Design and construction of an automatic coefficient of friction measuring device

The need for knowledge of coefficient of friction of agricultural materials on various surfaces has long been recognized by engineers concerned with rational design of grain bins, silos and other storage structures.  In the design of agricultural machinery, however, the need for this information has been recognized rather recently.  Not finding this information in any handbook or published data, it became necessary to set up a friction test apparatus and obtain the information needed.  We know that the internal friction angle metering devices in our laboratories have the low accuracy, thus we decided to design an automatic internal friction angle metering device with high accuracy which the tangent of this angle is equal to the coefficient of friction that be measured and displayed.  This device is made up of one frame, three hinges, one electromotor with gearbox, one DC Adaptor, one wooden plate that can be changed, acceleration measuring sensor, laser transmitter and LDR for detection of movement, electrical circuit, Microcontroller and monitor for display of the angle and other devices for moving of the wooden plate and carrying of the materials

Trends in the Internet of Things (IoT) and Influence on the Industries’ Progress

This research aims to investigate the critical role of the Internet of Things in the future of industries’ progress. For this purpose, a survey of 250 top managers across 13 industries has conducted. The objective was to find their view of point about what short and mega trends, in which sector will have the most considerable influence in the five years as well as 30 years ahead. Moreover, various technologies are also identified that will have the most importance in the future according to the majority of the respondents, such as Internet of things, Automation and Artificial Intelligence, and, on the other hand, the segments that capital expenditure is currently being directed towards, such as Energy Efficiency and Personalisation of Services.This research aims to investigate the critical role of the Internet of Things in the future of industries’ progress. For this purpose, a survey of 250 top managers across 13 industries has conducted. The objective was to find their view of point about what short and mega trends, in which sector will have the most considerable influence in the five years as well as 30 years ahead. Moreover, various technologies are also identified that will have the most importance in the future according to the majority of the respondents, such as Internet of things, Automation and Artificial Intelligence, and, on the other hand, the segments that capital expenditure is currently being directed towards, such as Energy Efficiency and Personalisation of Services

Biological treatment of palm oil effluent (POME) using an up-flow anaerobic sludge fixed film (UASFF) bioreactor [TD899.P4 L869 2006 f rb].

Reaktor enapcemar anaerob aliran-naik saput tetap (UASFF) adalah satu bioreaktor cipta baru dan digunakan untuk biopenjelmaan cepat bahan organik kepada metana dengan bantuan daripada agregat mikrob berbutir. Satu bioreaktor UASFF berskala makmal dengan satu tangki pengenapan luar telah berjaya direkabentuk dan beroperasi untuk rawatan kumbahan kilang kelapa sawit (POME). Up-flow anaerobic sludge fixed film (UASFF) bioreactor is a modern bioreactor and was used for the rapid biotransformation of organic matter to methane with the help of granulated microbial aggregates. A lab scale UASFF bioreactor (3.65 lit) with an external settling tank was successfully designed and operated for palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment

Physical properties and effect of loading orientation on the mechanical properties of black chickpea

This research was conducted on black chickpea seed.  Physical and mechanical properties of black chickpea are needed for equipment which is used in activities such as transportation, storage, grading, packaging milling, etc.  Properties which were measured including dimensions, thousand grain weight, projected area, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and surface area.  Experiments were carried out at moisture content of 8.15% (w.b.). Results showed that average value of length, width and thickness were 7.996, 5.248 and 5.004 mm, accordingly.  The mean projected area perpendicular to length, width, and thickness obtained 25.283, 28.803 and 30.456 mm2, respectively. Sphericity was 74.529%.  Also, some mechanical properties of black chickpea in quasi static loading have been determined such as elasticity modulus, rupture force and energy were used to rupture. Keywords: black chickpea, physical properties, mechanical properties

Effect of LHRHA2 and carp pituitary extract hormone on some spermatozoa fertility and quality indices in Barbus sharpeyi

Effects of LHRHA2 hormone in 2.5, 5 and 10µg/kg doses and anti-dopamine metoclopramide on Barbus sharpeyi spermiation, spermatozoa quality and fertility indices, chemical (Na+ , K+ and Ca+2) and biochemical component (Alkaline phosphates, Glucose and Triglyceride) of seminal plasma and its osmotic pressure were assessed in comparison to Carp pituitary extract treatment. Results indicated that the highest incubation survival, hatching rate, sperm volume, duration of sperm motility as well as the lowest larval deformity were achieved by injection of LHRHA2 (10µg/kg +2.5mg/kg metoclopramide) and it was significantly different to others groups. Application of above mentioned treatment had the highest osmotic pressure with about (Mean ±SD) 324±7.31mOsmol kg-1 among other groups. Also, the highest level of Na+ was assessed by injection of LHRHA2 (10µg/kg +2.5mg/kg metoclopramide). Result showed that injection of Carp pituitary extract caused the highest spermatocrit, K+ value and larval deformity in comparison to other treatments. In conclusion, optimum sperm quality can be produced by injection of LHRHA2 (10µg/kg + 2.5mg/kg metoclopramide) in males of B. sharpeyi at 8 hour following hormonal stimulation. Also, above mentioned treatment caused increasing of incubation survival and decrease of larval deformity in B. sharpeyi

Determination of physical and mechanical properties of Zucchini (summer squash)

Abstract: Several physical and mechanical properties of Zucchini from Kermanshah province of Iran were determined.  The physical and mechanical properties of the zucchini are necessary for the design of automatic equipment for harvesting, processing, transporting, sorting and separating of samples.  At the average moisture content of 94.65% w.b., average of mass, volume, dimensions (big, medium and small diameters), geometric mean diameter, projected area (big, medium and small area), criteria areas, arithmetic means diameter, sphericity, density and surface area were 80.81 g, 85 cm3, 111.7 mm, 34.58 mm, 33.87 mm, 51.74 mm, 3892.52 mm2, 3792.07 mm2, 1126.44 mm2, 2937.02 mm2, 60.05 mm, 45.49%, 0.96 g/cm3 and 8268.20 mm2, respectively, and ratio of weight of rind per weight of fruit was 0.25.  Mechanical properties that measured including elasticity modulus, maximum force which fruit can be supported, work which performed to this force under compression loading, deformation at maximum force and penetration force, their averages were found 0.73 GPa, 167 N, 762.82 N.mm, 8.81 mm and 1.26 N, respectively. Keywords: Zucchini, physical and mechanical properties, compression loading, penetration force

Life as a 3rd Grade Poet

This unit is especially designed to make poetry reading and writing fun and exciting for any third grader! The unit begins by immersing your students in the four forms of poetry (lyrical, narrative, humorous, and free verse), which will awaken the inner poet in each of your students! Students will engage in a variety of learning experiences to play with language in their own writing. They will develop a clear understanding of the use of imagery, sensory details, and repetition in poetry, all while engaging in the writing process. At the end of this 3-week unit, your students will each contribute an authentic piece of poetry to be performed in front of community members and published in a class anthology. To make this unit even more engaging, we encourage you to reach out to local poets in your community to schedule an author’s visit that coincides with this poetry unit

Assessment of heavy metals concentration in groundwater and their associated health risks near an industrial area

Background: Heavy metals (HMs) contamination from industrial wastewater is a major environmental problem that has been increasing in the past few years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of HMs contamination in Bu-Ali industrial town, Hamedan, western Iran. Methods: The concentration of 9 serious HMs (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, and zinc) in groundwater samples was studied during spring 2017. In order to evaluate water quality for aquaculture and drinking purposes, heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), and contamination (Cd) indicator were calculated. Health risk of HMs was also calculated to assess the risk of cancer. Results: The results showed that the mean concentration of the HMs according to the Cd index was as follows: Pb > Ni > Cr > Fe > Cd > As > Cu > Zn > Mn. The mean HEI and HPI values were 89.1 and 815.5, respectively. The results also showed that there was no relationship between the HMs concentration and cancer risk. Conclusion: The concentration of the studied HMs in most samples was higher than the permissible limit for drinking water. The HEI and HPI values in high-risk samples were higher than the permissible limit of drinking water, therefore, there is high risk and limitation for aquatic life, but there is no risk of cancer. Keywords: Groundwater, Drinking water, Heavy metals, Citie

Determination of cadmium, nickel, lead and vanadium concentrations in white Indian prawn sold in Shiraz town

زمینه و هدف: با گسترش آلاینده ها در محیط زیست و وابستگی انسان به محیط برای تأمین مواد غذایی و سایر نیازها، بررسی در مورد انواع آلودگی به خصوص آب ها و سایر آبزیان حائز اهمیت می باشد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی و تعیین میزان غلظت فلزات سنگین کادمیوم (Cd)، نیکل (Ni)، سرب (Pb) و وانادیوم (V) در عضلات و پوست میگوی سفید هندی (Fenneropenaeus indicus) خوراکی در شهرستان شیراز بوده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مقطعی در پاییز سال 1390 با مراجعه به بازار عمده عرضه آبزیان تعداد 120 نمونه میگو به صورت تصادفی از سطح شهر شیراز تهیه شد. آماده سازی و آنالیز نمونه ها مطابق با دستورالعمل های توصیه شده صورت پذیرفته و میزان فلزات سنگین با دستگاه نشر اتمی (ICP) مدل Varian V10-ES تعیین و با مقادیر توصیه شده استاندارهای جهانی WHO و FAO مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. یافته ها: میانگین غلظت عناصر کادمیوم، نیکل، سرب و وانادیوم در نمونه های مورد مطالعه در بافت عضله به ترتیب برابر با 45/0±08/1، 25/1±62/8، 1/2±63/1 و 93/0±61/0 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم و در پوست 38/0±28/1، 53/1±61/7، 6/4±15/7 و 45/0±4/1 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم وزن بدن اندازه گیری گردید. میزان فلزات سنگین کادمیوم، سرب و وانادیوم در پوست میگو و میزان نیکل در عضله میگو در مقایسه با یکدیگر بیشتر بود (05/0

Multi-hop Device-to-Device Routing Protocols for Software-Defined Wireless Networks

University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology.Multi-hop device-to-device (MD2D) communications are an integral part of future wireless networks. Multi-hop communications enable mobile devices in close proximity to communicate directly or through multi-hop connections instead of traversing through a network infrastructure. This provides numerous benefits for cellular networks, such as low-cost communications, enhanced cellular coverage and capacity, reduced total power consumption in devices, and improved spectral efficiency. Consequently, service providers can leverage the advantages of both D2D and cellular networks to enhance the quality of their services. However, tight coupling of control and data functions in cellular equipment and the utilization of proprietary interfaces and protocols in existing cellular infrastructure make integration difficult and rigid. Hence, there is a need for open and reprogrammable frameworks to make the network more flexible and scalable. Software-defined networking (SDN) is a promising technology for future wireless networks that provides an open and reprogrammable framework wherein the control functions are taken from network devices and are logically centralized in a control entity. The open framework of SDN provides an opportunity for service providers to manage networks more intelligently and develop services in a more agile manner. This thesis introduces an SDN-based framework for cellular networks, referred to as virtual ad hoc routing protocol framework (VARP), capable of developing different types of multi-hop routing protocols. In the proposed framework, an SDN controller determines the mode of communication for mobile devices (i.e., cellular or multi-hop modes). Two different multi-hop routing protocols are designed for the proposed framework: source-based virtual ad hoc routing protocol (VARP-S) and SDN-based multi-hop D2D routing protocol (SMDRP). In both protocols, a source of data packet sends a route request to the controller and receives the forwarding information from the controller in response. This thesis then presents a multi-protocol framework capable of developing multiple routing protocols under a single framework. In the proposed framework, an SDN controller logically divides a cell into multiple clusters based on its knowledge of the entire cell. The controller determines which multi-hop routing protocol can provide the best performance for each cluster. The simulation results show that the proposed multi-protocol framework provides better performance than traditional single-protocol architectures. Finally, the thesis presents a novel software-defined adaptive routing algorithm for multi-hop multi-frequency communications in wireless multi-hop mesh networks. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm improves the end-to-end throughput of multi-hop connections by considering the surrounding WiFi traffic and adaptive selection of frequencies and routes