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Comment se fait-il que nos sociétés occidentales reconnaissent au chant, au dessin, à la danse, etc., mais aussi à certaines habiletés sportives le prestige de l’art, alors que la lecture n’a rang que de simple compétence ? Comment se fait-il que tout le monde accepte que les premières activités demandent un perfectionnement de longue haleine, alors que la dernière est censée s’apprendre, sans effort supplémentaire, durant les heures de classe 

The projection of Cambodia, today: an inquiry into representation, fantasmatics and politics via tourism

A thesis submitted to the University of Bedfordshire in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of PhilosophyToday, Cambodia has gained entrée into the world via international tourism. The ingression of tourism has also been accompanied by the prowess over the projection of aspects of culture and heritage. The purpose of this emergent, soft-science inquiry into the projection and representation of Cambodia is to sift through aspects of the culture gene bank (after Horne) of the nation to corroborate testimonies associated with the industrially/institutionally-scripted representation via international tourism. The inquiry henceforth gyrates around the projective ―discourse‖ (after Foucault) of peoples, cultures and places. The study is philosophically inspired by ―perspectivism‖ of Nietzsche and ―pluralism‖ of Berlin and Connolly and methodologically actuated by constructivism of Lincoln and Guba. The study of the discursive representation is approached vis-à-vis bricoleurship and cultural/critical pedagogies of Kincheloe and multi-sitedness of Marcus. The study identifies prevailing ramifications of the Angkorean discursivity or Angkorcentrism from constitutionality to ―banality‖ (after Baudrillard) and from public to private agents. The Angkorcentricity is nestled in the mainstream politics of projection of the nation by the state, as attested in the landscaping of public places/spaces, where the state attains its primacy in the projective authority. On the one hand, the finding anent Angkorcentric representation of the nation is generally congruent with that by Winter. On the other, the study accentuates the symbolic/projective prowess of the state in harnessing the selection, production and projection of places and spaces. Another feature which sets this emergent inquiry apart from the others about Cambodia is that it delved into the performative aspects of cultures and identities, particularly in the portrayal and characterisation of ethnicities. Otherisation has been deployed (un)consciously in the performance industry and in the official projection of peoples and places. The nucleus of this inquiry is to fathom the scripting of the dominance, subjugation and silencing in representation of facets of culture gene banks of Cambodia. The dominant aspects of cultures were manifest in the cultural dressing of places and hypostatised in the form of monumental statues, pastiches of sculptures and performances. Facets of the marginalised peoples/cultures were materialised in the projection of otherness via dances, stereotypic utterance and so forth. The museumisation of places testified the discourse of ―phantasmatic Indochina‖ (in Norindr‘s word) in the framing and the normalisation of Cambodia. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge in tourism studies both conceptually and methodologically. The conceptual contributions are associated with culture gene bank, performativity and normalisation. The methodological contributions are linked with the emergent study and (critical) cultural pedagogy. This emergent, soft-science study of the projective discourse of Cambodia culminated in the Foucauldian normalisation, the Bhabhan fantasmatics and the Edensorian performativity of aspects of the Hornean culture gene bank via tourism. Further studies may crescendo along these aspects (i.e. normalisation, framing, fantasmatic, performativity and so forth) to advance particularistic understanding in the respective areas

Structure and dynamics of supercooled SPC/E water confined in silica nanopores and equilibrium glassy films: a two-system study, The

2019 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.Supercooled liquids and glasses is still an area of active research. Despite the wide use of glass in society today, the underlying physics of this phase of matter still contains mysteries. This thesis will examine two different systems of supercooled liquids via molecular simulation and investigate the two systems' structure and dynamics. We first study the temperature dependence of the structure and dynamics of supercooled water confined in hydrophilic silica nanopores. In particular, we focus on the self-intermediate scattering functions. We simulate this system using the SPC/E model of water. These water molecules are confined in model MCM-41 nanopores with radii of 20, 30, and 40 Å. The structure of the water within the pores is first examined and it is found that water molecules form layers near the wall of the pores. However, in the center of the pores, the density is relatively uniform. Using this fact, the pore is divided into two regions: the core and the shell regions. The dynamics of the water molecules that start in each region are then compared. We measure the mean squared displacements and the self-intermediate scattering functions for these two regions. These measurements allows for connection with quasi-elastic neutron scattering experiments. The dependence of the self-intermediate scattering function on direction and magnitude of the wavevector is examined, as well as the function's dependence on proximity to the pore surface. In addition, the rotational-translational decoupling is measured, and it is found that the decoupling is weakly temperature dependent. The second system studied is an equilibrium glassy film deposited onto a substrate in a manner akin to vapor deposition. Glasses created in this manner can have higher kinetic stabilities and different thermodynamic properties than glasses prepared by liquid cooling. This is due to the enhanced mobility of particles at the surface of the film, which allows the particles to find lower potential energy states.Supercooled liquids and glasses is still an area of active research. Despite the wide use of glass in society today, the underlying physics of this phase of matter still contains mysteries. This thesis will examine two different systems of supercooled liquids via molecular simulation and investigate the two systems' structure and dynamics. We first study the temperature dependence of the structure and dynamics of supercooled water confined in hydrophilic silica nanopores. In particular, we focus on the self-intermediate scattering functions. We simulate this system using the SPC/E model of water. These water molecules are confined in model MCM-41 nanopores with radii of 20, 30, and 40 Å. The structure of the water within the pores is first examined and it is found that water molecules form layers near the wall of the pores. However, in the center of the pores, the density is relatively uniform. Using this fact, the pore is divided into two regions: the core and the shell regions. The dynamics of the water molecules that start in each region are then compared. We measure the mean squared displacements and the self-intermediate scattering functions for these two regions. These measurements allows for connection with quasi-elastic neutron scattering experiments. The dependence of the self-intermediate scattering function on direction and magnitude of the wavevector is examined, as well as the function's dependence on proximity to the pore surface. In addition, the rotational-translational decoupling is measured, and it is found that the decoupling is weakly temperature dependent. The second system studied is an equilibrium glassy film deposited onto a substrate in a manner akin to vapor deposition. Glasses created in this manner can have higher kinetic stabilities and different thermodynamic properties than glasses prepared by liquid cooling. This is due to the enhanced mobility of particles at the surface of the film, which allows the particles to find lower potential energy states.We study the temperature dependence of the average and single particle dynamics for particles that start at the surface of the film and for those particles that start in the bulk of the film. First, we examine the average dynamics by calculating the self-intermediate scattering functions and their relaxation times for particles that start in the surface or the bulk region. Then, we calculate the probability of the logarithm of single particle displacements for particles starting in the surface and bulk regions. We find that, in both regions, the distribution of single particle displacements indicate subpopulations of fast and slow particles. This is indicative of heterogeneous dynamics. We also find that the single particle dynamics of particles on the surface mirror particles in the bulk. However, the mirrored dynamics occur several orders of magnitude faster for particles on the surface than for those in the bulk

Allelic variation in HLA-B and HLA-C sequences and the evolution of the HLA-B alleles

Several new HLA-B (B8, B51, Bw62)- and HLA-C (Cw6, Cw7)-specific genes were isolated either as genomic cosmid or cDNA clones to study the diversity of HLA antigens. The allele specificities were identified by sequence analysis in comparison with published HLAB and -C sequences, by transfection experiments, and Southern and northern blot analysis using oligonucleotide probes. Comparison of the classical HLA-A, -B, and -C sequences reveals that allele-specific substitutions seem to be rare events. HLA-B51 codes only for one allelespecific residue: arginine at position 81 located on the cd helix, pointing toward the antigen binding site. HLA-B8 contains an acidic substitution in amino acid position 9 on the first central/3 sheet which might affect antigen binding capacity, perhaps in combination with the rare replacement at position 67 (F) on the Alpha-l helix. HLA-B8 shows greatest homology to HLA-Bw42, -Bw41, -B7, and -Bw60 antigens, all of which lack the conserved restriction sites Pst I at position 180 and Sac I at position 131. Both sites associated with amino acid replacements seem to be genetic markers of an evolutionary split of the HLA-B alleles, which is also observed in the leader sequences. HLA-Cw7 shows 98% sequence identity to the JY328 gene. In general, the HLA-C alleles display lower levels of variability in the highly polymorphic regions of the Alpha 1 and Alpha 2 domains, and have more distinct patterns of locusspecific residues in the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Thus we propose a more recent origin for the HLA-C locus

Culture Dynamics across the World Today: Tourism and the Palette of Imagination

In general,this manuscript critiques the contemporary dynamisms of the formation/deformation of the cultural sphere under the increased mobilisations of globalization.In particular,it inspects the symphysis [SYMPHYSIS] between 'tourism' and 'culture',where the latter stands as an immense portmanteau phenomenon embracing many different things (under the vicissitudes of globalisation/glocalisation) across the protean realms of race, gender,entertainment, consumerism, meaning-making, et cetera.Critiquing Jamal and Robinson's recent attempt at panoramic coverage of the geography of tourism/tourism studies), it argues that tourism is regularly implicated in cultural practices relating to power-exercises in/across society. Then, in synthesising Bauman’s vision of contemporary society as that moving from seemingly well-ordered stabilities to a geographic realm where change is the-only-permanence and uncertainty the-onlycertainty, the manuscript generates five lead propositions calling for 'plural knowability',viz.,for a deeper/richer palette-of-imagination on the teeming multiplicities and throbbing provisionalities of culture as it emerges/unfolds or otherwise gets recast under the destabilising 'nomadic logics' of our time. In viewing culture as a vehicle of both 'impermanence' and 'seduction nowadays, the paper notes how in so many places and spaces, individuals are less inclined to be engaged locally/regionally/nationally as culture —partly through the volatile iterability of travel/tourism — has become an ever-widening polylogue