The effect of cooperative learning on the spelling achievement of fourth grade students

This research was designed to study the effect of cooperative learning instructional strategies as compared to traditional spelling instruction on fourth grade achievement in spelling. Comparisons were made between the spelling achievement of thirteen fourth grade students when they were taught by cooperative learning strategies and the spelling achievement of these same fourth grade students when they were taught by traditional spelling instructional methods. The cooperative learning instructional methods used were a combination of Classwide Peer Tutoring and Student Teams-Achievement Division (STAD). To control for certain variables a second treatment of traditional spelling instructional methods was implemented after the cooperative learning spelling instruction. A variation of the one-group, pretest-posttest, pre-experimental design was used for this study. A series of t-tests for nonindependent samples were used to analyze the difference in the achievement of the students after using the differing treatments. Statistical analysis was performed at the p=.05 significance level. This study indicated a significant difference in the scores of the students in favor of using cooperative learning spelling instruction over traditional spelling instruction. This study supported the results of previous studies that have also shown a favorable significant difference when using cooperative learning to teach spelling as well as other subjects

I USED TO BE A HOUSE

MEMORY PAST EXPERIENCE EMBODIED EMBODY BODY CONTAIN CONTAINER HOUSE HOME HEAR SEE BE TO BE BEING (NOT) BE WANT TO BE DESIRE FAILURE FUTURE The danger of nostalgia in opposition with the intrinsic importance of memory. The shift of memory in relation to time, space, place, identification, and experience. How one moves through the world, the act of continuously orienting and (re)orienting. Building connections through shape, form, light, color, image, and recollection. Building a house. Being a house. The queering of memory coupled with the craving for a feeling of home. Building oneself and one’s community from the ground up knowing that ultimately, the future can never arrive. Like fighting to stay awake, slowly biting down on the the tips of your fingers in order to remain conscious, but passing quietly into sleep regardless… Within this body of work, I initially set out to investigate the idea of memory, which grew to consume not only that which one would objectively think of as memory, or the act of remembering, but how memory interacts with experience, how it changes and moves in flux with time, space, place, and physicality. Memory as something that can be dynamic. I intended to reflect on solely memory, but I ended up creating objects that mediated and informed spaces between memory, home, time, experience, and the queering of each of them. Text acts as material and object with the same weight as the other physically tangible materials used in creating the pieces. Each of the objects and materials became important as pieces working together as a whole in creating this dialogue and narrative about the aforementioned topics, and additionally allowing for a shift-space where object, material, text, and image all move in and out of each other in conversation. This series of work looks to create narrative, intentional space, and dialogue for the ideas of home, time, queer experience, and memory, and for all of the work to bounce off of and inform each other to perpetuate continuing inquiries, for both myself and those who encounter the works

The Use of Think-Aloud Strategies to Solve Word Problems

In this action research study of my sixth grade mathematics class, I investigated how students’ use of think-aloud strategies impacts their success in solving word problems. My research reveals that the use of think-aloud strategies can play an important role in the students’ abilities to understand and solve word problems. Direct instruction and modeling of think-aloud strategies increased my students’ confidence levels and the likelihood that they would use the strategies on their own. Providing students with a template to use as they solve a word problem helps students to better focus in on the think-aloud strategies I had been modeling for them

Multidetector-row computed tomography of thoracic aortic anomalies in dogs and cats: Patent ductus arteriosus and vascular rings

Abstract Background Diagnosis of extracardiac intrathoracic vascular anomalies is of clinical importance, but remains challenging. Traditional imaging modalities, such as radiography, echocardiography, and angiography, are inherently limited by the difficulties of a 2-dimensional approach to a 3-dimensional object. We postulated that accurate characterization of malformations of the aorta would benefit from 3-dimensional assessment. Therefore, multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) was chosen as a 3-dimensional, new, and noninvasive imaging technique. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients with 2 common diseases of the intrathoracic aorta, either patent ductus arteriosus or vascular ring anomaly, by contrast-enhanced 64-row computed tomography. Results Electrocardiography (ECG)-gated and thoracic nongated MDCT images were reviewed in identified cases of either a patent ductus arteriosus or vascular ring anomaly. Ductal size and morphology were determined in 6 dogs that underwent ECG-gated MDCT. Vascular ring anomalies were characterized in 7 dogs and 3 cats by ECG-gated MDCT or by a nongated thoracic standard protocol. Cardiac ECG-gated MDCT clearly displayed the morphology, length, and caliber of the patent ductus arteriosus in 6 affected dogs. Persistent right aortic arch was identified in 10 animals, 8 of which showed a coexisting aberrant left subclavian artery. A mild dilation of the proximal portion of the aberrant subclavian artery near its origin of the aorta was present in 4 dogs, and a diverticulum analogous to the human Kommerell's diverticulum was present in 2 cats. Conclusions Contrast-enhanced MDCT imaging of thoracic anomalies gives valuable information about the exact aortic arch configuration. Furthermore, MDCT was able to characterize the vascular branching patterns in dogs and cats with a persistent right aortic arch and the morphology and size of the patent ductus arteriosus in affected dogs. This additional information can be of help with regard to improved diagnoses of thoracic anomalies and the planning of surgical interventions.</p

Analysis of ERBB signalling and the impact of targeted therapeutics using protein microarrays

This work was focused on the quantitative analysis of time-resolved in vitro measurements of ligand-induced ERBB signalling in breast cancer cell lines, as well as the development of experimental methods suitable for the large-scale analysis of signalling networks. First, an automated protocol for the highly reproducible stimulation of cell lines with growth factors was developed. In parallel, protein microarray technologies were advanced to the quantification of phosphoproteins and resulted in two different assay formats: microspot immunoassays and reverse phase protein arrays. In collaboration with the bioinformatics group, data analysis tools were developed for both platforms. Experiments in ERBB2 overexpressing cell lines, HCC1954 and SKBR3, demonstrated that both ERBB2 targeting monoclonal antibodies, trastuzumab and pertuzumab, did not efficiently prevent ligand-induced signalling in vitro. Moreover, the combination of both antibody therapeutics did not result in improved efficacy. However, combining a single therapeutic antibody with the EGFR inhibiting small molecule erlotinib significantly downregulated ligand-induced signalling. Furthermore, treatment of proliferating cells with the combination of trastuzumab and erlotinib resulted in a dephosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 and the cell cycle regulator protein RB resulting in cell cycle arrest. Thus, the combination of erlotinib with trastuzumab could be postulated as potential therapy for the treatment of ERBB2-positive breast cancer patients. A comparative analysis of ERBB signalling in four cell lines, MCF7, BT474, HCC1954, and SKBR3, revealed that the phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 is a strong predictor to analyse the activation status of signalling networks since the S6 protein integrates signals from the MAPK as well as the PI3K pathway, the two major pathways downstream of ERBB receptors. Due to differential ERBB receptor expression or additional oncogenic mutations, therapeutics affected ERK1/2 and AKT signalling to different extents in the four cell lines whereas the S6 phosphorylation reflected reliably the cellular response on exogenous perturbations

Wie böse darf ein Held sein? Über die Relevanz moralischer Werte für die Entwicklung von Zuschauerbindungen am Beispiel von Dexter

kein Abstract vorhande

Modeling a thermomechanical NC-simulation

This paper presents a method for a NC-Simulation based prediction of shape errors caused by thermal expansions in machining of complex workpieces. In the first part of the paper the basic approach of modeling a thermomechanical NC-Simulation for a faster and more precise process simulation is shown. Therefore, a fast dexel based material removal simulation including process models for calculation of localized heat flux and forces is linked to a FE model for simulation of thermal conduction in the workpiece. Interdependencies of thermal process and workpiece conditions are considered by a closed simulation loop. In the second part of the paper the modeling of each component is explained. To consider thermomechanical effects in material removal simulation the dexel based workpiece model is extended by additional information like temperature and deformation in every dexel. An inverse projection of the workpiece deformation on a triangulated tool model allows consideration this effect by deformation of the tool model. Thereby, a realistic shape of the workpiece can be simulated. In addition, the current cutting conditions like area of undeformed chip-thickness or contact length are changed. This results in diversified cutting forces and heat fluxes. For a realistic simulation of the thermal conduction the dimensions of the FE model have to be adapted by a time dependent virtual domain method. In the last part of the paper, results of the simulation are compared to measured data. The comparison shows that process temperatures in different workpiece areas are predicted accurately

Electromagnetic Force in Dispersive and Transparent Media

A hydrodynamic-type, macroscopic theory was set up recently to simultaneously account for dissipation and dispersion of electromagnetic field, in nonstationary condensed systems of nonlinear constitutive relations~\cite{JL}. Since it was published in the letter format, some algebra and the more subtle reasonings had to be left out. Two of the missing parts are presented in this paper: How algebraically the new results reduce to the known old ones; and more thoughts on the range of validity of the new theory, especially concerning the treatment of dissipation.Comment: 10 pages, 0 figur

Positive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Relate to Distinct Oscillatory Signatures of Sensory Gating

Oscillatory activity in neural populations and temporal synchronization within these populations are important mechanisms contributing to perception and cognition. In schizophrenia, perception and cognition are impaired. Aberrant gating of irrelevant sensory information, which has been related to altered oscillatory neural activity, presumably contributes to these impairments. However, the link between schizophrenia symptoms and sensory gating deficits, as reflected in oscillatory activity, is not clear. In this electroencephalography study, we used a paired-stimulus paradigm to investigate frequency-resolved oscillatory activity in 22 schizophrenia patients and 22 healthy controls. We found sensory gating deficits in patients compared to controls, as reflected in reduced gamma-band power and alpha-band phase synchrony difference between the first and the second auditory stimulus. We correlated these markers of neural activity with a five-factor model of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Gamma-band power sensory gating was positively correlated with positive symptoms. Moreover, alpha-band phase synchrony sensory gating was negatively correlated with negative symptoms. A cluster analysis revealed three schizophrenia phenotypes, characterized by (i) aberrant gamma-band power and high positive symptoms, (ii) aberrant alpha-band phase synchrony, low positive, and low negative symptom scores or (iii) by intact sensory gating and high negative symptoms.Our study demonstrates that aberrant neural synchronization, as reflected in gamma-band power and alpha-band phase synchrony, relates to the schizophrenia psychopathology. Different schizophrenia phenotypes express distinct levels of positive and negative symptoms as well as varying degrees of aberrant oscillatory neural activity. Identifying the individual phenotype might improve therapeutic interventions