Statistics of Merging Peaks of Random Gaussian Fluctuations: Skeleton Tree Formalism

In order to study the statistics of the objects with hierarchical merging, we propose the skeleton tree formalism, which can analytically distinguish the episodic merging and the continuous accretion in the mass growth processes. The distinction was not clear in extended Press-Schechter (PS) formalism. The skeleton tree formalism is a natural extension of the peak theory which is an alternative formalism for the statistics of the bound objects. The fluctuation field smoothing with Gaussian filter produces the landscape with adding the extra-dimension of the filter resolution scale to the spatial coordinate of the original fluctuation. In the landscape, some smoothing peaks are nesting into the neighboring peaks at a type of critical points called sloping saddles appears, which can be interpreted as merging events of the objects in the context of the hierarchical structure formation. The topological properties of the landscape can be abstracted in skeleton trees, which consist of line process of the smoothing peaks and the point process of the sloping saddles. According to this abstract topological picture, in this paper, we present the concept and the basic results of the skeleton tree formalism to describe (1) the distinction between the accretion and the merger in the hierarchical structure formation from various initial random Gaussian fields; (2) the instantaneous number density of the sloping saddles which gives the instantaneous scale function of the objects with the destruction and reformation in the mergers; (3) the rates of the destruction, the reformation, and the relative accretion growth; (4) the self-consistency of the formalism for the statistics of the mass growth processes of the objects; (5) the mean growth history of the objects at the fixed mass.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, submitted to MNRAS at 28th July, not yet refereed until 4th Oc

CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN THE SITUATIONS OF EXPRESSING GRATITUDE BETWEEN JAPANESE AND INDONESIAN COLLEGE STUDENTS

Tohoku University江藤 裕

感謝の語用論―インドネシア語における感謝表現の分析―

Tohoku University江藤裕之課

STRES DAN SELF-DISCLOSURE DI TWITTER PADA MAHASISWA

Self-disclosure di media sosial dapat dijadikan salah satu cara mencari dukungan sosial sebagai usaha mengatasi stres yang banyak dialami mahasiswa. Twitter merupakan salah satu media sosial microblogging dengan fitur utama berbentuk broadcast teks singkat yang memudahkan penggunanya berbagi secara cepat dan ringkas, sehingga seharusnya dapat memudahkan self-disclosure. Akan tetapi, penelitian terdahulu belum banyak yang meneliti self-disclosure dalam konteks Twitter. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mencari tahu apakah terdapat hubungan antara stres dengan self-disclosure di Twitter pada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 128 mahasiswa aktif Universitas Padjadjaran yang merupakan pengguna aktif Twitter. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) dan hasil adaptasi skala self-dicslosure oleh Wheeless (1978) dalam penelitian S. Zhang, Kwok, Lowry, Liu, & Wu (2019). Analisis korelasi yang dilakukan menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara tingkat stres dengan perilaku mengungkapkan informasi diri di Twitter pada responden yang mengalami stres. Karakteristik self-disclosure yang dilakukan mayoritas responden yang mengalami stres mendukung asumsi awal bahwa self-disclosure yang dilakukan pada saat stres adalah untuk mendapatkan dukungan sosial. Stres juga ditemukan berhubungan paling kuat dengan dimensi amount dan valence self-disclosure

PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF ANAK USIA DINI DI PERUM KOMPLEK MARINIR KECAMATAN DUKUH PAKIS SURABAYA

Peran orang tua dalam meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak usia dini di perum komplek marinir jika sedang berada di rumah maupun di sekolah. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasari oleh keingintahuan penulis pada proses meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak usia dini dan kurangnya peran orang tua. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan antara lain : 1)Mendeskripsikan peran orang tua dalam meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak usia dini, 2)Mengetahui kendala yang dialami peran orang tua dalam meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak usia dini. Bahwa dalam meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak sewaktu belajar dirumah mengalami respon yang positif, dimana: 1)kognitif anak dapat terasa dengan baik karena anak senang apabila orang tua mereka menerangkan dan menjelaskan dengan cara bermain; 2)Anak terlihat antusias dalam belajar. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah : 1.Wawancara, 2.Observasi, dan 3. Dokumentasi sebagai sumber data yang dapat dipertanggung jawabkan keakuratannya. Analisis data dengan langkah-langkah : 1.Reduksi data, 2.Penyajian data, dan 3. Kesimpulan. Untuk keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini adalah 1.Uji kredibilitas, 2.Uji dependibilitas, dan 3.Uji transferabilitas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian orang tua juga belum mengerti mengenai kemampuan kognitif anak usia dini, dan kurangnya pemahaman materi oleh orang tua. Simpulan yang dapat diambil dari artikel ini bahwa peran orang tua dalam mengembangkan kognitif anak usia dini di Perum Komplek Marinir Kecamatan Dukuh Pakis Surabaya diantaranya, menggunakan media papan flannel untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak usia dini

Pengalaman Intercultural Adjustment Mahasiswa Indonesia di Jepang

The cultural differences encountered while studying abroad can trigger problems that generate negative emotions. To prevent the negative impact of these emotions on the quality of life of students, it is important to have intercultural adjustments so that they can deal with cultural differences more adaptively. This study aims to explore the obstacles experienced by Indonesian students in Japan and how intercultural adjustment efforts are made. The research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods through semi-structured interviews with two Indonesian students in Japan. Data analysis using thematic analysis. The results of the study found several themes of obstacles such as language barriers, difficulty socializing with local people, living systems due to differences in weather and climate, loneliness, and difficulty finding halal food. To overcome these obstacles, several themes of adjustment were made, including: emotional regulation, self opening, flexible, and evaluating new experiences and knowledge. These themes show that the adjustment of Indonesian students in Japan can be explained within the framework of intercultural adjustment.

Bullying and Social Support in Elementary School Students: A Qualitative Study

This descriptive qualitative study aimed to comprehend the perception of elementary school children in Bandung about bullying, focusing on the understanding of the phenomenon and the use of social support from teachers, parents, and peers. In order to achieve this aim, semi-structured interviews were carried out with four children aged between 12 to13 years, from different elementary schools in Bandung. The data obtained from the conducted interview were subsequently transcribed and analyzed using a thematic analysis framework. The analysis results showed children comprehended bullying differently in a manner that did not entirely harmonize with the conventional definition. It was also important to acknowledge that children viewed emotional support as a more important factor compared to direct problem-solving. The obtained results were extensively discussed to explore implications for further analysis concerning the interplay between bullying and the association with social support

Design, synthesis and function of novel hosts with cooperative recognition ability

Thesis (Ph. D. in Science)--University of Tsukuba, (B), no. 1804, 2002.3.25Includes bibliographical reference

Physical Properties, Star Formation, and Active Galactic Nucleus Activity in Balmer Break Galaxies at 0 < z < 1

We present a spectroscopic study with the derivation of the physical properties of 37 Balmer break galaxies, which have the necessary lines to locate them in star-forming-AGN diagnostic diagrams. These galaxies span a redshift range from 0.045 to 0.93 and are somewhat less massive than similar samples of previous works. The studied sample has multiwavelength photometric data coverage from the ultraviolet to MIR Spitzer bands. We investigate the connection between star formation and AGN activity via optical, mass-excitation (MEx) and MIR diagnostic diagrams. Through optical diagrams, 31 (84%) star-forming galaxies, 2 (5%) composite galaxies and 3 (8%) AGNs were classified, whereas from the MEx diagram only one galaxy was classified as AGN. A total of 19 galaxies have photometry available in all the IRAC/Spitzer bands. Of these, 3 AGN candidates were not classified as AGN in the optical diagrams, suggesting they are dusty/obscured AGNs, or that nuclear star formation has diluted their contributions. Furthermore, the relationship between SFR surface density (\Sigma_{SFR}) and stellar mass surface density per time unit (\Sigma_{M_{\ast}/\tau}) as a function of redshift was investigated using the [OII] \lambda3727, 3729, H\alpha \lambda6563 luminosities, which revealed that both quantities are larger for higher redshift galaxies. We also studied the SFR and SSFR versus stellar mass and color relations, with the more massive galaxies having higher SFR values but lower SSFR values than less massive galaxies. These results are consistent with previous ones showing that, at a given mass, high-redshift galaxies have on average larger SFR and SSFR values than low-redshift galaxies. Finally, bluer galaxies have larger SSFR values than redder galaxies and for a given color the SSFR is larger for higher redshift galaxies.Comment: preprint version, 36 pages, 17 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa