Modern optimization problems decision made using neural network Hopfield

The purpose of writing this paper was to study the solution of optimization problems using Hopfield neural network in Matlab environment in order to improve that Neural network as artificial intelligence best method for provide the solutions for optimization problems. This purpose can be achieved through the following steps: 1. Formation of the basic operation of neural networks; 2. Allocation of the problems encountered when solving optimization problems using Hopfield neural network using Matlab [1]; Neural network operates cyclically. Each of the four Hopfield neural network has outputs a signal, which is input, to all other neurons but himself, however, this network cannot be taught almost anything. Network consisting of N neurons cannot remember more than ~ 0.15 * N images. Therefore, the real network should contain enough impressive number of neurons. This is one of the major flaws of the Hopfield network - a small container. In addition to all the images, do not need to be very similar to each other, or in some cases perhaps looping for recognition

Nationalism in Badr Shaker Al-Sayyab’s Revolutionary Poetry and its Influence on Arabic Poetry

This paper contends that Badr Shaker Al-Sayyab’s use of mythical and symbolic figures shows the impact of foreign and Arabic poetry on the history of humanity. It Appears that Al-Sayyab restored the ancient mythologies of his nation and exchanged this them with Anglo-American culture to handle the praxis of life and reflect the verifiable circumstances of the Middle East, particularly that of his nation, Iraq. This paper reevaluates Al-Sayyab’s poetry from a different perspective which reflects the socio-political unsetting within the Middle East. Al-Sayyab does not essentially duplicate Eliot’s methods, symbolism and themes. Rather, he mixes them with his legendary vision to form a wealthy and widespread national poetry without neglecting or sacrificing the national orientations of his poems. The relationship between Al-Sayyab and other poets is one of subversion and alterations; not essentially one of a simple ongoing impact. Al-Sayyab progressed the myths utilized by Eliot and other poets and changed them to modernize his poetry. Critically, he utilizes myth in an organized and systematic way to compare the current subjects of his lyrics against inaccessible and legendary ones

Development of information system for vital life parameters of newborns

Information system for monitoring vital parameters set by the medical equipment related to medical diagnostic devices for the study of physiological parameters of a newborn and can be used mainly for long-distance non-contact monitoring of vital activity of the newborn, such as movement, breathing and heartbeat [1]. The relevance of this work is evident and the need to address the information system for monitoring vital parameters, estimates and projections status of newborns as the problems of the complex. The purpose of writing this work was to study the information system for monitoring vital parameters, estimates and forecasts of the state of newborns

Assessing the resilience of adolescents who were raised in orphanages in Cairo, Egypt

Orphans in Egypt face discrimination at school, in the work place and when finding a marriage partner. They also are at risk for developing physical, emotional and intellectual delays as a result of residing in an orphanage. The small amount of research conducted on orphans in Egypt has focused on these deficits and the hardships. However, it may be more empowering and more effective to focus on the strengths and capabilities of these youth. In particular, during adolescence when Egyptian orphans must leave their institutions, it is especially important to understand how to support resilience and give them the tools they need to handle the coming challenges of life, particularly in the context of the stigma they will face as they try to find a marriage partner, gain a job, and become independent. The current study assessed the resilience level of youth who resided in orphanages between the ages of 16 and 21, using the Arabic validated version of the CYRM-12 (The Child and Youth Resilience Measure). Those youth who scored the highest on this scale were then interviewed in order to investigate the factors that enabled their resilience. Forty-one youth were surveyed with a mean resilience score of 48.68, indicating high resilience. The youth who were interviewed emphasized the importance of having close supportive relationships especially with a caring adult, and they appreciated having access to material resources especially education. They also had a sense of cohesiveness inside their orphanages, along with a sense of social responsibility toward and social connection with their communities, their places of worship and other orphans. The interviewees were exposed to discrimination, but were able to navigate their way through this challenge using the support from the close relationships, their faith and religion, accepting who they were as orphans, and not caring about what others thought of them. They displayed high levels of self-efficacy and felt in control of their own situations and lives. These results showed how youth who reside in difficult conditions were able to successfully navigate their way to health sustaining resources within themselves, in the orphanage, and in their communities to enhance their well-being

Dissecting the effect of EGF starvation on the signaling and transcriptomic landscapes of the mouse intestinal epithelium

Die EGFR-Signalübertragung steuert viele verschiedene zelluläre Prozesse in allen Arten von Epithelzellen, einschließlich des Darmepithels. Diese Prozesse reichen von Proliferation und Wachstum über Differenzierung bis hin zu Autophagie und Apoptose. Die vorliegende Studie zielt darauf ab, die Signalveränderungen zu charakterisieren, die im Darmepithel als Reaktion auf EGF-induzierten Hungerstress stattfinden. Kontraintuitiv führte eine 24-stündige EGF-Starre zu einer deutlichen Phosphorylierung von EGFR, MEK1/2 und ERK1/2, was auf eine Aktivierung dieser Signalachse in Darmzellen hindeutet. Diese Veränderungen waren am signifikantesten in den undifferenzierten CD44-reichen Krypta-Basiszellen. Interessanterweise war die EGF-Starvation-induzierte ERK1/2-Phosphorylierung mit der Hochregulierung einer Untergruppe von ERK-Zielgenen verbunden, bei denen es sich zumeist um primäre Zielgene handelt. Die Überexpression des EGFR-Liganden HBEGF und des FGFR-Liganden FGF1 in ausgehungerten Zellen könnte für die hungerbedingte Zunahme der MAPK-Aktivität verantwortlich sein, obwohl eine erhöhte Sekretion dieser Liganden durch ausgehungerte Organoide nicht bestätigt werden konnte. Dennoch wird die kompensatorische Ligandensekretion durch die Beobachtung gestützt, dass die erneute Zugabe von EGF zu ausgehungerten Organoiden die pERK1/2-Spiegel auf den Ausgangswert zurücksetzt, was bedeutet, dass EGF mit einem anderen von ausgehungerten Zellen sezernierten Liganden um den EGFR konkurriert. Zusätzlich zu HBEGF wurde festgestellt, dass andere Gene, die für den Schutz, das Überleben und die Regeneration des Darmepithels bekannt sind, in ausgehungerten Organoiden überexprimiert werden, wie z. B. Reg3b. Insgesamt können die in dieser Studie berichteten EGF-induzierten Veränderungen der MAPK-Signalübertragung und der globalen Genexpression als ein überlebensförderndes Programm interpretiert werden, das bevorzugt in Darmstammzellen und frühen Vorläuferzellen aktiviert wird.EGFR signaling drives many different cellular processes in all kinds of epithelial cells including the intestinal epithelium. Such processes range from proliferation and growth to differentiation to autophagy and apoptosis. The present study aims to characterize signaling changes that take place in the intestinal epithelium in response to EGF starvation-induced stress using epithelial organoids derived from the mouse duodenum and human colorectal tumor tissue. Counterintuitively, 24 h EGF starvation induced a prominent phosphorylation of EGFR, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 indicating an activation of this signaling axis in intestinal cells. These changes were most significant in the undifferentiated CD44-high crypt base cells. Interestingly, EGF starvation-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was associated with upregulation of a subset of ERK target genes that were mostly primary-response targets. Overexpression of the EGFR ligand HBEGF and the FGFR ligand FGF1 in starved cells may account for starvation-driven increase in MAPK activity, although an increased secretion of these ligands by starved organoids was not confirmed. Nevertheless, compensatory ligand secretion is still supported by the observation that EGF re-addition to starved organoids restores pERK1/2 levels to baseline which implies that EGF competes for EGFR with some other ligand secreted by starved cells. In addition to HBEGF, other genes known to promote protection, survival and regeneration of the intestinal epithelium were found to be overexpressed in starved organoids such as Reg3b. Collectively, EGF starvation-induced changes in MAPK signaling and global gene expression reported in this study can be interpreted as a pro-survival program that gets activated preferentially in intestinal stem cells and early progenitors

Self-Supporting Structures Produced through Laser Powder Bed Fusion of AlSi10Mg Alloy: Surface Quality and Hole Circularity Tolerance Assessment

In the context of the Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM), the elimination and/or reduction of support structures for the parts is a key issue for process optimization in terms of sustainability and surface quality. In this work, the assessment of the surface quality of overhanging thin walls and unsupported holes with different diameters (4, 6, 8 mm) was carried out through confocal microscopy, SEM-EDS analysis and CMM measurements. To this aim, two different types of AlSi10Mg alloy parts were produced with the L-PBF technology, having self-supporting features such as thin walls and holes with different overhang angles. The results showed that (i) unsupported, down-facing surfaces can be printed consecutively without supports up to a 30◦ overhang angle and with a surface roughness (Sa) ranging from 3 to 40 μm; (ii) unsupported holes can be produced as well, having a mean circularity tolerance ranging from 0.03 to 0.55 mm, regardless of the diameter value; (iii) density and microstructure analysis both revealed that the parts’ integrity was not affected by the design choices

Embracing sustainable farming: Unleashing the circular economy potential of second-life EV batteries in agricultural applications

Growing Kent and Medway Members Showcase Day

Effect of runner thickness and hydrogen content on the mechanical properties of A356 alloy castings

Earlier studies demonstrated the detrimental effect of entrained bifilm defects on aluminum cast alloys’ tensile and fatigue properties. It was suggested that hydrogen has a contributing role as it diffuses into the bifilms and swells them out to form hydrogen porosity. In this study, the effect of the runner height and hydrogen content on the properties of A356 alloy castings was investigated using a two-level full factorial design of experiments. Four responses, the Weibull modulus and position parameter of both the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and % elongation, were assessed. The results suggested that decreasing the runner height and adopting procedures intended to decrease the hydrogen content of the casting caused a considerable enhancement of the Weibull moduli and position parameters of the UTS and % elongation. This was reasoned to the more quiescent practice during mold filling, eliminating the possibility of bifilm formation as well as the decreased hydrogen level that eliminated the amount of hydrogen diffused into the bifilms and accordingly decreased the size of the entrained defects. This, in turn, would allow the production of A356 cast alloys with better and more reproducible properties