'I can't wait til I'm an actual journalist' : how students begin to become journalists

University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences.This research investigates the ways in which students in an academic, practice-based journalism program acquire the traits and dispositions of journalists. It draws on the framework of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, including his concepts of field, habitus and capital. It applies a thematic analysis to student blogs, developed out of the pedagogical tools of reflective journals. I argue that teaching journalism needs to go beyond matters of ‘technical rationality’ to encompass processes that enable students to perform a role and negotiate their way to becoming journalists. The research explores the experience of a first year student group as they come to terms with what they understand journalism to be while taking their first steps in accomplishing practice-based journalism assignments. The thematic analysis of the ‘blogs’ shows that students undertake an emotional journey in their learning. They experience a range of feelings, from fear to elation. I argue that the notion of emotional capital can be usefully be added to the concepts of cultural and social capital in understanding and researching the development of journalistic habitus through education. While it may be possible to gain education at a distance, arguably experience can only be gained firsthand through practice-based education. I argue that the reflective journals can give an educator a glimpse into the students’ world beyond what can usually be achieved in a group seminar or tutorial and enables links to be made between the practices of journalism, journalism education and researcher

Daily partition of urinary nitrogen and nitrogen balance during treatment of protein-depleted infants

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Peperite: a review of magma-sediment mingling

The study of peperite is important for understanding magma-water interaction and explosive hydrovolcanic hazards. This paper reviews the processes and products of peperite genesis. Peperite is common in arc-related and other volcano-sedimentary sequences, where it can be voluminous and dispersed widely from the parent intrusions. It also occurs in phreatomagmatic vent-filling deposits and along contacts between sediment and intrusions, lavas and hot volcaniclastic deposits in many environments. Peperite can often be described on the basis of juvenile clast morphology as blocky or fluidal, but other shapes occur and mixtures of different clast shapes are also found. Magma is dominantly fragmented by quenching, hydromagmatic explosions, magma-sediment density contrasts, and mechanical stress as a consequence of inflation or movement of magma or lava. Magma fragmentation by fluid-fluid shearing and surface tension effects is probably also important in fluidal peperite. Fluidisation of host sediment, hydromagmatic explosions, forceful intrusion of magma and sediment liquefaction and shear liquification are probably the most important mechanisms by which juvenile clasts and host sediment are mingled and dispersed. Factors which could influence fragmentation and mingling processes include magma, host sediment and peperite rheologies, magma injection velocity, volatile content of magma, total volumes of magma and sediment involved, total volume of pore-water heated, presence or absence of shock waves, confining pressure and the nature of local and regional stress fields. Sediment rheology may be affected by dewatering, compaction, cementation, vesiculation, fracturing, fragmentation, fluidisation, liquefaction, shear liquification and melting during magma intrusion and peperite formation. The presence of peperite intraclasts within peperite and single juvenile clasts with both sub-planar and fluidal margins imply that peperite formation can be a multi-stage process that varies both spatially and temporally. Mingling of juvenile clast populations, formed under different thermal and mechanical conditions, complicates the interpretation of magma fragmentation and mingling mechanisms

Kwashiorkor and Intellectual Development

Forty Cape Coloured children who had been hospitalized for kwashiorkor in infancy were compared with their siblings on an intelligence test battery at the 10th year of follow-up. No significant differences in intelligence test performance were noted. A significant discrepancy between the intelligence test score and the drawing score in late-onset cases may be due to affective factors. The groups were similar in terms of height, weight and head circumference. The differences between well nourished and poorly nourished groups found by previous investigators may be accounted for by the independent operation of non-nutritive variables in the social and emotional environment. The use of intrafamilial controls in the present study minimized these influences, as well as possible genetic factors in intellectual development.S. Afr. Med. J., 45, 1413 (1971

Fetus in fetu and Teratoma

A case is reported in which a fetus in fetu and a malignant teratoma were present within the same intraabdominal mass in a 6-month-old male infant. It is the first record of such an occurrence, and attention is drawn to the possible significance of this case, in view of the now rejected concept that a teratoma is the result of an abnormal process of twinning.S. Afr. Med. J., 48, 2119 (1974

Kwashiorkor: A Prospective Ten-Year Follow-up Study

The physical status of 123 cases of kwashiorkor, followed up longitudinally for 10 years, was analysed. Their status was compared with that of 97 control siblings who had never suffered from kwashiorkor, but who had grown up under the same environmental conditions as the expatients. It was found that 10 years after the episode of kwashiorkor about half of the children had reached international growth standards in weight and height, thus demonstrating the capacity for complete physical recovery. No significant anthropometric or biochemical differences were found between ex-patients and control siblings at the 10-year follow-up examination. This is adequate proof that the episode of kwashiorkor per se cannot be held responsible for the growth retardation that occurred in some of the children. The children who were most severely retarded in weight and height on admission tended to remain the most severely retarded in growth after 10 years. The children who were the oldest on admission were more retarded in weight after 10 years than the children who were admitted at a younger age. Although these facts may imply that the severity and possibly the duration of the malnutrition episode adversely affected subsequent physical growth, a high current incidence of hypoalbuminaemia was found in both ex-patients and control siblings, indicating continuing malnutrition, the effects of which cannot be separated from possible deleterious effects of thil original malnutrition episode. Linear growth also correlated significantly with midparental height and a complex of adverse social circumstances.Failure to attain international growth standards in some of the children was therefore apparently due to a combination of factors and at present it is impossible to distinguish any single one of these as being more important than the others. Since about half of the children did reach adequate growth standards despite their poor living conditions, it is clearly worth while to treat every case of malnutrition. At the same time public health supervision and preventative social measures should be greatly increased to protect the child population throughout the growing period. S. Afr. Med. J., 45, 1427 (1971

Spatial Gaps in Global Biodiversity Information and the Role of Citizen Science

Due to a range of constraints, the availability of biodiversity-related information varies considerably over space, time, taxa and types of data, thus causing gaps in knowledge. Despite growing awareness of this issue among scientists, it is still poorly known how, and whether, scientific efforts have contributed towards overcoming these information gaps. Focusing on spatial gaps in global biodiversity data, we show that accumulation rates of non-bird species occurrence records stored in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility have not improved, and have even potentially declined, over the past three decades in data-poor, often biodiversity-rich, regions. Meanwhile, one citizen science project, eBird, has been making a considerable contribution to the collection and sharing of bird records, even in data-poorest countries and is accelerating the accumulation of bird records globally. We discuss the potentials and limitations of citizen science projects for tackling gaps in biodiversity information, particularly from the perspective of biodiversity conservation.T.A. was supported by the European Commission’s Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship Programme (PIIF-GA-2011-303221) and the Isaac Newton Trust and W.J.S. by the Arcadia Fund. Thanks to Timothy Beardsley, René van der Wal and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier draft and M. Amano for all the support.This is the author accepted manuscript. It is currently under an indefinite embargo pending publication by Oxford University Press