Computer simulations of space-borne meteorological systems on the CYBER 205

Because of the extreme expense involved in developing and flight testing meteorological instruments, an extensive series of numerical modeling experiments to simulate the performance of meteorological observing systems were performed on CYBER 205. The studies compare the relative importance of different global measurements of individual and composite systems of the meteorological variables needed to determine the state of the atmosphere. The assessments are made in terms of the systems ability to improve 12 hour global forecasts. Each experiment involves the daily assimilation of simulated data that is obtained from a data set called nature. This data is obtained from two sources: first, a long two-month general circulation integration with the GLAS 4th Order Forecast Model and second, global analysis prepared by the National Meteorological Center, NOAA, from the current observing systems twice daily

Ukraine’s Lessons for Future Combat: Unmanned Aerial Systems and Deep Strike

The Russia-Ukraine War holds many lessons for the US Army and American policymakers and leaders on the nature and role of reconnaissance-strike complexes in modern combat, especially Ukraine’s development of a battle-management system that fuses unmanned aerial systems and satellite reconnaissance to enable the fire coordination for deep strikes into the enemy rear. In the research presented here, open-source analysis and interviews in Ukraine focus on the development and employment of reconnaissance-strike complexes with respect to deep strike and the likelihood of mutual territorial attack

Discovering a new approach to communicating architecture through the design of a school for special education

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (p. 30).Communication is a shortcoming of our profession. Go ahead and ask the ordinary person on the street to name a few famous architects. Hmmm- Frank, maybe Le Corbusier, maybe. How can we express our ideas and convey our process? How can we show our design in all its glory so that the client, the funder, the trustee, the guy that pays our bills, understand its purpose, form and function? Clearly we could just write a paper. We could include a couple of models, even a walk through on videotape. We could go to the client and show him all these things and try and convince him to hire us. Then we could hope that he will tell others involved in the funding and the building what we showed him. We could do this. We do, do this. I wanted to discover a novel approach to communicating architecture. I want you to see my approach. This thesis is my new approach to th is age old problem. I believe, as do a small number of other architects and designers, that the new approach lies in the use of today's multimedia technology. Oh a big buzz word "MULTIMEDIA". What a weird word. Multi - meaning many and Media - meaning, well just about anything, pictures, video, text, audio, 3D, 20, you name it. So multimedia means lots of anything! The word tells me everything and yet it tells me nothing. Its ambiguous. You see this is just the point. I cannot tell you. I cannot show you. You need to experience it yourself. This does not mean turning on a tape and playing it from beginning to end. It means much more; it means anything. We are finally free to do anything and everything to convey our ideas as much or as little as we want, and the whole time leaving the viewer, the client, in control. This thesis is embodied in an interactive CD-ROM which is attached to this document or available from the librarians desk. It requires an interaction with the reader. This mode of interaction results from my investigation of how communication between the lay person and the architect should occur. I argue that this affords a richer and more complete understanding of a building and its purposes than do conventional methods.by Adam Douglas Halem.M.C.P

Architectural assessment of mass storage systems at GSFC

The topics are presented in viewgraph form and include the following: system functionality; characteristics; data sources; hardware/software systems; and performance assessments

Means and Methods of Determining the Technical Condition Autonomous Energy Sources

On the example of an autonomous source of electric energy with an internal combustion engine the structure of the scheme of the test system of diagnosis is substantiated. The possibility of determining the energy performance of the system by diagnostic parameters was evaluated

Promotion de la croissance des plantes en utilisant des souches de Streptomyces et de Bacillus produisant de l’auxine, seules ou en consortium

Le monde est confronté à un problème de sécurité alimentaire dû à la surpopulation mondiale qui conduit à une utilisation accrue des engrais chimiques pour augmenter la productivité agricole. Bien que les engrais chimiques présentent des avantages, ils ont des effets négatifs sur l'environnement et la santé humaine. Cela a suscité un intérêt pour l'utilisation des rhizobactéries qui favorisent la croissance des plantes (RFCP) en tant que principes actifs des biofertilisants. Les RFCP favorisent la croissance des plantes par des mécanismes directs et indirects tels que la production de phytohormones, la fixation de l'azote, la solubilisation du phosphate, la production d'antibiotiques et des enzymes lytiques et la production de sidérophores. Dans la présente étude, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la promotion de la croissance des plantes avec l’acide indole acétique (IAA) produit par RFCP. Le but de cette étude était d’établir pour la première fois des consortiums RFCP formés avec des souches d’actinobactéries et de Bacillus produisant de l’IAA. Il a été démontré que les consortiums RFCP offrent une plus grande cohérence que les souches individuelles de RFCP, qui présentent parfois des résultats incohérents dans des conditions réelles. Une technique colorimétrique a été utilisée pour cribler une collection d'isolats d'actinobactéries et de Bacillus en vue de la production d'IAA en utilisant le réactif de Salkowski. La capacité des souches les plus productives en IAA à favoriser la croissance de la plante modèle Lemna minor a été testée. Respectivement, 73% et 11% des souches d'actinobactéries et de Bacillus sélectionnées produisant de l’IAA ont favorisé la croissance de L. minor. La technique de superposition de double gélose a été utilisée pour tester la compatibilité entre les souches actinobactériennes et Bacillus sélectionnées. Il n’a pas été possible de former des consortiums contenant plus de trois souches en raison de l’antagonisme entre les souches ainsi la plupart des consortiums sélectionnés étaient composés de deux souches. Quatorze consortiums ont été testés et sept d’entre eux ont favorisé la croissance de L. minor. La capacité d'une combinaison d'isolats compatibles à promouvoir le nombre de frondes de L. minor était égale ou inférieure à la capacité des souches constituant le consortium. Les consortiums A et E ont également favorisé la croissance des plantules de laitue, indiquant que L. minor est une bonne plante modèle pour le criblage de RFCP. La capacité du consortium A à promouvoir la croissance des plantules de laitue était égale à celle de la souche JW 239 seule, tandis qu'une synergie était observée entre les membres du consortium E, ce qui suscitait de l'intérêt pour l'application sur le terrain.Abstract: The world is facing a food security problem because of global overpopulation that is leading to increased use of chemical fertilizers to drive agricultural productivity. Although, chemical fertilizers are beneficial, they can have negative impacts on the environment and human health. This has inspired interest in using plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as active ingredients of biofertilizers. PGPR promote plant growth by direct and indirect mechanisms such as phytohormones production, nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, antibiotics and lytic enzyme production and siderophore production. In the present study we focused on promoting plant growth by indole acetic acid (IAA) produced by PGPR. The aim of this study was to establish for the first time PGPR consortia formed with IAA producing actinobacterial and Bacillus strains. PGPR consortia have been shown to provide more consistency than individual PGPR strains which sometimes show inconsistent results under field conditions. A colorimetric technique was used to screen a collection of actinobacterial and Bacillus isolates for IAA production by using the Salkowski reagent. The ability of the highest IAA producing strains to promote the growth of the model plant Lemna minor was tested. Respectively, 73% and 11% of the selected IAA producing actinobacterial and Bacillus strains promoted L. minor growth. The double agar overlay technique was used to test the compatibility between the selected actinobacterial and Bacillus strains. It was not possible to form consortia containing more than three strains due to the antagonism between the strains, therefore most of the selected consortia were composed of two strains. Fourteen consortia were tested and seven of them promoted L. minor growth. The capacity of a combination of compatible isolates to promote L. minor frond numbers was found to be equal or lower than the capacity of the individual strains composing the consortium. Consortia A and E also promoted lettuce seedlings growth, indicating that L. minor is a good model plant to screen PGPR. Ability of consortium A to promote lettuce seedling growth was equal to that of the single strain JW 239 while a synergy was observed between members of consortium E which suggest that these strains could be of interest for field applications

The space-time budget method in criminological research

This article reviews the Space-Time Budget method developed by Wikström and colleagues and particularly discusses its relevance for criminological research. The Space-Time Budget method is a data collection instrument aimed at recording, retrospectively, on an hour-by-hour basis, the whereabouts and activities of respondents during four days in the week before the interview. The method includes items about criminologically relevant events, such as offending and victimization. We demonstrate that the method can be very useful in criminology, because it enables the study of situational causes of crime and victimization, because it enables detailed measurement of theoretical concepts such as individual lifestyles and individual routine activities, and because it enables the study of adolescents’ whereabouts, which extends the traditional focus on residential neighborhoods. The present article provides the historical background of the method, explains how the method can be applied, presents validation results based on data from 843 secondary school students in the Netherlands and describes the methods’ strengths and weaknesses. Two case studies are summarized to illustrate the usefulness of the method in criminological research. The article concludes with some anticipated future developments and recommendations on further readings

Distinguishing Provenance Equivalence of Earth Science Data

Reproducibility of scientific research relies on accurate and precise citation of data and the provenance of that data. Earth science data are often the result of applying complex data transformation and analysis workflows to vast quantities of data. Provenance information of data processing is used for a variety of purposes, including understanding the process and auditing as well as reproducibility. Certain provenance information is essential for producing scientifically equivalent data. Capturing and representing that provenance information and assigning identifiers suitable for precisely distinguishing data granules and datasets is needed for accurate comparisons. This paper discusses scientific equivalence and essential provenance for scientific reproducibility. We use the example of an operational earth science data processing system to illustrate the application of the technique of cascading digital signatures or hash chains to precisely identify sets of granules and as provenance equivalence identifiers to distinguish data made in an an equivalent manner