Living while fat: Development and validation of the Fat Microaggressions Scale

Fat microaggressions are micro-level social practices in the form of commonplace everyday indignities that insult fat people and have been documented anecdotally and qualitatively. However, no psychometrically validated scale exists for measuring fat microaggressions, despite decades of microaggression research demonstrating their negative health associations. This research describes the development and construct validation of the Fat Microaggressions Scale (FMS) across four studies. Study 1 focused on item development, through a systematic review, qualitative analysis of Tweets using #fatmicroaggressions, and a Delphi review. Study 2 (N = 343) determined that a four-factor structure was appropriate in an online community sample of fat adults. Study 3 (N = 410) confirmed the factor structure in a new online sample of fat adults and provided initial evidence of construct validity. Study 4 (N = 197) found evidence of test-retest reliability and demonstrated additional construct validity. Our findings offer a newly validated quantitative measure of fat microaggressions and an initial framework for naming and categorizing these experiences, which may be used to advance the study of fat microaggressions

Regionale Betroffenheit in informellen Beteiligungsverfahren bei Infrastrukturprojekten

Bei Infrastrukturprojekten in den Politikfeldern Verkehr und Energie machen Verwaltung und Vorhabenträger auf der Grundlage von § 25 Abs. 3 VwVfG zunehmend von dem Instrument informeller und frühzeitiger Beteiligung Gebrauch, um Konflikte zu minimieren und Planungen zu optimieren. In vielen dieser Partizipationsverfahren haben auch regional betroffene Akteure die Möglichkeit der Interessenartikulation. Insbesondere in Verteilungsfragen, zum Beispiel bei einer Trassierung von Schienenwegen oder Stromleitungen, könnten jedoch kollektiv suboptimale Politikergebnisse produziert werden. Auf der Grundlage einer Tiefenanalyse informeller Beteiligung im Rahmen des Ausbaus der Schienenverkehrshinterlandanbindung in Norddeutschland adressiert die Studie den Forschungsbedarf zur Frage, ob und wie räumliche Betroffenheit ihren Ausdruck im Kontext informeller Beteiligungsverfahren findet. Im Gegensatz zur Behandlung in parlamentarisch-repräsentativen Institutionen ist unklar, wie divergierende Interessen in diesen Arenen verarbeitet werden. Mithilfe statistischer Analysen untersucht der Beitrag die beschriebene Distanzhypothese in Anwendung auf die Entscheidungsfindung in informellen Verfahren. Alternativ testet er die parteipolitische Zugehörigkeit kommunaler Akteure als Faktor für Abstimmungsverhalten. Prozessanalysen unterstützen die fallbezogene Untersuchung. Im Ergebnis wird regionale Betroffenheit anders wirksam als erwartet. Die Zustimmung der Beteiligten zu einer Realisierungsvariante mit vergleichsweise hohen objektiven Betroffenheiten erklärt sich insbesondere über die Organisationsfähigkeit einzelner lokaler Gruppen. Bei einer großen Gruppe schwach Betroffener kann die Kollektivgutproblematik eine politische Umsetzung von NIMBY-Motiven verhindern.Public administration and project proponents increasingly make use of the instrument of early and informal participation (§ 25 paragraph 3, German administrative procedures law (VwVfG)) in the sectors of transport and energy in order to minimise conflict and to optimise planning. These participation procedures also empower various regionally concerned actors to articulate their positions. However, in particular in distributive matters, for instance the alignment of railway or power supply lines, suboptimal policy outcomes may result. Based on an in-depth analysis of informal participation processes in the context of the development of backcountry railroads in Northern Germany the present study addresses the research requirement of the question if and how regional concern manifests itself during informal participation. Contrary to decision-making in representative parliamentary institutions it remains unclear how divergent interests are accommodated in these arenas. By means of statistical analyses, the paper examines the aforementioned distance hypothesis in application to informal procedures. Additionally, the study tests partisan affiliation of local actors as a factor of voting behaviour. Process analyses complement the case-based design. As a result, regional concern comes about differently than expected. The organisational capacity of individual local groups can explain the approval of the concerned for a railroad variant with comparatively high levels of objective concern, and vice versa, the large group of diffusedly concerned lacked the capacity to jointly produce collective goods

Measurement And Calculation Of A Self-Equalized Tilting-Pad Thrust Bearing Under Static Misalignment

LectureTilting-pad thrust bearings which include a self-equalizing feature, ensure reliable and safe operation especially under conditions on which misalignment between bearing and collar occurs. One common method to incorporate such a self-equalizing feature to a thrust tilting-pad bearing is the usage of leveling links. Radii and spherical contacts ensure a free rolling surface between the links, thrust pads and bearing housing. However, the verification whether a design works properly can be relatively challenging. For example, the friction forces between all the radii contacts always lead to different residual misalignments between the pads. This leads to a periodic rotational distribution of the hydrodynamic pressure and thus to different temperatures of each pad. This paper shows detailed measurements of a self-equalizing thrust tilting-pad bearing using leveling links. The test campaign includes a wide range of bearing to collar misalignment and operating conditions. The measurements show, that such a mechanical equalizing-mechanism may sufficiently balance very large deflections, despite the fact, that the residual pad misalignment of each pad due to friction lead to a relative high temperature difference between the pads. Furthermore, the paper presents a methodology of calculating the bearing behavior of self-equalizing thrust bearings to generate a better understanding and assessment of the proper function of such a bearing design. It presents the development of a mechanical model, which can iteratively solve a FEA software and a thermo-elastic-hydrodynamic (TEHD) software for fluid-film bearings

College Students’ Responses to Antismoking Messages: Denial, Defiance, and Other Boomerang Effects

Despite the success of antismoking campaigns that aim to prevent young teens from smoking, this qualitative study provides strong evidence that different initiatives are needed for college students, particularly those who already smoke. When asked for responses to current antismoking messages, nonsmokers generally championed the cause; however, smokers often responded with anger, defiance, denial, and other negative responses. Consumers who respond in this manner are not well served by existing strategies, and money used for such campaigns could be better spent. New strategies are offered in hopes that antismoking campaigns can communicate more effectively with one high-risk group—college student smokers

Misguided Optimism Among College Student Smokers: Leveraging Their Quit-Smoking Strategies for Smoking Cessation Campaigns

College student smokers are a unique group who typically plan to quit smoking by the time they graduate, but few succeed and those who do require multiple attempts. This study examines the strategies of college student participants who successfully quit smoking. They tell a story of trial and error in achieving their goal—one that is more likely to end in another failed attempt than a successful effort unless they learn from past mistakes. Their stories not only show misplaced optimism for quitting but also ineffective smoking-cessation efforts

Discursive positioning and planned change in organizations

This study uses discursive positioning theory to explore how planned change messages influence organizational members’ identity and the way they experienced organizational change. Based on an in-depth case study of a home healthcare and hospice organization that engaged in a multiyear planned change process, our analysis suggests that workers experienced salient change messages as constituting unfavorable identities, which were associated with the experiences of violation, recitation, habituation, or reservation. Our study also explores the way discursive and material contexts enabled and constrained the governing board’s change messages as they responded to external and internal audiences. We highlight the importance of viewing messaging as a process of information transfer as well as discursive construction, which has important implications for the way change agents approach issues of sense making, emotionality, resistance, and materiality during planned change processes.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Handwerk in der Industriealisierung: eine kleinstaedtische Schreinerei zwischen Anpassung und Verdraengung

Marburg Univ., Diss. 1993. Original title: Wirtschafts-und Sozialstrukturen eines kleinstaedtischen Handwerksbetriebs im Rahmen des regionalen IndustrialisierungsprozessesAvailable from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel B 282664 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman