A Marketing plan for the graduate computer graphics design program at RIT

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In cylinder visualization of stratified combustion of E85 and main sources of soot formation

The combustion process and soot formation in spark ignited spray guided stratified combustion of E85 was investigated in a single cylinder optical engine with direct injection of fuel using an outward opening piezo actuated injector. The effect of engine rotation frequency, fuel quantity, injection sequence and ignition timing was studied. Combustion, soot formation and soot oxidation was analyzed using cylinder pressure measurements, images recorded using high speed video cameras, the flame emission spectrum and OH^∗ chemiluminescence and soot incandescence imaging. A maximum injection duration was found to exist for direct ignition of the fuel spray. Engine rotation frequency had little effect on the initial and maximum rate of combustion. The maximum rate of combustion decreased with increasing cycle fuel mass when a single injection was used. The rate of combustion and indicated mean effective pressure increased and the combustion variability decreased when the single injection was split into multiple injections in close succession to deliver the same total fuel mass and the last fuel spray was ignited. Ignition of the first fuel spray resulted in a more pronounced change. The absence of soot incandescence during the initial flame propagation suggested flame propagation in a partially mixed fuel and air mixture with stoichiometric to fuel lean regions. A single fuel injection resulted in piston pool fires due to fuel spray impingement on the piston and was the primary source of soot formation. The pool fires persisted until after conditions favorable to oxidation of the soot had ended. Soot formation in the gas phase occurred while favorable soot oxidation conditions existed and was efficiently oxidized. The magnitude of the piston pool fires was reduced using multiple injections. The reduction is attributed to a reduction of the fuel spray penetration length and a smaller effective injection orifice area, resulting in a shorter total duration of fuel spray impingement on the piston crown. Soot formation occurred primarily in the gas phase when the first of two fuel sprays was ignited and persisted due to the second fuel spray entering an existing flame leading to fuel rich combustion

Opportunities for Public Aquariums to Increase the Sustainability of the Aquatic Animal Trade

The global aquatic pet trade encompasses a wide diversity of freshwater and marine organisms. While relying on a continual supply of healthy, vibrant aquatic animals, few sustainability initiatives exist within this sector. Public aquariums overlap this industry by acquiring many of the same species through the same sources. End users are also similar, as many aquarium visitors are home aquarists. Here we posit that this overlap with the pet trade gives aquariums significant opportunity to increase the sustainability of the trade in aquarium fishes and invertebrates. Improving the sustainability ethos and practices of the aquatic pet trade can carry a conservation benefit in terms of less waste, and protection of intact functioning ecosystems, at the same time as maintaining its economic and educational benefits and impacts. The relationship would also move forward the goal of public aquariums to advance aquatic conservation in a broad sense. For example, many public aquariums in North America have been instrumental in working with the seafood industry to enact positive change toward increased sustainability. The actions include being good consumers themselves, providing technical knowledge, and providing educational and outreach opportunities. These same opportunities exist for public aquariums to partner with the ornamental fish trade, which will serve to improve business, create new, more ethical and more dependable sources of aquatic animals for public aquariums, and perhaps most important, possibly transform the home aquarium industry from a threat, into a positive force for aquatic conservation. Zoo Biol. 32:1-12, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Reducing dose for digital cranial radiography : The increased source to the image-receptor distance approach

This investigation proposes that an increased source to the image-receptor distance (SID) technique can be used to optimize occipital frontal and lateral cranial radiographs acquired with direct digital radiography. Although cranial radiography is not performed on a routine basis, it should nonetheless be optimized to keep the dose to the patient as low as reasonably achievable, particularly because it can form part of the facial bone and sinus series. Dose measurements were acquired at various SIDs, and image quality was assessed using visual grading analysis. Statistically significant reductions in the effective dose between 19.2% and 23.9% were obtained when the SID was increased from the standard 100 to 150 cm (P ≤.05), and visual grading analysis scores indicate that image quality remained diagnostically acceptable for both projections. This investigation concludes that increasing the SID effectively optimizes occipital frontal and lateral skull radiographs. Radiology departments must be advised of the benefits of this technique with the goal of introducing an updated reference SID of 150 cm into clinical practice.Peer reviewe

Theoretical investigation of the count rate capabilities of inâ pixel amplifiers for photon counting arrays based on polycrystalline silicon TFTs

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146384/1/mp13128_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146384/2/mp13128.pd

Galantamine improves olfactory learning in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common form of congenital intellectual disability. Although DS involves multiple disturbances in various tissues, there is little doubt that in terms of quality of life cognitive impairment is the most serious facet and there is no effective treatment for this aspect of the syndrome. The Ts65Dn mouse model of DS recapitulates multiple aspects of DS including cognitive impairment. Here the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS was evaluated in an associative learning paradigm based on olfactory cues. In contrast to disomic controls, trisomic mice exhibited significant deficits in olfactory learning. Treatment of trisomic mice with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine resulted in a significant improvement in olfactory learning. Collectively, our study indicates that olfactory learning can be a sensitive tool for evaluating deficits in associative learning in mouse models of DS and that galantamine has therapeutic potential for improving cognitive abilities