The Effect Of Organizational Culture On Employee Commitment: A Mediating Role Of Human Resource Development In Korean Firms

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of organizational culture defined as communication, trust, and innovative production on employees’ organizational commitment. Furthermore, we explored the possibility the role of HRD (Human Resource Development) activities in mediating the aforementioned relationship. Using the national employer survey data conducted by Korean government in 2011, the results find that organizational culture, in particular, defined as better communication among superiors and subordinates, trust, and appreciation of innovation from superiors, is positively related to organizational commitment. In addition, firm’s investment in HRD or employee participation in HRD would play a mediating role in influencing the relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment. Therefore, organizational culture is a critical factor to increase workers’ motivation through the participation in HRD training program, thereby increasing worker’s commitment. The results provide theoretical and practical implications in HRD and its link to organizational culture in organizations.

Zinc absorption in two-year old Poplar seedlings (Populus deltoids) in the environment

Background and Aims: Phytoremediation is the use of green plants to reduce contaminant levels such as heavy metals in the environment. Some plants can uptake and store (accumulate) environmental contaminants within their tissue and organs. Due to their sustainability in the environment, heavy metals are of particular significance. This study was, therefore, conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of zinc by Populus deltoids.Materials and Methods: Biennial seedlings of populous deltoids were provided from plantations with arrangements made well in advance with the directors of the Department of Natural Resources. Zinc chloride solutions (0, 10, 20 and 40 mg /L) were prepared, added into the soil and the seedlings were thereafter placed in pots. The seedlings were grown for three months exposing to various zinc concentrations. Seedlings aerial organs (stems and leaves) and roots as well as the soil were sampled and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple comparisons (P < 0.05) was performed to test the significance of treatment effects.Results: The highest level of Zn in aerial organs, root and the soil structure of Populous deltoids was 142.86, 85.94, 12.002 mg/kg, respectively. Similarly, the corresponding lowest level of Zn was 44.61, 21.20, and 0.124 mg/kg. The high-zinc (40 mg/L) treated plants showed the lowest levels of 4.14 and 1.03 g/L in aerial organs and root dry weights, respectively. The maximum values of 20.61 and 3.066 were also respectively determined at control experiments.Conclusions: The results suggest that Populous deltoids is an appropriate alternative for phytoremediation of zincpolluted soils

A situational analysis of human resources in Iranian hospitals affiliated with ministry of health in 2008.

زمینه و هدف: بیمارستان به عنوان یکی از سازمان های اصلی ارایه خدمات بهداشتی درمانی، یکی از عمده ترین عوامل رشد هزینه ها است. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی و شناخت وضعیت نیروی انسانی شاغل در بیمارستان های کشور انجام گرفت. هدف ما بدست آوردن اطلاعاتی بود که مبنای سیاستگذاری و تصمیم گیری و تخصیص منابع مبتنی بر شواهد قرار گیرند و آنها را تا حدودی به واقعیت نزدیک نمایند. روش بررسی: این پژوهش از نوع مطالعه تجزیه و تحلیل سیاستگذاری سلامت بود که در سال 1387 در 139بیمارستان کشور انجام شد. از نظر تعداد تخت، بیمارستان ها به 4 دسته تقسیم شدند (الف – بیمارستان های زیر 50 تخت، ب– بیمارستان های 51 تا 150 تخت، ج – بیمارستان های 151 تا 300 تخت، د – بیمارستان های بالای 300 تخت). برای جمع آوری داده ها از جداول جامع گردآوری اطلاعات بیمارستان که به صورت تحت وب، طراحی شده بود استفاده گردید. یافته ها: بیمارستان های مورد پژوهش دارای 23674 تخت فعال و 48238 نفر پرسنل بودند. سرانه نفر به تخت 04/2 بود که این نسبت در بیمارستان های آموزشی (09/2) بیشتر از بیمارستان های درمانی (9/1) بود و در مناطق محروم (17/2) اندکی بیشتر از مناطق برخوردار (02/2) بود. از نظر تحصیلات 4/48 فوق دیپلم و کمتر، 40 لیسانس و بقیه بالاتر از لیسانس بودند. گروه پرستاری و مامایی با 1/48 بیشترین گروه پرسنلی را تشکیل می داد. ولی تراکم کارکنان حوزه پشتیبانی از سایر بخش ها بالاتر بود (1/29). نسبت کادر درمانی به کل کارکنـــان در بیمارستـــان های آموزشی (1/71) بیشتر از بیمارستان های درمانی (4/70) و در بیمارستان های مناطق برخوردار (2/71) بیشتر از بیمارستان های مناطق محروم (7/68) بود. میانگین ضریب اشغال تخت کل بیمارستان ها 8/57 بود که کمترین میزان مربوط به بیمارستان های زیر 50 تخت (4/31) بود. نتیجه گیری: تراکم بالای پرسنل در واحد پشتیبانی بیمارستان ها مؤید تاثیر منفی این حجم نیرو بر تولید خدمت در این بیمارستان ها می باشد. با وجود افزایش نسبت کادر درمانی به کل کارکنان، نسبت گروه پزشکی با افزایش تخت های بیمارستانی کاهش می یابد که مطلوب نیست. بیمارستان های بزرگ از نظر اشغال تخت وضعیت بهتری دارند

Transfection of an expressive construct including IgG1 and Fv1 genes in ovary cell line for infliximab expression

Background: Infeliximab is a form of chimeric antibody which neutralizes the most important inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, in inflammatory disorders. The aim of current study was to pilot expression of chimeric infliximab in Chinese Hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Methods: In this research study, pVITRO2-neo-mcs vector that consist of infliximab light chain and heavy chain was used to transform into the E.coli by CaCl2 method. The plasmid was then purified and transfected to cultured CHO cells by Lipofectamine 2000® (Invitrogen GmbH, Germany). Transfected cells were selected upon G-418 treatment after 2 weeks and the level of expression, based on standard curve, was measured using IgG ELISA kit after 48 hours for each clone. High level expressed clone was then cultured in roller bottles and recombinant chimeric product was purified by protein A affinity chromatography. The purity of the product was analyzed by 10 gel SDS-PAGE from eluted samples. The efficacy of the purification was analyzed by ELISA before and after purification step. This article is a master's student thesis from February 2015 to August 2016 in pharmaceutical technology development center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Results: The purified plasmid was analyzed on 2 agarose gel. After selective pressure of G-418, 10 stable transfect clones were assessed for infliximab secretion by IgG ELISA kit at 450 nm. The maximum and minimum expression which detected by ELISA were 23 ng/ml and 6 ng/ml, respectively. The band width of infliximab fraction during purification procedure was observed at 0.7-0.8 min. The efficiency of the purification by ELISA was 70. On SDS-PAGE analysis, two bands, 25 and 50 kDa, respect to light and heavy chains of Infliximab, was confirmed the expression of recombinant protein. Conclusion: In the current study, the construct for infliximab monoclonal antibody production was designed using genetic engineering techniques and the expression was confirmed by conventional molecular biology methods. The high yield production was carried out in semi-industrial scale using roller bottles with a 70 percentage of purification efficiency. © 2016, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Addiction recovery: A systematized review

Objective: Despite the fact that a practical definition of addiction recovery is necessary to conduct an appropriate intervention and research, this concept is still vague and there is no consensus over its meaning and how to measure it. Thus, this study aimed to define and clarify this concept based on the available literature. Method: The theoretical part of SchwartzBarcott and Kim's Hybrid Model of concept analysis was used to analyze the concept of �Addiction Recovery.� To find the relevant literature, an electronic search on valid databases was conducted using keywords related to the concept of addiction recovery. Medlib, IranMedex, Magiran, SID, Irandoc, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, Pro Quest, CINAHL, Science Direct, Ovid, and Wiley databases were searched up to December 2018 without a time limitation using the following keywords: �Substance use disorders�, �Drug use�, �Recovery�, �Opioids�, �Addiction treatment�, �Dependency�, �Rehabilitation�, Remission�, �Concept analysis�, �Restore�, �Definition�, �Meaning�, and �Conceptualization�. The Conventional content analysis was used on selected research articles. Results: From a total of 9520 articles, 39 were reviewed and analyzed. Five attributes were selected, including the process of change, being holistic, being client-centric, learning healthy coping, and being multistage. Antecedents are organized into 2 interacting categories: personal and social resources. Personal resources refer to the person, his/her addiction, and the treatment characteristics, while social resources refer to the family, the community, and the context resources. Addiction recovery leads to sustained abstinence, improved physical and psychological health, improved quality of life and satisfaction, meaningful living, and citizenship. Conclusion: These findings may form a basis for the theories, scales, and criteria for the assessment of addiction recovery and will be useful in clinical practices and research. Also, these findings could help health care professionals to understand the concept of addiction recovery, which is important in improving the recovering person in all aspects of rehabilitation. We will report the implementation and analytical phase of this research project, namely, �the addiction recovery concept analysis� in Iran. © 2020 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Understanding excited state properties of host materials in OLEDs: simulation of absorption spectrum of amorphous 4,4-bis(carbazol-9-yl)-2,2-biphenyl (CBP)

4,4-Bis(carbazol-9-yl)-2,2-biphenyl (CBP) is widely used as a host material in phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). In the present study, we simulate the absorption spectra of CBP in gas and condensed phases, respectively, using the efficient time-dependent long-range corrected tight-binding density functional theory (TD-LC-DFTB). The accuracy of the condensed-phase absorption spectra computed using the structures obtained from classical molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) simulations is examined by comparison with the experimental absorption spectrum. It is found that the TD-LC-DFTB gas-phase spectrum is in good agreement with the GW-BSE spectrum, indicating TD-LC-DFTB is an accurate and robust method in calculating the excitation energies of CBP. For the condensed-phase spectrum, we find that the electrostatic embedding has a minor influence on the excitation energy. Computing accurate absorption spectra is a particular challenge since static and dynamic disorders have to be taken into account. The static disorder results from the molecular packing in the material, which leads to molecule deformations. Since these structural changes sensitively impact the excitation energies of the individual molecules, a proper representation of this static disorder indicates that a reasonable structural model of the material has been generated. The good agreement between computed and experimental absorption spectra is therefore an indicator for the structural model developed. Concerning dynamic disorder, we find that molecular changes occur on long timescales in the ns-regime, which requires the use of fast computation approaches to reach convergence. The structural models derived in this work are the basis for future studies of charge and exciton transfer in CBP and related materials, also concerning the degradation mechanisms of CBP-based PhOLEDs

Priprava mikrokuglica s antigenom leptospira od biološki razgradivih alginatnih polimera.

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. Although the currently available whole cell leptospiral vaccines can induce protection against Leptospirosis, further study for a new generation of vaccine that can stimulate long-term immunity is needed. Biodegradable microspheres as antigen delivery systems have been extensively investigated for decades, especially those based on hydrophilic polymers, such as alginate and chitosan, which have excellent biocompatibility, non-toxicity and biodegradability. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize alginate microspheres as an antigen delivery system for immunization against leptospirosis. Alginate microspheres containing Leptospiral antigen (LA) were prepared by an emulsification method and characterized for shape, size distribution, loading efficiency (LE), loading capacity (LC) and release profie. The effects of some parameters (such as concentration of alginate and emulsifiers and stirring rate) on microspheres characteristics were investigated. The optimal condition parameters for the preparation of LA loaded alginate microspheres were estimated. The optimum concentrations were obtained for alginate and emulsifiers, 3.5 % (w/v), span 80 (0.2 % w/v) and tween 80 (3.75 % w/v), respectively. Moreover, appropriate homogenizing rate was obtained at 500 rparticle size of the microspheres as 200 μm, loading efficiency 97 % and loading capacity 8 %. A suitable release profile was observed for in vitro release test of LA from alginate microspheres over an extended period of time (192 hours). These results make the alginate microspheres particularly interesting for an LA delivery system.pm. Our results showed the mean particle size of the microspheres as 200 μm, loading effiiency 97 % and loading capacity 8 %. A suitable release profile was observed for in vitro release test of LA from alginate microspheres over an extended period of time (192 hours). These results make the alginate microspheres particularly interesting for an LA delivery system.Leptospiroza je zoonoza prouzročena patogenim vrstama roda Leptospira, a proširena je diljem svijeta. Iako današnja cjepiva protiv leptospiroze, proizvedena od cijelih bakterijskih stanica, mogu pružiti zaštitu od leptospiroze, potrebna su daljnja istraživanja nove generacije cjepiva koja će moći potaknuti tvorbu dugotrajne imunosti. Biološki razgradive mikrokuglice istražuju se desecima godina kao mogućnost sporog otpuštanja antigena, a posebice su zanimljive one od hidrofilnih polimera kao što je alginat i kitosan, koji imaju izvrsnu biološku kompatibilnost, nisu toksični, a biološki su razgradivi. Svrha ovog rada bila je pripraviti alginatne mikrokuglice i odrediti njihova svojstva pogodna za otpuštanje antigena u postupku imunizacije protiv leptospiroze. Alginatne mikrokuglice s antigenom leptospira bile su pripravljene postupkom emulgacije te im je bio određen oblik, opseg distribucije, učinkovitost ugradnje antigena u mikrokuglice, kapacitet ugradnje i profil otpuštanja antigena. Istraženi su učinci nekih pokazatelja (kao što je koncentracija alginata i emulgatora te omjer miješanja) na obilježja mikrokuglica. Procijenjeni su optimalni uvjeti za pripravu alginatnih mikrokuglica na koje je vezan antigen leptospira. Optimalna koncentracija za alginat bila je 3,5 % (w/v), a emulgator span 80 (0,2 % w/v) i tween 80 (3,75 % w/v). Odgovarajuća homogenizacija postignuta je na 500 okretaja. Rezultati su pokazali da je srednja veličina mikrokuglica bila 200 μm, učinkovitost ugradnje antigena 97 %, a kapacitet 8 %. In vitro je ustanovljeno da se antigen leptospira oslobađao s alginatnih mikrokuglica tijekom 192 sata. Ti rezultati pokazuju da alginatne kuglice mogu biti od posebnog interesa za oslobađanje antigena leptospira u organizmu

Design, modeling, expression, and chemoselective PEGylation of a new nanosize cysteine analog of erythropoietin

Reza Ahangari Cohan1, Armin Madadkar-Sobhani2,3, Hossein Khanahmad1, Farzin Roohvand4, Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi4, Mohammad Hossein Hedayati5, Zahra Barghi5, Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani4, Davoud Nouri Inanlou1, Dariush Norouzian11Research and Development Department, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; 2Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; 3Department of Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; 4Hepatitis and AIDS Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; 5Quality Control Department, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IranBackground: Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is considered to be one of the most pivotal pharmaceutical drugs in the market because of its clinical application in the treatment of anemia-associated disorders worldwide. However, like other therapeutic proteins, it does not have suitable pharmacokinetic properties for it to be administrated at least two to three times per week. Chemoselective cysteine PEGylation, employing molecular dynamics and graphics in in silico studies, can be considered to overcome such a problem.Methods: A special kind of EPO analog was elicited based on a literature review, homology modeling, molecular dynamic simulation, and factors affecting the PEGylation reaction. Then, cDNA of the selected analog was generated by site-directed mutagenesis and subsequently cloned into the expression vector. The construct was transfected to Chinese hamster ovary/dhfr- cells, and highly expressed clones were selected via methotrexate amplification. Ion-immobilized affinity and size exclusion (SE) chromatography techniques were used to purify the expressed analog. Thereafter, chemoselective PEGylation was performed and a nanosize PEGylated EPO was obtained through dialysis. The in vitro biologic assay and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters were studied. Finally, E31C analog Fourier transform infrared, analytical SE-high-performance liquid chromatography, zeta potential, and size before and after PEGylation were characterized.Results: The findings indicate that a novel nanosize EPO31-PEG has a five-fold longer terminal half-life in rats with similar biologic activity compared with unmodified rhEPO in proliferation cell assay. The results also show that EPO31-PEG size and charge versus unmodified protein was increased in a nanospectrum, and this may be one criterion of EPO biologic potency enhancement.Discussion: This kind of novel engineered nanosize PEGylated EPO has remarkable advantages over rhEPO.Keywords: nanoPEGylated EPO, cysteine PEGylation, pharmacokinetic propert