MODELING THE BIOECONOMICS IMPACTS OF CO-MANAGEMENT IN CHILEAN ARTISANAL FISHERIES

The failure of the centralized management system and the intense over-exploitation of benthonic resources along the Chilean coast motivated the design and implementation of an innovative co-management policy in 1999. Although its positive effects have already been recognized at biological and organizational level, doubts have been posed with regards to its economic sustainability. In this paper, we present a bio-economic evaluation at national level for one of the most important and valuable benthonic resources, the Loco ecosystem. A dynamic simulation model is developed in order to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of the traditional centralized management and the co-management system recently implemented in Chile. The results show that the amount of captures and effort devoted during the centralized management period were significantly underestimated due to the existence of illegal captures. On the other side, the results reveal that, after a fearful beginning, the values for revenues, capture and stock were larger than those that would have been obtained in case the former centralized system had persisted.natural resource modeling, marine policy, co-management policy, artisanal fisheries management, Territorial Use Right Fisheries, Industrial Organization, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

On the nature and function of organizers.

Organizers, which comprise groups of cells with the ability to instruct adjacent cells into specific states, represent a key principle in developmental biology. The concept was first introduced by Spemann and Mangold, who showed that there is a cellular population in the newt embryo that elicits the development of a secondary axis from adjacent cells. Similar experiments in chicken and rabbit embryos subsequently revealed groups of cells with similar instructive potential. In birds and mammals, organizer activity is often associated with a structure known as the node, which has thus been considered a functional homologue of Spemann's organizer. Here, we take an in-depth look at the structure and function of organizers across species and note that, whereas the amphibian organizer is a contingent collection of elements, each performing a specific function, the elements of organizers in other species are dispersed in time and space. This observation urges us to reconsider the universality and meaning of the organizer concept

The structural and functional determinants of the Axin and Dishevelled DIX domains.

BACKGROUND: The dishevelled and axin genes encode multi-domain proteins that play key roles in WNT signalling. Dishevelled prevents beta-catenin degradation by interfering with the interaction of beta-catenin with the degradation-mediating Axin-APC-GSK3beta complex. This interference leads to an accumulation of cytoplasmic beta-catenin, which enters the nucleus and interacts with transcription factors that induce expression of Wnt-target genes. Axin, as a component of the degradation-mediating complex, is a potent negative regulator of Wnt signalling, whereas Dishevelled is a potent activator. Both Dishevelled and Axin possess a DIX (Dishevelled/Axin) domain, which mediates protein-protein interactions, specifically homodimerization. RESULTS: An evolutionary trace analysis of DIX domains identified conserved residues which, when mapped onto the crystal structure of the Axin DIX domain and a comparative model of the Dishevelled DIX domain, allow their categorization as residues of either structural or functional importance. We identify residues that are structural and functional determinants of the DIX domain fold, as well as those that are specific to homodimerization of Axin and Dishevelled. CONCLUSION: This report provides the first explanation of the mutant phenotypes caused by non-synonymous substitutions in the Dishevelled and Axin DIX domain by correlating their presumed functional significance with molecular structure.RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are

Análisis y Planificación Financiera : Importancia de una eficiente administración de las cuentas por pagar de la empresa Hotel Dreams House,análisis de liquidez para el periodo 2013-2014

La importancia de este trabajo investigativo demuestra que la liquidez de una empresa depende de muchos factores para poder solventar sus deudas a corto y largo plazo; sin embargo, se debe tener en cuenta que una eficiente administración de las cuentas por pagar es esencial para poder tener un grado de liquidez eficaz. Una manera de analizar el control interno de las cuentas por pagar es a través de la aplicación de las razones financieras en sus estados financieros. La metodología empleada en la elaboración del siguiente trabajo fue la información que el Hotel Dreams House proporciona al cierre de los periodos 2013 – 2014 y utilizando como herramienta principal el uso del internet. Los resultados de tener una buena administración de las cuentas por pagar permiten a la empresa contar con una apropiada liquidez para poder solventar sus deudas y tomar las mejores decisiones financieras en sus proyectos de inversión y financiamiento; tomando en consideración procedimiento de control interno que la empresa debe de aplicar en las operaciones diarias del hotel. Al concluir el trabajo investigativo se determina que el Hotel Dreams House maneja de manera eficiente sus cuentas por pagar gracias a la aplicación de políticas, sistemas y procedimientos de control interno; de la misma manera, mediante la aplicación de las razones financieras queda demostrado que el Hotel está en plena capacidad de asumir sus responsabilidades a corto plazo

Patterned Cell Adhesion Associated with Tissue Deformations during Dorsal Closure in Drosophila

Cell shape changes within epithelia require the regulation of adhesive molecules that maintain tissue integrity. How remodelling of cell contacts is achieved while tissue integrity is maintained remains a fundamental question in morphogenesis. Dorsal Closure is a good system to study the dynamics of DE-Cadherin during morphogenesis. It relies on concerted cell shape changes of two epithelial sheets: amnioserosa cell contraction and epidermal cell elongation. To investigate the modulation of DE-Cadherin we performed antibody uptake experiments in live embryos during Dorsal Closure. We found that some antibodies access certain epitopes of the extracellular domain of native DE-Cadherin only in the amnioserosa and epidermal cells attached to the amnioserosa, which has never been observed in fixed DE-Cadherin in Drosophila embryos. These differences correlate with the different cell behaviour of these regions and therefore we suggest that DE-Cadherin exists in different forms that confer different adhesive strengths. We propose this to be a widespread mechanism for the differential modulation of adhesion during morphogenesis

Pluripotent stem cell models of early mammalian development.

Pluripotent stem cells derived from the early mammalian embryo offer a convenient model system for studying cell fate decisions in embryogenesis. The last 10 years have seen a boom in the popularity of two-dimensional micropatterns and three-dimensional stem cell culture systems as a way to recreate the architecture and interactions of particular cell populations during development. These methods enable the controlled exploration of cellular organization and patterning during development, using cell lines instead of embryos. They have established a new class of in vitro model system for pre-implantation and peri-implantation embryogenesis, ranging from models of the blastocyst stage, through gastrulation and toward early organogenesis. This review aims to set these systems in context and to highlight the strengths and suitability of each approach in modelling early mammalian development.This work was supported by the European Research Council (Advanced Grant to A.M.A., number 834580) and the Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2018-356). N.M. holds the Constance Work Junior Research Fellowship at Newnham College, Cambridge

Microsatellite markers in Spanish lime (Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq., Sapindaceae), a neglected Neotropical fruit crop

Spanish lime (Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq.) is aNeotropical fruit tree cultivated, mainly, in orchards for self-consumption or local sale. The genus Melicoccus includes other nine species with edible fruits, some of these species are at risk of extinction. Like for the vast majority of tropical fruit trees, there is no information on the genetic diversity of Spanish lime and its related species, and this is mostly due to the lack of molecular markers. The objectives of this study were to present the first microsatellite markers developed for Spanish lime, testing its usefulness on a sample of cultivated accessions, as well as its transferability to Huaya India (M. oliviformis). To do this, we performed high-throughput sequencing of microsatellite-enriched libraries of Spanish lime using Roche 454, assembled 9567 DNA contig sequences and identified 10,117 microsatellites. After screening 384 of those microsatellites on four DNA samples, 31 polymorphic markers were used to screen 25 accessions of Spanish lime and five of Huaya India collected in Yucatan, Mexico. Genetic diversity was low in Spanish lime (A = 20.61, HE = 0.38) and similar for both sexes of this species. Neighbor-Joining and PCoA analyses clearly discriminated between the two Melicoccus species studied. Nine of the markers showed unique alleles for Huaya India. The set of microsatellite markers developed has a great potential to generate information in relation to conservation genetics, improvement of elite cultivars and breeding programs for Spanish lime and related species

ETA : a critical look at the evolution of Spain's #1 terrorist threat : an honors thesis (HONRS 499)

As a result of events that occurred hundreds of years ago, affecting a people that have long prided themselves in being culturally impenetrable, nationalism has morphed into a seemingly unstoppable guerrilla-style force that has terrorized mainland Spain for over fifty years ETA (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna).Honors CollegeThesis (B.?