquella producción proyectual autocomplaciente que no da lugar a la autocrítica.  Se propone entonces, reconocer y revisar algunos diálogos en el contexto del llamado giro analítico del arte que transcurre en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, y un modo de concebir el proyecto arquitectónico como práctica cultural. Un dispositivo que construye conocimiento para y desde la disciplina/saber: el proyecto como investigación