Understanding How the Role of an Artist-Teacher May Impact Student Learning and Teaching Practice

Art Education Research ProjectThe definition of an artist-teacher has been an ongoing debate amongst many within the fine arts and art education. The following research is the journey of a newly proclaimed artist-teacher as she finds meaning in her newfound declaration with the dual identities. The action based research documented the happenings and insights of an artist-teacher, along with nineteen high school art students in Central Illinois. The researcher sought to discover whether an artist-teacher may work alongside students in a studio setting, investigating and analyzing both the positive and negative results. The goal of the research was to understand how the role of an artist-teacher may impact student learning and teaching practice. As a result of a triangulation approach to data collection, the researcher uncovered that an artist-teacher working alongside learners in a studio setting promoted a comfortable working environment that increased student interactions and dialogue. Additionally, the importance of an artist-teacher being reflective of practice was revealed as the researcher found such reflections to be a resourceful tool in order to better balance the dual roles that at times may become overwhelming

Rural farmers' experience in living with prostate cancer following diagnosis and treatment

In Canada, prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men. The incidence continues to rise. Although there is a growing empirical literature on the prostate cancer experience of men who live and work in urban areas, little is known about the experience of men who live and work in rural settings where access to treatment and support may present unique challenges. The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore the experiences of men diagnosed and treated for prostate cancer who live and work (farm) in rural Saskatchewan. Using a Naturalistic Inquiry approach and methods of Grounded Theory Analysis, six participants were recruited through a physician’s office, advertisements, and cancer support groups, and interviewed. The interview data were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed. Data analysis revealed five common themes: farming and rural life, physical and emotional concerns, sexuality, masculinity, thoughtfulness and reflection, helping others and being helped. There was no evidence of rural isolation or concern with travelling to the cities for treatment. Depression and anxiety were not reported as major concerns. Participants explained that while continuing to farm helped them cope, fatigue reduced their ability to farm and increasingly they relied on help from family and neighbours. Participants experienced a sense of urinary urgency and/or incontinence following treatment and managed their daily activities to lesson the impact. All were impotent following treatment. They coped with loss of sexual function through a renewed life perspective or use of medication to restore sexual function. Traditional masculine behaviours can be a barrier to health screening for men with prostate cancer. Participants used their prostate cancer experience to engage in activities of new learning, new meaning, and new perspectives and to educate and support other men with prostate cancer. This study highlights the need for further research on the health experiences of farmers and other rural men, and to uncover the variety of masculine and behavioural responses with respect to men’s health issues. Although the range of health issues may be similar from one man to another, it is important for health care providers to understand individual differences

Volcanic aerosol records and tephrochronology of the Summit, Greenland, ice cores

The recently collected Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) and Greenland Ice Core Project ice cores from Summit, Greenland, provide lengthy and highly resolved records of the deposition of both the aerosol (H2SO4) and silicate (tephra) components of past volcanism. Both types of data are very beneficial in developing the hemispheric to global chronology of explosive volcanism and evaluating the entire volcanism‐climate system. The continuous time series of volcanic SO42− for the last 110,000 years show a strong relationship between periods of increased volcanism and periods of climatic change. The greatest number of volcanic SO42− signals, many of very high magnitude, occur during and after the final stages of deglaciation (6000–17,000 years ago), possibly reflecting the increased crustal stresses that occur with changing volumes of continental ice sheets and with the subsequent changes in the volume of water in ocean basins (sea level change). The increase in the number of volcanic SO42− signals at 27,000–36,000 and 79,000–85,000 years ago may be related to initial ice sheet growth prior to the glacial maximum and prior to the beginning of the last period of glaciation, respectively. A comparison of the electrical conductivity of the GISP2 core with that of the volcanic SO42− record for the Holocene indicates that only about half of the larger volcanic signals are coincident in the two records. Other volcanic acids besides H2SO4 and other SO42− sources can complicate the comparisons, although the threshold level picked to make such comparisons is especially critical. Tephra has been found in both cores with a composition similar to that originating from the Vatnaöldur eruption that produced the Settlement Layer in Iceland (mid‐A.D. 870s), from the Icelandic eruption that produced the Saksunarvatn ash (∼10,300 years ago), and from the Icelandic eruption(s) that produced the Z2 ash zone in North Atlantic marine cores (∼52,700 years ago). The presence of these layers provides absolute time lines for correlation between the two cores and for correlation with proxy records from marine sediment cores and terrestrial deposits containing these same tephras. The presence of both rhyolitic and basaltic shards in the Z2 ash in theGISP2 core and the composition of the basaltic grains lend support to multiple Icelandic sources (Torfajökull area and Katla) for the Z2 layer. Deposition of the Z2 layer occurs at the beginning of a stadial event, further reflecting the possibility of a volcanic triggering by the effects of changing climatic conditions

Oxygen Isotope Variations in Recent Magnesian Lavas from Iceland’s Northern Neovolcanic Zone

Geochemical variations of Icelandic lavas reflect both differences in the compositions and conditions and extents of melting of their sources (e.g., Thirlwall, 1994) and magmatic differentiation and crustal contamination (e.g., Gee et al., 1996). Discriminating between these two processes is key to constructing models of the composition and dynamics of the Iceland plume. Recent efforts to do so have focused on relatively magnesian lavas from the northern and western neovolcanic zones; Theistareykir volcano has been of particular importance for this work because of its abundance of magnesian lavas, the absence of a well-developed central volcanic complex, and the fact that it's lavas include the 'depleted' extreme to the array of compositional variations in Icelandic lavas generally (e.g., Elliott et al., 1991). We report here a study of oxygen-isotope variations in phenocrysts from recent Theistareykir lavas, conducted to search for evidence for both crustal contamination and oxygen isotope variations in the sub-Icelandic mantle

CO2 content beneath northern Iceland and the variability of mantle carbon

Primitive basalt melt inclusions from Borgarhraun, northern Iceland, display large correlated variations in CO2 and non-volatile incompatible trace elements (ITEs) such as Nb, Th, Rb, and Ba. The average CO2/ITE ratios of the Borgarhraun melt inclusion population are precisely determined (e.g., CO2/Nb = 391 ± 16; 2M, n = 161). These data, along with published data on five other populations of undegassed MORB glasses and melt inclusions, demonstrate that upper mantle CO2/Ba and CO2/Rb are nearly homogenous, while CO2/Nb and CO2/Th are broadly correlated with long-term indices of mantle heterogeneity reflected in Nd isotopes (143Nd/144Nd) in five out of the six regions of the upper mantle examined thus far. Our results suggest that heterogeneous carbon contents of the upper mantle are long-lived features, and that average carbon abundances of the mantle sources of Atlantic mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) are higher by a factor of two than those of Pacific MORB. This observation is correlated with a similar distinction in water contents (Michael, 1995) and trace elements characteristic of subduction fluids (Ba, Rb; Arevalo and McDonough, 2010). We suggest that the upper mantle beneath the younger Atlantic Ocean basin contains components of hydrated and carbonated subduction-modified mantle from prior episodes of Iapetus subduction that were entrained and mixed into the upper mantle during opening of the Atlantic Ocean basin.Maclennan is supported by Natural Environment Research Council grant NE/M000427/1. This research was supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington and is a contribution to the Deep Carbon Observatory

CO2 content beneath northern Iceland and the variability of mantle carbon

© The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Geology 46 (2018): 55-58, doi:10.1130/G39413.1.Primitive basalt melt inclusions from Borgarhraun, northern Iceland, display large correlated variations in CO2 and nonvolatile incompatible trace elements (ITEs) such as Nb, Th, Rb, and Ba. The average CO2/ITE ratios of the Borgarhraun melt inclusion population are precisely determined (e.g., CO2/Nb = 391 ± 16; 2σM [two standard errors of the mean], n = 161). These data, along with published data on five other populations of undegassed mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB) glasses and melt inclusions, demonstrate that upper mantle CO2/Ba and CO2/Rb are nearly homogeneous, while CO2/Nb and CO2/Th are broadly correlated with long-term indices of mantle heterogeneity reflected in Nd isotopes (143Nd/144Nd) in five of the six regions of the upper mantle examined thus far. Our results suggest that heterogeneous carbon contents of the upper mantle are long-lived features, and that average carbon abundances of the mantle sources of Atlantic MORB are higher by a factor of two than those of Pacific MORB. This observation is correlated with a similar distinction in water contents and trace elements characteristic of subduction fluids (Ba, Rb). We suggest that the upper mantle beneath the younger Atlantic Ocean basin contains components of hydrated and carbonated subduction-modified mantle from prior episodes of Iapetus subduction that were entrained and mixed into the upper mantle during opening of the Atlantic Ocean basin.Maclennan is supported by Natural Environment Research Council grant NE/M000427/1. This research was supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington

Heat capacities of iron disulfides Thermodynamics of marcasite from 5 to 700 K, pyrite from 300 to 780 K, and the transformation of marcasite to pyrite

The heat capacity of purified natural marcasite has been determined by adiabatic-shield calorimetry in the region 5 to 700 K where it transforms to pyrite exothermically. Values of thermodynamic functions at 298.15 K are Cp, {So(T) - So(0)}, and {Ho(T) - Ho(0)} are 14.92 calth K-1 mol-1, 12.88 calth K-1 mol-1, and 2328 calth mol-1, respectively, for marcasite (FeS2). Our earlier measurements on pyrite have been extended to 770 K, and show that the heat capacity of marcasite is slightly higher than that of pyrite over the entire range of mutual existence. The transformation to pyrite is significantly exothermic at 700 K, [Delta]Ht = - (1.05 +/- 0.05) kcalth mol-1, and correspondingly, Ho(T = 0, marcasite) - Ho(T = 0, pyrite) = (0.99 +/- 0.05) kcalth mol-1. Marcasite is thus metastable with regard to pyrite over the whole temperature region and owes its formation and persistence to kinetic factors. At 298.15 K the standard enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs energies of formation for FeS2 phases are:Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21922/1/0000329.pd

CO2 content beneath northern Iceland and the variability of mantle carbon

Primitive basalt melt inclusions from Borgarhraun, northern Iceland, display large correlated variations in CO2 and nonvolatile incompatible trace elements (ITEs) such as Nb, Th, Rb, and Ba. The average CO2/ITE ratios of the Borgarhraun melt inclusion population are precisely determined (e.g., CO2/Nb = 391 ± 16; 2σM [two standard errors of the mean], n = 161). These data, along with published data on five other populations of undegassed mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB) glasses and melt inclusions, demonstrate that upper mantle CO2/Ba and CO2/Rb are nearly homogeneous, while CO2/Nb and CO2/Th are broadly correlated with long-term indices of mantle heterogeneity reflected in Nd isotopes (143Nd/144Nd) in five of the six regions of the upper mantle examined thus far. Our results suggest that heterogeneous carbon contents of the upper mantle are long-lived features, and that average carbon abundances of the mantle sources of Atlantic MORB are higher by a factor of two than those of Pacific MORB. This observation is correlated with a similar distinction in water contents and trace elements characteristic of subduction fluids (Ba, Rb). We suggest that the upper mantle beneath the younger Atlantic Ocean basin contains components of hydrated and carbonated subduction-modified mantle from prior episodes of Iapetus subduction that were entrained and mixed into the upper mantle during opening of the Atlantic Ocean basin

Mesures de déformations macroscopiques et cristallines dans le bois et implications pour une modélisation multi-échelle

Le bois est un matériau au comportement fortement hygroscope et viscoélastique. Sa microstructure complexe implique de nombreux niveaux d’organisation : un échantillon millimétrique est constitué de plusieurs types de cellules (vaisseaux, rayons et fibres) orientées dans différentes directions ; les fibres, constituant la fraction majoritaire et déterminante pour les propriétés mécaniques, sont des cellules allongées d’une longueur de l’ordre du millimètre et d’une largeur de quelques dizaines de microns ; leur paroi est un multicouche épais de quelques microns ; chaque couche est un matériau composite constitué pour moitié d’une matrice polymérique amorphe, et pour moitié de microfibrilles rigides ayant une orientation spécifique ; les microfibrilles, organisées en agrégats épais de quelques dizaines de nanomètres, sont constituées de cellulose aux deux-tiers cristalline ; les cristaux de cellulose sont larges de quelques nanomètres et faits de longues chaines de cellulose dont le motif élémentaire (lattice) mesure quelques angströms ; la longueur des zones cristallines, l’agencement entre cellulose amorphe et cristalline, et la structuration en agrégats sont mal connus. Les modélisations multi-échelles du comportement mécanique du bois se basent sur l’emboitement de méthodes d’homogénéisation représentant chacun de ces niveaux d’organisation. L’objectif du travail présenté est de vérifier expérimentalement les limites de ces modèles en comparant la déformation macroscopique du bois et la déformation à la plus petite échelle (cristal de cellulose, mesuré par diffraction de rayons X), et ceci pour différents types de comportement (élastique, post-élastique et viscoélastique) et à différentes humidités. Les résultats montrent que les déformations cristallines mesurées sont toujours significativement inférieures à celle prévues sous les hypothèses sous-jacentes aux modèles multi-échelles, notamment quand le bois est humide. Cette différence est interprétée comme résultant de légères approximations (rectitude et longueur infinie des éléments constitutifs) faites par les modèles à chaque niveau d’organisation, dont l’erreur se cumule lors de l’intégration multi-échelle

Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of FeSb2 from 5 to 1021.2 K Enthalpy of decomposition

The heat capacity of FeSb2 has been measured by adiabatic-shield calorimetry from 5 to 1021.2 K. At the latter temperature the phase decomposes into the FeSb phase and an antimony-rich melt. The heat capacity increases regularly over the entire temperature range, except for a high value at 898 K which is related to the fusion of a small amount of antimony. The enthalpy of peritectic decomposition of FeSb2 at 1021.2 K is (12910 +/- 30) calth mol-1. Thermodynamic functions have been evaluated and the values of Cp, {So(T) - So(0)}, and -[{Go(T) - Ho(0)}/T] at 298.15 and 1000 K are 19.08, 25.98, 12.881, and 24.80, 51.01, and 32.25 calth K-1 mol-1, respectively. The present results together with the Gibbs free energy of formation values from the literature give the formation values:Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23070/1/0000644.pd